脉冲激光沉积技术制备薄膜锂电池

脉冲激光沉积(pulsed laser deposition,PLD)是20世纪80年代发展起来的一种全新的制备薄膜技术,具有沉积速率高,再现性能好等优点.近年来,利用PLD技术在全固态薄膜锂电池的研究中取得许多有意义的结果.一系列新型、高质量的电池薄膜材料被成功制备;原位组装的薄膜锂电池表现出良好的电化学性能.本文简要介绍了PLD技术的原理和特点;重点评述PLD在全固态薄膜锂电池阴极薄膜、阳极薄膜和电解质薄膜制备中的应用状况.     

全固态3D薄膜锂离子电池的研究进展

全固态三维薄膜锂离子电池能量密度高、自放电率低、充放电循环性能优良、安全可靠,可以设计成任意形状集成至微电子器件中,是最具前景的微电池之一。从电池构架角度,对全固态3D薄膜锂电池进行分类并概述其发展现状,分析了不同构架3D电池的优势和存在的问题,同时展望了薄膜电池的发展方向和应用前景。     

全固态薄膜锂离子电池负极和电解质材料的研究进展

全固态薄膜锂离子电池是锂离子电池的最新研究领域,薄膜化的负极、电解质材料是全固态薄膜锂离子电池的重要组成部分.主要对碳基材料、锡基材料、硅基材料,合金等全固态薄膜锂离子电池负极材料和电解质薄膜材料近几年来的研究状况进行了综述,并展望了其发展趋势.     

全固态锂离子电池V2O5阴极薄膜研究进展

全固态薄膜锂离子电池由于具有能量密度高、循环性能和安全性能好等优点已成为目前研究的热点.其中,V2O5薄膜是锂离子电池中一种备受重视的阴极材料.对V2O5薄膜的离子扩散系数以及结构特点做了简单介绍,重点评述了V2O5薄膜电极制备和电化学性能研究方面的发展近况,并对今后的发展方向进行了展望.     

全固态薄膜锂充电电池的研究进展

全固态薄膜锂充电电池由于安全可靠性强、能量密度大、工作电压高、循环寿命长等诸多优点已经成为微型电子器件匹配电源的良好选择.阴极、阳极、固体电解质材料是全固态薄膜锂充电电池的重要组成部分,对于其开发和研究十分重要.综述了目前应用较多的阴极、阳极及固体电解质材料,并阐述了其物理特性、电化学性能和主要的制备方法;电池结构设计同样影响着整个电池的性能,介绍了电池结构对充放电特性的影响,且展望了其今后的研究热点和发展方向.     

无机固体电解质Li_7La_3Zr_2O_(12)的研究进展

目前,采用固体电解质代替传统电解液发展新型全固态锂离子电池,已成为解决电池安全问题、提高电池储能密度的一项重要的技术方法。固体电解质材料作为全固态锂电池的核心,它的性能很大程度上决定了电池的各项性能指标。迄今被研究过的无机固体电解质材料有很多,包括NASICON型、LISICON型、钙钛矿型和石榴石型等晶态固体电解质,和氧化物及硫化物等玻璃态固体电解质,其中石榴石型结构的Li_7La_3Zr_2O_(12)材料具有优异的综合电化学性能,使其更具实际应用潜力和研究价值。实验与理论计算结果表明该材料具有较高的锂离子电导率(10~(-4)～10~(-3)S·cm~(-1)),能与负极金属锂及大部分正极材料稳定接触,电化学窗口高达6 V。根据近年来国内外在该类材料上的研究现状,主要从Li7La3Zr2O12的晶体结构特征、制备方法及掺杂改性等方面进行了详细介绍,最后阐述了Li_7La_3Zr_2O_(12)固态电解质材料在全固态锂电池中的发展前景及面临的挑战。     

均苯型聚酰亚胺锂电池复合隔膜的电化学性能

为了替代传统的聚烯烃微孔膜,对均苯型聚酰亚胺(ODA/PMDA)复合锂电池隔膜进行了研究。制备的聚酰亚胺(PI)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)复合膜孔径在0.2μm左右,孔径大小适宜,孔径分布均匀;复合隔膜具有较高的孔隙率和离子电导率。PI/PET复合膜较好的耐热性,使复合膜组装的锂电池具有安全性和较好的电池性能。电池性能测试表明,复合膜组装的锂电池具有优良的放电容量保持率和大倍率放电性能。     

全固态薄膜锂电池0.3Ag-V2O5|LiPON|Li的制备及电化学性能

采用紫外脉冲激光沉积 (PLD) 法制备了0.3Ag-V2O5和LiPON薄膜,结合真空热蒸镀法原位组装0.3Ag-V2O5|LiPON|Li薄膜电池.由扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征了0.3Ag-V2O5和LiPON薄膜形貌与结构,利用恒电流充放电、循环伏安等技术考察了薄膜电池的电化学性能.结果表明,采用PLD方法在O2气氛和N2气氛中分别获得了表面均匀、无针孔、无裂缝、具有非晶态结构的0.3Ag-V2O5和LiPON薄膜.在电压1.0～4.0V,充放电速率2C时,以厚度100nm的0.3Ag-V2O5薄膜为阴极组装的液态电解质电池循环1000次后稳定容量仍为260mAh/g,表现出良好的循环性能.PLD沉积的LiPON电解质薄膜具有很好的锂离子导电能力,室温离子电导率为1.6×10-6S/cm,电子电导率＜10-14S/cm.在电流密度7μA/cm2,电压1.0～3.5V条件下全固态薄膜锂电池0.3Ag-V2O5│LiPON│Li的循环性能良好,100次循环后的体积比容量达.     

锂磷氧氮电解质在无机薄膜锂电池中的应用

锂磷氧氮(LiPON,lithium phosphorous oxynitride)薄膜具有较高的离子电导率,极低的电子电导率,很宽的电化学稳定窗口等优点而成为全固态无机薄膜锂电池首选的电解质材料.简要介绍了LiPON薄膜的特性与制备方法,综述了国内外LiPON薄膜为电解质的薄膜锂电池的研究情况,并简要评述了目前薄膜锂电池制备中遇到的困难和今后的研究方向.     

全固态薄膜锂电池及薄膜电极材料研究进展

对全固态薄膜锂电池及其薄膜电极材料的研究进展进行了综述.分析了薄膜锂电池成为发展热点的客观原因;系统归纳了阴极薄膜、电解质薄膜和阳极薄膜材料及其制备技术研究进展;同时,对薄膜锂电池及其电极材料发展前景进行了展望.     

Issue and challenges facing rechargeable thin film lithium batteries

New materials hold the key to fundamental advances in energy conversion and storage, both of which are vital in order to meet the challenge of global warming and the finite nature of fossil fuels. Nanomaterials in particular offer unique properties or combinations of properties as electrodes and electrolytes in a range of energy devices. Technological improvements in rechargeable solid-state batteries are being driven by an ever-increasing demand for portable electronic devices. Lithium batteries are the systems of choice, offering high energy density, flexible, lightweight design and longer lifespan than comparable battery technologies. We present a brief historical review of the development of lithium-based thin film rechargeable batteries highlight ongoing research strategies and discuss the challenges that remain regarding the discovery of nanomaterials as electrolytes and electrodes for lithium batteries also this article describes the possible evolution of lithium technology and evaluates the expected improvements, arising from new materials to cell technology. New active materials under investigation and electrode process improvements may allow an ultimate final energy density of more than 500 Wh/L and 200 Wh/kg, in the next 5–6 years, while maintaining sufficient power densities. A new rechargeable battery technology cannot be foreseen today that surpasses this. This report will provide key performance results for thin film batteries and highlight recent advances in their development.     

A Revolution in Electrodes: Recent Progress in Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

As a promising candidate for future batteries, the lithium–sulfur battery is gaining increasing interest due to its high capacity and energy density. However, over the years, lithium–sulfur batteries have been plagued by fading capacities and the low Coulombic efficiency derived from its unique electrochemical behavior, which involves solid–liquid transition reactions. Moreover, lithium–sulfur batteries employ metallic lithium as the anode, which engenders safety vulnerability of the battery. The electrodes play a pivotal role in the performance of lithium–sulfur batteries. A leap forward in progress of lithium–sulfur batteries is always accompanied by a revolution in the electrode technology. In this review, recent progress in rechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries is summarized in accordance with the evolution of the electrodes, including the diversified cathode design and burgeoning metallic‐lithium‐free anodes. Although the way toward application has still many challenges associated, recent progress in lithium–sulfur battery technology still paints an encouraging picture of a revolution in rechargeable batteries.     

Electrochemical performance of CuO nanocrystal film fabricated by room temperature sputtering

To develop high performance anode materials for thin film batteries, copper oxide (CuO) film is fabricated at room temperature by reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Morphological characterization shows that the CuO film consists of compacted CuO columnar grains of 20 nm in diameter and 200 nm in thickness. The measurement of lithium storage capacity and cyclability of the CuO film show that the first charge capacity of the film is 585 mAh g⁻¹ with an efficiency of 68.3% at a current density of 200 mA g⁻¹. After the 50th cycle, the capacity retention remains as high as 97.4%. The nanostructured CuO film also shows a good rate capability even being cycled at 3000 mA g⁻¹ (5 C), demonstrating that the CuO film can be a promising material as an anode for high performance thin film batteries, especially for thin film battery with amorphous electrolyte.     

The Regulating Role of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in Lithium‐Ion and Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

The ever‐increasing demands for batteries with high energy densities to power the portable electronics with increased power consumption and to advance vehicle electrification and grid energy storage have propelled lithium battery technology to a position of tremendous importance. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, known with many appealing properties, are investigated intensely for improving the performance of lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) and lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. However, a general and objective understanding of their actual role in Li‐ion and Li–S batteries is lacking. It is recognized that CNTs and graphene are not appropriate active lithium storage materials, but are more like a regulator: they do not electrochemically react with lithium ions and electrons, but serve to regulate the lithium storage behavior of a specific electroactive material and increase the range of applications of a lithium battery. First, metrics for the evaluation of lithium batteries are discussed, based on which the regulating role of CNTs and graphene in Li‐ion and Li–S batteries is comprehensively considered from fundamental electrochemical reactions to electrode structure and integral cell design. Finally, perspectives on how CNTs and graphene can further contribute to the development of lithium batteries are presented.     

薄膜型锂离子电池正极材料研究进展

简要介绍了近年来磁控溅射和脉冲激光沉积制膜技术在薄膜型锂离子电池正极材料制备方面的应用研究; 对制膜新工艺及新型正极材料的研究现状进行了概括,认为现阶段新型材料LiFePO4有希望成为薄膜锂电池正极材料的首选,并展望了薄膜型锂离子电池的发展前景.     

Plasma assisted and manipulated deposition of thin film electrodes for micro batteries

The properties of the thin film electrodes have been the main factors for the performances of lithium or lithium ion micro batteries, i.e. thin film batteries. In this paper, plasma assisted and manipulated techniques have been developed for the fabrication of polycrystalline thin film cathodes, and of amorphous/nano-crystalline thin film anodes. The thin film electrodes were deposited by magnetron sputtering under precisely controlled plasma conditions. The deposition apparatuses were designed to obtain the desired film properties by equipping a long anode-shield or an inductive coil. Polycrystalline LiMn₂O₄ thin film cathodes with a smooth surface were deposited, which greatly reduced the cathode/electrolyte interface resistances. Amorphous/nano-crystalline Sn thin film anodes were obtained free of plasma induced large grains, which enhanced the cycling stability. The results have demonstrated that by careful designs of deposition apparatus the plasma conditions can be precisely controlled and therefore the thin film electrodes of desired properties can be obtained.