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1.
聚合物基导热绝缘复合材料导热机理及应用研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
李珺鹏  齐暑华  谢璠 《材料导报》2012,26(3):69-72,90
介绍了聚合物基导热绝缘复合材料的导热机理,分析了导热模型在某些材料制备中的成功应用以及不足之处。聚合物基导热复合材料由于具备一些优良的特点,广泛应用于各种形式材料的制备,如导热绝缘塑料、导热绝缘胶粘剂、导热绝缘橡胶、导热绝缘复合涂层等。研究成果表明,利用聚合物基导热绝缘复合材料制备的材料的性能优良,可满足一定场合的使用,其应用领域不断扩大。随着科学技术的发展及对材料性能要求的不断提高,高导热绿色环保材料成为最终发展趋势。  相似文献   

2.
柔性可穿戴电子器件的研制是未来科技发展的方向之一,柔性导电材料是可穿戴电子器件的重要支撑材料。由于聚合物具有优异的柔性,由聚合物基导电复合材料制备柔性导体是一种重要的途径和方式。文中从制备和表征方法方面归纳了聚合物基柔性导电复合材料的研究进展,重点阐述了实现柔性导体的关键因素,即聚合物优异高弹性的保持和可拉伸的稳定的导电网络的实现,详细介绍了简易地利用高弹性基体和纳米填料的直接共混法和目前应用较多的结构可拉伸导体的设计与制备,并总结了目前研究中存在的问题。  相似文献   

3.
近年来,基于水凝胶的导电材料及其作为柔性可穿戴设备的应用引起了人们的广泛关注。柔性可穿戴设备不仅可以采集人体生理信号用于远程健康监测,还在人机界面、软机器人等方面展示出巨大的应用潜力。导电水凝胶所具有的良好导电性、高延伸性、可调柔韧性、生物兼容性和多重刺激响应性等优点使其成为制备柔性可穿戴设备的理想材料。到目前为止,各种导电材料被广泛用于制作导电复合水凝胶。本文根据导电材料对导电复合水凝胶进行分类,包括离子导电水凝胶(基于盐离子、离子液体、聚电解质等导电物质)、电子导电水凝胶(基于导电聚合物基、碳材料、MXene和金属等导电物质)两大类,并介绍了导电水凝胶在人体运动监测、健康监测、人机界面等柔性可穿戴设备中的应用进展。  相似文献   

4.
碳基材料掺杂聚合物导电特性研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
导电聚合物可分为结构型导电聚合物和复合型导电聚合物,其中复合型导电聚合物主要是碳基材料或金属掺杂聚合物而得到。文中综述了碳基材料掺杂聚合物的导电机理和碳基材料掺杂聚合物导电特性的研究进展。导电机理主要有渗滤理论、隧道效应和场致发射理论等。目前应用于复合型导电聚合物的碳基材料主要为炭黑、碳纳米管和石墨烯等。文中还简要介绍了碳基材料掺杂聚合物的应用和发展趋势。  相似文献   

5.
聚合物基磁致伸缩复合材料是一种新型的功能材料.综述了近年来有关聚合物基磁致伸缩复合材料的研究情况,介绍了磁致伸缩机理、传统的磁致伸缩材料的特点,以及聚合物基磁致伸缩复合材料的产生,总结了聚合物基磁致伸缩复合材料的性能影响因素、制备工艺和应用情况,提出了今后聚合物基磁致伸缩复合材料的研究方向.  相似文献   

6.
半纤维素基水凝胶是一种具有优异保水性、良好生物相容性和力学性能的三维网络状亲水聚合物,在软材料领域尤其是半纤维素基材料研究领域备受瞩目。本文综述了近年来半纤维素基水凝胶的研究进展,从化学交联和物理交联两个方面介绍了半纤维素基水凝胶的制备方法、形成机理和性能,比较了化学交联中光、酶、微波辐射和辉光放电电解等离子体等不同引发体系的差异,总结了半纤维素基水凝胶在药物控释、伤口敷料、高效吸附及3D打印等领域的最新应用和发展,并对半纤维素基水凝胶领域所面临的挑战进行了总结和展望,以期为新型半纤维素水凝胶的研究提供参考。  相似文献   

7.
激光-感应复合加热法制备(纳米)粉体技术及其应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文介绍了一种具有高产率和高产量的激光-感应复合加热法制备(纳米)粉体技术的基本原理,以及利用这一技术制备出的(纳米)粉体材料在含能材料、宫内节育器、气敏传感器、聚合物基有序纳米复合材料和氧化铝基陶瓷复合材料制备等领域应用情况。  相似文献   

8.
聚合物基PTC热敏导电材料的性能及机理研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
针对PTC材料体系,提出了“PTC强度可提高空间”与“体系提高PTC强度的能力”两个概念,以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)作为基体,以导电炭黑作为填充导电粒子,制备了聚合物基复合型PTC材料,详细分析了炭黑含量、EVA含量对PTC材料性能的影响.研究表明,所提出的有关概念可用于分析材料的PTC效应机理及各种因素的影响,有助于进一步对聚合物基PTC热敏导电材料作用机制的理解及研究;炭黑含量影响材料电阻率和PTC强度,炭黑含量取在逾渗区电阻率偏小处可得到较高的PTC强度;EVA含量不同时材料电阻率和PTC强度都有先减小后稍增大的现象。  相似文献   

9.
新型高聚物阻尼材料研究进展   总被引:32,自引:0,他引:32  
杨亦权  杜淼  郑强 《功能材料》2002,33(3):234-236
详细评述和分析近年来国内外宽温城高性能阻尼材料,智能型阻尼材料以及聚合物基复合阻尼材料研究的状况,探讨了制备高性能阻尼材料的新方法,展望了高聚物阻尼材料的应用前景。  相似文献   

10.
聚合物基透明导电材料研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
综述了网络掺杂聚合物、本征导电高聚物、超微导电颗粒/超细导电纤维真充聚合物等3种聚合物基透明导电材料的制备方法、研究历史和发展现状。  相似文献   

11.
高吸水性材料是可吸收自重几百倍甚至几千倍水的新型功能高分子材料,广泛应用于农业、卫生、医药、建筑等方面。根据高吸水性防灭火材料添加剂种类的不同对材料进行系统分类,详细介绍了材料的防灭火原理,总结了高吸水性防灭火材料的吸水保水性、稳定性、可燃烧性、可生物降解性等性能的研究,并简要概括了其国内外的研究和应用现状。  相似文献   

12.
提高高分子材料导电性能的方法,主要有掺杂、与其它材料复合、改变导电高分子的结构等方式。掺杂能够改变高分子材料中已有电子能带的能级,使得高分子中能带间的能量差减小,载流子迁移的阻力随之减小。与其它材料复合多为材料能提供载流子迁移的通道、与导电高分子材料形成大的共轭体系、改善链与链之间的有序性或增加复合物的紧密度,从而提高复合材料的导电性,与导电高分子复合的材料多为金属或金属氧化物、无机非金属纳米材料以及一些普通的有机高分子。改变导电高分子的结构能改善聚合物的规整度,提高其结晶度。导电高分子材料具有广泛的应用前景,今后需要在提高导电高分子电导率的同时改善其溶解性、加工性以及稳定性等综合性能,以实现导电高分子的实用化。  相似文献   

13.
Sulfonated polymers have found use as ion-exchange membranes for use in fuel cells, water purification, electroactive devices, and inorganic materials templating and synthesis. Improving the materials for these applications and opening up new applications requires the ability to synthesis targeted or more complex sulfonated polymers, which includes tailoring the chemistry (copolymerization across a wider range of solubility) and/or polymer architecture (block, graft, nanoparticle). This article will summarize the recent work using sulfonated monomers with substituted ammonium counterions as a versatile route for enabling this goal. Two main benefits of these monomers are as follows. First, they are useful for preparing amphiphilic copolymers, which is a challenge using traditional acidic or alkali salt forms of sulfonated monomers. Second, sulfonated polymers with substituted ammonium counterions are useful polymers for obtaining unique material properties, such as organo-gelation of low polarity solvents or obtaining ionic liquid polymers for the fabrication of solid polymer electrolytes.  相似文献   

14.
Achieving strong adhesion between wet materials (i.e., tissues and hydrogels) is challenging. Existing adhesives are weak, toxic, incompatible with wet and soft surfaces, or restricted to specific functional groups from the wet materials. The approach reported here uses biocompatible polymer chains to achieve strong adhesion and retain softness, but requires no functional groups from the wet materials. In response to a trigger, the polymer chains form a network, in topological entanglement with the two polymer networks of the wet materials, stitching them together like a suture at the molecular scale. To illustrate topological adhesion, pH is used as a trigger. The stitching polymers are soluble in water in one pH range but form a polymer network in another pH range. Several stitching polymers are selected to create strong adhesion between hydrogels in full range of pH, as well as between hydrogels and various porcine tissues (liver, heart, artery, skin, and stomach). The adhesion energy above 1000 J m?2 is achieved when the stitching polymer network elicits the hysteresis in the wet materials. The molecular suture can be designed to be permanent, transient, or removable on‐demand. The topological adhesion may open many opportunities in complex and diverse environments.  相似文献   

15.
High molecular weight statistical copolymers of 1,3-trimethylene carbonate (TMC) and D,L-lactide (DLLA) were synthesized and characterized with the aim of assessing their potential in the development of degradable and flexible materials for application in the biomedical field. Under the applied polymerization conditions (130 °C, 3 days using stannous octoate as a catalyst) monomer conversion was high or almost complete, and high molecular weight polymers (_M n above 170 000) were obtained. Significant improvement of the mechanical performance of these materials was observed in comparison to results previously reported for TMC and DLLA based copolymers of lower molecular weight. For the entire range of compositions the polymers are amorphous with a glass transition temperature ranging between –17 °C for poly(TMC) and 53 °C for poly(DLLA). The polymers vary from rubbers to stiff materials as the content of TMC decreases. All polymers are hydrophobic with very low equilibrium water absorption (<1.5 wt %). Thermal analyses and tensile tests were performed on polymer samples after water uptake. Due to a plasticizing effect of the water, the thermal properties, and consequently the mechanical performance, of the copolymers with higher content of DLLA were the most affected. After water absorption, the polymer mechanical behavior can change from glassy to rubbery, as observed for the copolymer with 80 mol % of DLLA. The obtained results suggest that these copolymers are promising candidates as biomaterials in the preparation of degradable medical devices and systems.  相似文献   

16.
Acrylic acid‐based and methacrylic acid‐based monomers are widely used for the manufacture of polymers, for polymer dispersions or for other specialty resins. Some of these applications cause interactions between the polymer and contact medium such as food contact materials, eyeglasses, contact lenses or toys. More specifically, migration of monomers from the polymer into the contact medium may occur, which needs to be evaluated for safety purposes. The objective of this study was to investigate the basic diffusion properties of acrylic polymers with respect to representative monomers in order to establish a scientific basis for migration modelling simulating the mass transport of monomers from the polymers when they are in contact with foods, human skin or body fluids such as sweat and saliva. For this purpose, 11 representative acrylic polymers containing five different acrylic monomers (MA, EA, BA, MMA and nBMA) were studied in extensive kinetic migrations experiments in contact with five different contact media (simulants) at three different temperatures (20°C, 40°C and 60°C). The simulants were selected according to the applications: toys were simulated by saliva simulant and articles coming in contact with human skin by sweat simulant. For food contact applications, water (aqueous foods), Miglyol 840 (Sasol, Witten, Germany) (fatty food) and Tenax® (Sigma‐Aldrich Corporation, Munich, Germany) (an adsorbent simulating dry foods) were selected. The diffusion coefficients (D) of the monomers in the polymer as well as partition coefficients between polymer and contact media were derived. It was found that those acrylic polymer materials used for rigid plastics applications exhibit extremely low diffusion behaviour, whereas acrylic polymer resins used for coating applications showed somewhat higher diffusion behaviour but this still at very low rates in comparison with other typical polymers used for the manufacture of food packaging materials. As a result, conservative polymer‐specific constants in support of migration modelling were established, and the specifications for the model general applicability were determined and specified. The parameter related to the polymers' intrinsic mobility is applicable to model migration of any other organic chemical substances, which may be present in acrylic polymers as potential migrants when they have comparable or higher molecular weights than the studied monomers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

17.
纤维素基可生物降解共混高分子材料的制备和性能   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
综述了近年来以纤维素为共混组分制备可生物降解高分子材料的研究进展,重点介绍了纤维素或纤维素衍生物与其它天然高分子(壳聚糖、蛋白质、淀粉等)以及可降解合成高分子(聚乙二醇、聚己内酯、聚乳酸等)共混材料的制备和性能,揭示了纤维素基可生物降解材料在某些应用领域替代石油基材料的潜力.  相似文献   

18.
目的 介绍生物基聚合物包装的研究进展,总结生物基聚合物包装材料的功能化。方法 综述目前生物基聚合物包装材料来源的分类,列举天然生物基聚合物、微生物合成的生物基聚合物和化学合成的生物基聚合物在食品包装方面的研究进展,总结生物基聚合物包装材料的功能化方向(抗菌、抗氧化、pH响应、光热响应等)。结论 生物基聚合物食品包装在绿色食品包装领域有较好的应用潜力。  相似文献   

19.
综述了聚合物基石墨烯及改性石墨烯纳米复合材料的研究进展.添加少量的石墨烯就可以显著提聚合物材料的各方面性能,因此,近年来石墨烯得到了学术界和工业界的高度关注,石墨烯、氧化石墨烯的改性,以及聚合物基石墨烯纳米复合材料被广泛研究.通过广泛的文献阅读对聚合物基石墨烯纳米复合材料的结构、制备方法以及性能进行了深入探讨.  相似文献   

20.
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation provides a promising method for sustainable freshwater production. However, high energy consumption of vapor generation fundamentally restricts practicality of solar-driven wastewater treatment. Here a facile strategy is reported to control the hydration of polymer network in hydrogels, where densely cross-linked polymers serving as a framework are functionalized by a highly hydratable polymeric network. The hydration of polymer chains generates a large amount of weakly bounded water molecules, facilitating the water evaporation. As a result, the hydrogel-based solar evaporator can extract water from a variety of contaminants such as salts, detergents, and heavy metal components using solar energy with long-term durability and stability. This work demonstrates an effective way to tune the interaction between water and materials at a molecular level, as well as an energy-efficient water treatment technology toward wastewater containing complex contaminants.  相似文献   

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