海洋沉积物的分析及表面有机—无机成分的表征

用 ICP—AES 及 ICP—MS 方法对香港12个海洋沉积物及厦门9个海洋沉积物中的有毒重金属元素进行了相态分析;用 GC—MS 方法分析了这两个地区海洋沉积物中的 PAH's;用多种表面分析技术对海洋沉积物表面无机—有机组分的相互作用进行了表征。根据实验结果对香港及厦门地区的环境污染状况行了评价。     

阳极溶出伏安法测定海洋沉积物中的铅和镉

海洋沉积物经硝酸-高氯酸-硝酸消解后,以高氯酸做支持电解质,采用阳极溶出伏安法的标准加入法,连续测定海洋沉积物中的铅和镉时,铅和镉的半波电位稳定,峰形对称。方法的重复性好、准确度高,可以作为一种测定海洋沉积物中铅和镉含量的使用方法。     

基于随机子空间法的海洋平台模态特征实时提取方法研究

海洋平台结构模态特征实时提取是其结构健康监测的一项重要手段.针对传统随机子空间算法在有限测点下无法反映结构整体特征的问题,提出了一种改进的协方差驱动随机子空间模态实时提取方法.该方法基于一种新的Hankel元素重构方式,构建了结构实际空间信息与算法的相关性,并有效降低了计算矩阵的维度,从而显著提高了平台模态识别的准确度...     

面向军事海洋仪器的计量保障方法研究

<正>21世纪,计量保障作为武装力量最重要的技术保障之一,军事海洋水文计量已成为一体化海上水文气象指挥和作战平台的重要保证。西方军事强国非常重视计量保障在军事技术领域的重要作用,特别是美、     

一种从富含次生代谢产物茶树嫩叶中高效提取基因组DNA的方法

建立一种从富含次生代谢产物的茶树嫩叶中高效提取基因组DNA的方法。提出使用冷冻研磨机来破碎细胞,在确保低温环境保护下,快速、均匀地破碎茶树细胞,解决细胞破碎后易氧化、褐变的关键难点;同时在提取液中加入β-巯基乙醇等抗氧化剂进一步防止多酚类化合物的氧化;经过多次纯化有效去除多酚、多糖、蛋白质等杂质;所提取的基因组DNA经验证完整性好、纯度高,完全能进行酶切和聚合酶链式反应(PCR)。此外,进行系统性的方法学考察,结果表明该提取方法稳定、可靠、重现性好。该研究为茶树基因组DNA提取标准方法的建立奠定基础。     

燃煤电站利用飞灰脱汞的研究现状

汞的累积性及高毒性使其成为了未来主要的污染物控制对象之一,目前较为成熟的活性炭喷射技术平均汞脱除率能够达到80%-98%,但极高的运行成本仍然难于达到大范围商业推广的要求。飞灰作为燃煤电站的废弃物,成本极低,且同样具备汞捕集能力,某些飞灰的汞脱除能力甚至能够达到商业活性炭级别。本文对目前影响飞灰汞脱除率的研究进行了综述。综合讨论了烟气气氛、煤炭类型、飞灰含碳量、飞灰岩相结构等多种因素对飞灰汞脱除率的影响。明确了飞灰脱汞技术的可行性,以及未来亟待解决的问题。     

海洋鱼类资源的可持续利用和海洋鱼类科学技术的研究方向

积极实施海洋鱼类的增殖与养殖是海洋鱼类资源合理开发和可持续利用的基本措施和有效途径。因此,建立和提高海洋鱼类增殖与养殖的新技术,是近年来海洋生物技术的重要研究领域之一。海洋鱼类的生殖内分泌生理学、生长与发育生物学、免疫学、分子生物学等是海洋鱼类增殖与养殖的理论基础;系统深入地开展这些学科的基础研究和应用基础研究,成为当前海洋鱼类科学技术的前沿和主要发展方向。     

海洋运输中工程机械产品的防锈处理方法

为了解决工程机械产品在海洋运输中的防腐蚀问题,选用几种不同的防锈材料进行组合防锈处理,经过模拟试验得出最佳组合,并应用于出口产品上,收到良好效果.     

海洋平台压力容器检验的常见问题及检验方法

压力容器在海上平台原油处理中发挥中重要的作用,但也是重要的风险源,特别是随着服役时间的增长,压力容器安全运行的潜在风险加大,不仅威胁作业人员的安全,还有可能对海洋环境造成污染。因此,采用合适的检验方法 ,排除隐患,已经成为专业检验公司亟需解决的问题。本文介绍了压力容器检验中常见问题,分析了目前采用的几种检验方法的原理、特点等。     

A simple, valveless microfluidic sample preparation device for extraction and amplification of DNA from nanoliter-volume samples

A glass microdevice has been constructed for the on-line integration of solid-phase extraction (SPE) of DNA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on a single chip. The chromatography required for SPE in the microfluidic sample preparation device (muSPD) was carried out in a silica bead/sol-gel SPE bed, where the purified DNA was eluted directly into a downstream chamber where conventional thermocycling allowed for PCR amplification of specific DNA target sequences. Through rapid, simple passivation of the PCR chamber with a silanizing reagent, reproducible DNA extraction and amplification was demonstrated from complex biological matrixes in a manner amenable to any research laboratory, using only a syringe pump and a conventional thermocycler. The muSPD allowed for SPE concentration of DNA from 600 nL of blood coupled to subsequent on-chip amplification that yielded a detectable amplicon; this simple device can be applied to a variety of routine genetic analyses without the need for sophisticated instrumentation. In addition, the applicability of these developments to nonconventional thermocycling was demonstrated through the use of noncontact, IR-mediated heating. This was exemplified with the isolation of DNA from an anthrax spore-spiked nasal swab and the subsequent on-chip amplification of target DNA sequences in a total processing time of only 25 min.     

A simple experimental arrangement for measuring the vapour pressures and sublimation enthalpies by the Knudsen effusion method: Application to DNA and RNA bases

We measured the vapour pressure of several DNA and RNA bases—uracil, adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine—in the 300–450 K range. In each case the sample mass loss rate was measured as function of temperature with a simple setup consisting of a commercial film deposition system and a homemade oven. Afterwards vapour pressure values were extracted from these data using the Knudsen effusion method. Sublimation enthalpy values, obtained from vapour pressure data by applying the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, are in very good agreement with literature values. The results suggest that crystal-based film thickness monitors may be useful in on-line cross-section measurements, monitoring the gas target thickness. They also show the viability of using this oven for producing a biomolecular gas target.     

A simple route to synthesis and characterization of CoAl2O4 nanocrystalline via combustion method using egg white (ovalbumine) as a new fuel

Single phase of CoAl₂O₄ nanocrystalline spinel has been synthesized first time successively by combustion method using extracted egg white (ovalbumine) as new fuel. The prepared samples were characterized using XRD, TGA, DSC, TEM, BET, IR, UV-Vis and CIE L*a*b* colorimetric method. The average particle sizes were in the range 10.45-26.58 nm and fine agglomerates in a way that specific surface area up to 188.55 m² g⁻¹ could be obtained.     

A scheme to randomly generate surface dust points for the 3D complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM)

A scheme to randomly generate dust points on the surface of a three-dimensional (3D) object is proposed. This scheme will potentially eliminate the bias of a density of points which are approximately equally spaced on the surface, as well as eliminate possible weighting requirements for areas of higher density. This method has the potential to reduce computational effort, as fewer points might be required to define the surface area. The global trial function vector can be assigned to these dust points and then entered into the complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) commercial code. This scheme can be applied to each piece of a system that is comprised of a connected multiple geometry. A noticeable benefit of this approach is that the same problem can be studied several times, using a new random distribution of surface points each time. The smallest error can then be determined and that run selected. The Mathematica code used to generate the scheme is attached as an appendix.     

A practical density equation for saturated vapor of helium-3 from 0.01 K to the critical point

Based on the ideal gas state equation and the saturated vapor pressure equation of helium-3, a saturated vapor density equation is proposed, which can be applied for calculating the saturated vapor density of helium-3 from 0.01 K to the critical temperature. Above 1.4 K, the average deviation between the results by this equation and experimental data is about 0.66% and the maximum is 2%. Below 1.4 K, the results of this work show a comfortable agreement with those by virial state equation (the deviations are generally within 0.1%). Based on this new vapor density equation, the compressibility factor of saturated vapor is determined and the vaporization heat is calculated.     

Preparation of H-bar cross-sectional specimen for in situ TEM straining experiments: A FIB-based method applied to a nitrided Ti-6Al-4V alloy

The in situ tensile straining of cross-sectional specimens inside a TEM is intrinsically very difficult to perform despite its obvious interest to study interfaces of surface treated materials. We have combined a FIB-based method to produce H-bar specimens of a nitrided Ti-6Al-4V alloy and in situ TEM straining stage, to successfully study the plastic deformation mechanisms that are activated close to the nitrided surface in the Ti-based alloy.