一种去除离焦粒子像的简便方法

记录着不同深度位置的粒子全息图在数值重构过程中由于直透光、孪生像的影响以及离焦粒子像的存在,导致了聚焦粒子再现像质量的下降.针对这一问题,本文提出一种数值处理方法来减小上述三因素对聚焦粒子再现像的影响.该方法通过对数值重构出的两个聚焦与非聚焦面上粒子复振幅相减,将直透光、孪生像和离焦粒子像对聚焦粒子的影响同时减小,因此提高和改善了聚焦粒子再现像的对比度.在同轴数字全息层析再现粒子场过程中,该方法适用于在某一聚焦面仅显示聚焦粒子.此外,该过程仅需要一张全息图,而且不需要对全息图做预前和后期处理.给出了简要理论以及仿真、实验结果.     

一种基于频谱分析的离焦深度自动对焦法

通过计算2幅不同离焦位置的图像频谱的径向分布,推算出目标物体的离焦深度,从而调 整镜头位置完成自动对焦。算法适用于任意目标物体,尽管是基于频谱的,但是并不需要计算离焦图像的频谱,算法精度可达4%,鲁棒性良好。     

Gyrator变换计算全息图及其新型编码方法

基于gyrator变换数值算法和计算全息理论提出了gyrator变换计算全息图,采用罗曼编码方法制作出了在不同变换角度下的gyrator变换计算全息图并实现了相应的数字再现,其再现规律与相关文献报道的gyrator变换全息图的再现规律一致,表明制作gyrator变换计算全息图是可行的。在此基础上提出了一种新的计算全息编码方法即梯形等效面积编码方法,该方法能有效提高在单个抽样单元中进行相位编码时的相位量化级数。应用该编码方法完成了傅里叶变换计算全息图的产生和数字再现的仿真实验,实验表明采用新型编码方法的离轴物体的计算全息图能实现零级衍射成像。采用新型编码方法也实现了gyrator变换计算全息图的产生和数字再现的仿真实验。上述实验结果表明本文提出的新型编码方法是可行的和有效的。     

基于离焦状态模糊显微图像反馈的微操作方法

提出了一种基于离焦状态模糊显微图像反馈的微操作方法,此方法关键在于提取离焦状态显微图像的三维位置信息.给出了基于系统辨识的显微图像深度信息提取方法和扫描线算法,分别用于提取离焦状态显微图像的深度信息和平面位置信息,上述方法在精度和效率两方面均达到在线应用水平.进一步,将上述方法应用于微操作机器人系统,成功完成了离焦状态双针互插实验.这样,微操作在聚焦状态和离焦状态下均可进行,也就将微操作机器人的工作空间在Z方向(光轴方向)进行了拓展,实验条件下,从聚焦区内约2μm范围扩展到聚焦带上下70μm.     

傅里叶变换同轴数字全息记录余弦变换谱系数

余弦变换广泛应用于图像和视频的压缩编码以及模式识别之中。余弦变换为实偶对称的傅里叶变换,把实偶对称物体传送到位于傅里叶变换透镜前焦面的空间光调制器上,采用单色均匀平面激光光波照射,则在后焦面上为光波复振幅分布为实偶对称物体的傅里叶变换,即为物体的余弦变换。由于余弦变换谱系数既有正实数又有负实数,提出了采用傅里叶变换同轴数字全息方法记录余弦变换谱系数,通过把数字全息图减去参考光光强和物光光强而得到余弦变换系数。理论推导和实验结果表明了该方法的可行性,该方法可应用于图像的快速余弦变换。     

光学显微镜下微小物体的三维重构

本文提出了基于数字图像处理和精密机械动作大于光学显微镜观察视野(0.647 min×0.483 mm)的微小物体的三维重构方法.该方法首先运用光学聚焦原理采集不同焦平面上的图像组序列,采用图像拼接算法,拼接出研究对象的整体图像.然后采用图像块分割算法和灰度差分算子对图像序列进行分析.最后结合聚焦合成的叠合算法快速地实现了微小物体的三维重构.实验表明,该方法简单有效,所生成的三维重构效果图提供了微小物体的更加丰富的信息.     

采用BP神经网络优化的振动信号压缩感知方法

无线传感网络逐渐应用于结构健康监测,但是因能耗问题难以实现长期、高频的数据采集工作。压缩感知技术可利用少量的采样点重构原始信号,有望降低无线传感网络的能耗。实测振动信号因受到噪声干扰而导致稀疏性有限,常用于压缩感知的LASSO算法难以精确求解稀疏系数,进而影响振动信号重构效果。引入BP神经网络优化LASSO算法解得的稀疏系数,BP神经网络经ADAM优化算法训练后,可有效提升振动信号重构精度。用三层框架结构的模拟加速度数据和广州塔的监测加速度数据验证方法的有效性,并探讨了正则化参数和优化迭代次数的影响。结果表明,基于BP神经网络优化的压缩感知方法的信号重构效果在不同压缩率下均优于非优化的压缩感知方法。     

同轴数字全息视频动态跟踪处理实验

用数字全息进行动态观测时,由于不同物体记录距离不同,且不断地变化,再现像不能始终处于清晰状态。本文提出了利用同轴数字全息视频技术实现在三维空间内对运动物体进行连续动态观测的方法,研究了其中的动态跟踪聚焦算法和视频处理算法。利用上一帧再现像中观测物体的中心位置作为下一帧全息再现中聚焦窗口的中心位置,使聚焦窗口始终跟随观测目标移动,从而保证处理全息视频时每一帧再现像都能准确自动聚焦,使再现视频中要观测的目标始终处于清晰状态。采用上一帧的聚焦距离为下一帧再现距离的搜索中心、避免处理不同全息图时的重复运算等方式来提高数字全息视频的处理速度。实验结果表明,本文提出的数字全息视频成像技术能实现在三维空间内对某一特定运动物体进行连续动态观测。     

一种基于压缩感知的全变分图像去噪算法

针对传统图像去噪方法的不足,提出了一种基于压缩感知的全变分正则化图像去噪算法,利用基于压缩感知算法中的TVAL3算法对含噪图像进行图像重构和噪声去除.通过对比该算法与OMP(Orthogonal matching pursuit,OMP)与SP(Subspace pursuit,SP)算法的峰值信噪比和重构时间,发现在采样率为0.4和0.8时,该算法的峰值信噪比提高都在3dB以上,时间方面也有明显提升;随着采样率的提升,算法所需的迭代次数越来越少;采样率为0.4时,所需的迭代次数为78次,但采样率在0.8时,迭代次数减少到57次,所需时间越来越短.实验结果表明,该算法的重构效果明显优于其它压缩感知重建算法,能够很好地进行图像重构和噪声去除.     

基于生成对抗网络的压缩感知图像重构方法

目的为了解决传统压缩感知图像重构方法存在的重构时间长、重构图像质量不高等问题,提出一种基于生成对抗网络的压缩感知图像重构方法。方法基于生成对抗网络思想设计一种由具有稀疏采样功能的鉴别器和具有图像重构功能的生成器组成的深度学习网络模型,利用对抗损失和重构损失2个部分组成的新的损失函数对网络参数进行优化,完成图像压缩重构过程。结果实验表明,文中方法在12.5%的低采样率下重构时间为0.009s,相较于常用的OMP算法、CoSaMP算法、SP算法和IRLS算法,其峰值信噪比(PSNR)提高了10～12 dB。结论文中设计的方法应用于图像重构时重构时间短,在低采样率下仍能获得高质量的重构效果。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

＂Three Transformations＂ and Standardization

During his inspection in Henan Province in May, Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed to ＂push forward the transformation from China Speed to China Quality, from Made in China to Created in China, and from Chinese Products to Chinese Brand＂. The ＂Three Transformations＂ are the specific requirements and goal of China＇s national development in the context that market should play a decisive role in the allocation of resources.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

SAC Delegation Visits AENOR and Signs Cooperation Agreements

正SAC Administrator Tian Shihong led the Chinese delegation to visit the Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification(AENOR)on September 15,2014.Mrs.Begona Cristeto,the Vice-Minister of Industry,Energy and Tourism of Spain,and Mr.Avelino Brito,the President and CEO of AENOR greeted the delegation.The two sides had a deep and friendly discussion on strengthening the cooperation between China and Spain in the standardization field and promoting the standardization work to support the development of economy and trade in the two countries.