聚氨酯阻尼材料研究进展

传统聚氨酯阻尼材料由于玻璃化转变温度范围较窄及阻尼损耗性能较弱的问题,通常需要对其进行结构设计或改性以提升阻尼性能。本文从传统设计方法和新型设计方法两个角度综述了聚氨酯阻尼材料的最新研究进展,包括互穿聚合物网络、构建超分子结构、引入动态键和构建梯度/渐变结构等,讨论了不同设计方法对聚氨酯阻尼材料阻尼性能的影响。同时,还探讨了聚氨酯阻尼材料在结合压电效应、自修复性能和形状记忆功能等方面的拓展,提出了多功能化和智能化是聚氨酯阻尼材料的发展重点。最后展望了聚氨酯阻尼材料面临的挑战和发展方向。     

新型阻尼材料的研究进展

阐述了阻尼材料在实际使用中的地位和意义,简单介绍了阻尼材料的阻尼原理、分类和测试方法、阻尼机理等内容.回顾了阻尼材料的发展历史,并详细评述和分析了近年来国内外有关阻尼材料的研究进展,包括高分子阻尼材料、复合阻尼材料和结构阻尼等.笔者认为,综合分析以上几种阻尼材料,考虑实际工程的应用,对复合阻尼材料和结构阻尼的设计和研究十分必要.最后简要展望了阻尼材料的研究前景.     

阻尼材料的应用

重点阐述了阻尼材料在汽车工业、建筑工程、舰船工业、航空航天业、电子机械设备以及日常生活方面的应用 ,并对阻尼材料的应用发展提出了展望     

聚合物阻尼材料研究进展

阐述了聚合物阻尼材料的阻尼机理及主要的几种阻尼性能的评价方法.重点介绍了国内外互穿聚合物网络阻尼材料和复合阻尼材料的研究现状.     

复合阻尼材料最新研究进展

介绍了复合阻尼材料研究的最新进展,包括阻尼赋予剂、压电阻尼材料和稀土永磁阻尼材料等3种新型复合阻尼材料,同时评述了相关阻尼机理及阻尼性能的评价方法等.     

高分子阻尼材料进展

对高分子阻尼材料，尤其对聚氨酯互穿聚合物网络阻尼材料和聚丙烯酸酯ＴＰＮ阻尼材料进行了全面的综述，并对高分子阻尼材料的研究，应用以及发展趋势作了较详细的介绍。     

高分子阻尼材料

高分子阻尼材料可以抑制噪声和结构共振,其应用范围是非常广泛的。轮船,潜艇,飞机,宇宙飞船、导弹的发射体系、车辆、机器的结构部件、仪表板、隔声板等,都需要阻尼材料。此外,从环保要求出发,这种材料也是非常重要的。 通常使用的结构材料,阻尼性能大不相同,其中以高分子材料的阻尼系数最大(表1)〔1〕。Clothier(2)在1976年曾对制备阻尼材料的方法及阻尼处理工艺进行过综述评论。     

高分子阻尼材料的研究进展

本文介绍了高分子阻尼材料的研究进展,包括复合阻尼材料、智能阻尼材料等.展望了高分子阻尼材料的发展前景.     

弹性体阻尼材料的研究进展

弹性体阻尼材料具有独特的动态粘弹性行为,被广泛应用于减震、降噪等多个领域。在实际应用过程中,弹性体阻尼材料常面临有效阻尼温域窄、损耗因子较低的问题。拓宽有效阻尼温域、提高损耗因子是目前开发高性能弹性体阻尼材料的主要方向。从弹性体阻尼材料的阻尼机理出发,阐述了分子链形态与结构、温度及振动频率、弹性体组成体系对弹性体阻尼材料阻尼性能的影响。介绍了弹性体阻尼材料的改性方法及近几年来的最新研究进展。     

新型高聚物阻尼材料研究进展

详细评述和分析近年来国内外宽温城高性能阻尼材料，智能型阻尼材料以及聚合物基复合阻尼材料研究的状况，探讨了制备高性能阻尼材料的新方法，展望了高聚物阻尼材料的应用前景。     

多层粘弹阻尼复合结构阻尼性能的研究

制备了多层粘弹阻尼复合结构，并研究了其阻尼性能．实验结果表明，多层粘弹弱约束阻尼复合结构的阻尼性能优于多层粘弹自由阻尼复合结构的阻尼性能．     

Damping in composite materials: Properties and models

The present review aims at gathering the available literature on damping in composite materials. A chronological review of test methods for damping estimation is presented in order to describe the time-line of the theoretical knowledge development in this field. In the last years many new material configurations have emerged that deserve investigation, such as nano-composites, hybrid laminates and sandwich materials. Damping models specifically meant for non-homogeneous materials are reported to provide a background for understanding this problem. Although not widely exploited yet, fibre reinforced polymers has the potential to be tailored for damping by acting on constituents, geometry and boundary conditions. Nano-composites, for instance, are shown to possess a high potential for damping purposes. New hybrid and sandwich-type structures are emerging as noise and vibration control solutions in lightweight applications. The effort devoted to mathematical and numerical model in view of Finite Element integration of damping properties is also addressed. Finally, the conclusions summarise the ideas of the authors on needed steps to advance the state-of-the-art in each of the described topic.     

Advances in damping materials and technology

In the continual search for better damping materials and technologies, significant advances have been made of late. Functionally gradient materials, liquid crystal polymers, magnetostrictive materials and plasma deposited damping coatings are some of the novel materials and technologies being investigated in the Dynamics Research Group at the University of Sheffield. This article presents an overview of the work being carried out in these areas.     

羧基丁苯/受阻酚阻尼材料的性能研究

通过向极性的橡胶基体羧基丁苯(CSBR)中添加受阻酚,制备了一系列羧基丁苯/受阻酚阻尼材料.通过动态力学分析表明,受阻酚与基体CSBR具有较好的相溶性,并且该类材料具有很好的阻尼性能.这种材料中受阻酚与基体橡胶形成了分子间的氢键,在受到交变的机械应力作用下,氢键会断裂而消耗大量的能量,从而具有良好的阻尼性能.这类材料的玻璃化转变温度较高,损耗因子(tanδ)出峰位置都高于室温,这类阻尼材料可以应用于室温附近,解决了橡胶材料只能用作低温阻尼材料使用的问题.     

Shape-memory materials and hybrid composites for smart systems: Part I Shape-memory materials

A review is presented of the current research and development of shape-memory materials, including shape-memory alloys, shape-memory ceramics and shape-memory polymers. The shape-memory materials exhibit some novel performances, such as sensoring (thermal, stress or field), large-stroke actuation, high damping, adaptive responses, shape memory and superelasticity capability, which can be utilized in various engineering approaches to smart systems. Based on an extensive literature survey, the various shape-memory materials are outlined, with special attention to the recently developed or emerged materials. The basic phenomena in the materials, that is, the stimulus-induced phase transformations which result in the unique performance and govern the remarkable changes in properties of the materials, are systematically lineated. The remaining technical barriers, and the challenges to improve the present materials system and develop a new shape memory materials are discussed.     

A phenomenological theory of hysteresis damping of vibrations in ferromagnetic materials

The hysteresis damping of vibrations in magnetostrictive polycrystalline ferromagnetic materials is investigated theoretically. The constitutive relation for applied moment and twisted angle in torsion is derived directly from the stress-strain constitutive relation. Precise damping characteristics of torsional vibrations of ferromagnetic wires are obtained in small amplitudes and in large amplitudes after the saturation of magnetostriction.     

纳米SiO_2对混凝土材料阻尼性能的改良研究

利用自主开发的三点弯曲梁阻尼测试装置对不同掺量纳米SiO2混凝土的阻尼性能进行了测试,通过X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜研究了不同掺量纳米SiO2对混凝土微观结构的影响,并对其阻尼增强机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明纳米SiO2掺量为4%时混凝土材料的损耗因子最大,为素混凝土的2.41倍,综合考虑成本、流动性、强度和阻尼等因素确定纳米SiO2的最优掺量为3%;纳米SiO2掺入混凝土中后,与之发生二次水化反应,使得混凝土中六方板状Ca（OH）2晶粒数量减少;纳米SiO2对于混凝土的阻尼增强机理在于纳米SiO2的掺入使得混凝土材料的内接触面数量增多,在外力作用下使应力不均匀分布增加,从而提高了材料摩擦阻尼耗能的能力。     

金属橡胶材料的动态力学模型

提出了用等效粘性阻尼理论和试验相结合，建立金属橡胶材料动态力学模型的一种新方法，用此方法，把金属橡胶材料的阻尼耗能机理等效为粘性阻尼，金属橡胶的恢复力由高阶非线性多项式和等效的粘性阻尼力叠加而成、模型中考虑了振幅和频率的影响，参数可通过试验数据辨识出来．用所建模型可以重新构造其它振幅和频率下的恢复力与位移的滞后曲线，得到了金属橡胶材料阻尼特性在振幅和频率影响下的变化规律．     

Documentation of damping capacity of metallic,ceramic and metal-matrix composite materials

High-damping materials allow undesirable mechanical vibration and wave propagation to be passively suppressed. This proves valuable in the control of noise and the enhancement of vehicle and instrument stability. Accordingly, metallurgists are continually working toward the development of high-damping metals (hidamets) and high-damping metal-matrix composites (MMCs). MMCs become particularly attractive in weight-critical applications when the matrix and reinforcement phases are combined to provide high-damping and low-density characteristics. In selecting the constituents for an MMC, one would like to have damping capacity data for several prospective component materials. Based upon data which have been published in the scientific literature, a concise documentation is given of the damping capacity of materials by three categories: (a) metals and alloys, (b) ceramic materials, and (c) MMCs.