炭黑填充橡胶超弹性本构模型的选取策略

橡胶材料超弹性本构参数的精确性是影响橡胶结构有限元计算精度的关键因素。对炭黑填充橡胶材料进行单轴拉伸(ST)、平面拉伸(PT)以及等双轴拉伸(ET)等三类基本变形试验,考察6种常见超弹性本构模型对试验数据的拟合能力,探讨在三类基本试验不齐全情况下超弹性本构模型的预测能力和模型选取策略。结果表明,为尽量准确地描述橡胶材料的大变形和复杂变形行为,根据基本变形试验数据的齐全程度,对超弹性本构模型应采取不同的选取策略。在ST、PT和ET基本变形试验齐全的情况下,依次优先选用Ogden(N=3)、Yeoh和Arruda-Boyce模型;只有两类基本变形试验时,应包括ET试验,这时Ogden(N=3)模型对第三类变形行为给出准确模拟;仅有ST试验时,优先选取Arruda-Boyce模型。     

一种基于Seth应变张量的超弹性模型

为精确表征橡胶类材料在大变形范围内的力学行为,基于Seth应变张量不变量提出了一种适用于橡胶类材料的不可压缩各向同性超弹性模型。为考察其预测能力,分别利用Treloar经典试验数据和某型炭黑填充橡胶试验数据对该模型、Yeoh模型和二阶多项式模型进行了参数识别。结果表明,在同时使用单轴拉伸和等双轴拉伸试验数据情况下,相较于其他两种常用模型,该模型能够更准确地拟合两种橡胶材料的试验数据,并较好地预测纯剪切(或平面拉伸)试验数据。最后,分别基于前述三种超弹性模型对橡胶衬套进行了静刚度仿真计算和试验验证。结果表明,基于所提出的超弹性模型得到的径向刚度和轴向刚度仿真误差分别为6.61%和9.72%,显著小于基于其他两种模型得到的仿真误差。因此,提出的模型在一定误差范围内能够有效适用于橡胶产品的性能分析。该模型仅含4个材料参数,对不同的橡胶材料有较好地适用性,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

考虑双拉耦合的复合材料编织物各向异性超弹性本构模型

为了准确描述复合材料编织物的各向异性力学特性,首先,基于纤维增强复合材料连续介质力学理论提出了一种考虑纤维双拉耦合的复合材料编织物各向异性超弹性本构模型,该模型中单位体积的应变能被解耦为便于参数识别的纤维拉伸变形能、双拉耦合引起的挤压变形能和纤维间角度变化产生的剪切变形能;然后,给出了模型参数的确定方法,并通过拟合单轴拉伸、双轴拉伸和镜框剪切实验数据得到了本构模型参数;最后,利用该模型对双轴拉伸和镜框剪切实验进行了数值仿真,并将模拟结果与实验结果对比分析。结果表明:提出的本构模型适用于表征复合材料编织物在成型过程中由于大变形引起的非线性各向异性力学行为。所得结论表明提出的本构模型具有简单、实用的优点,且材料参数容易确定,可为复合材料编织物成型的数值模拟和工艺优化奠定理论基础。     

橡胶隔振器静态力-位移关系计算方法的研究

测试了橡胶试片在单轴向拉伸、等双轴拉伸和平面剪切应力-应变状态下的应力-应变关系。利用测试得到橡胶试片在不同状态下应力-应变关系，和应用不同的本构模型，拟合得到了不同模型的材料常数。以两个橡胶悬置为研究对象，对橡胶隔振器进行三向静态力-位移特性分析，并与测试值进行对比。橡胶悬置1主要承受拉压变形或剪切变形，而悬置2则同时承受拉压和剪切变形。以悬置1和悬置2为研究对象，应用Mooney-Rivlin本构模型，计算分析了利用不同应力－应变状态得到的本构模型常数对橡胶隔振器力－位移关系计算结果的影响。以悬置2为研究对象，采用同一种应力－应变状态获取的本构模型常数，分析了本构模型对橡胶隔振器静态力-位移特性计算结果的影响。     

高水头闸门止水材料超弹性与粘弹性本构研究

首先针对闸门止水橡胶的超弹性能对其数值分析起决定性作用.根据止水橡胶单双轴拉伸和纯剪切实验,得到了其名义应力应变曲线;对通用的橡胶本构模型进行了系统的对比与分析,给出了在实验数据齐全和不全情况下,止水橡胶数值仿真最优本构模型;其次采用不同的橡胶粘弹性本构模型,通过对某超高坝底孔闸门止水有限元计算,得出止水应力松弛失效时间,通过与闸门实际运行资料对比,得出burgers本构模型是最合理的;改变了以往设计阶段采用标准线性固体模型来预测止水失效时间的做法。本研究为止水的生产设计提供了系统的参考,具有较高的理论意义与实用价值。     

高水头闸门止水材料超弹性与黏弹性本构研究

首先针对闸门止水橡胶的超弹性能对其数值分析起决定性作用.根据止水橡胶单双轴拉伸和纯剪切实验,得到了其名义应力应变曲线;对通用的橡胶本构模型进行了系统的对比与分析,给出了在实验数据齐全和不全情况下,止水橡胶数值仿真最优本构模型;其次采用不同的橡胶黏弹性本构模型,通过对某超高坝底孔闸门止水有限元计算,得出止水应力松弛失效时间,通过与闸门实际运行资料对比,得出burgers本构模型是最合理的;改变了以往设计阶段采用标准线性固体模型来预测止水失效时间的做法。该研究为止水的生产设计提供了系统的参考,具有较高的理论意义与实用价值。     

橡胶隔振器大变形有限元分析

以橡胶隔振器为研究对象,基于超弹性本构模型,对拉伸、压缩、剪切状态下分别进行有限元计算,探讨橡胶等不可压缩材料大变形有限元建模技术;重点研究橡胶结构不同受载方式下变形模式及有限元分析所需要的材料试验数据。经与试验结果对比分析,得到隔振器三种状态下,填充超弹本构模型最优的材料数据类型,为橡胶结构件的数值模拟提供有益参考。     

一种基于帘线/橡胶复合材料细观力学的精确建模方法

为研究适应性底座的受压膨胀力学特性,提出了一种基于纤维帘线/橡胶复合材料细观力学的精确建模方法.该方法建立在帘线与橡胶材料参数的准确取值这一基础上,其中橡胶材料采用Mooney-Rivilin本构模型进行描述,通过拉伸试验验证了本构模型的准确性,基于束帘线拉伸试验规律对帘线拉伸模量进行了修正.通过上述方法,对适应性橡胶底座受压膨胀过程进行了数值模拟与试验研究.结果表明:这一精确建模方法能够较好地模拟底座的受压膨胀特性,能够获取底座中帘线与橡胶材料的应力、应变的分布以及二者的变化规律.研究工作为适应性底座的进一步研究和实际应用提供了技术支撑.     

2.5D C/SiC复合材料连续损伤本构模型

基于连续损伤力学建立了一种包含拉伸与剪切损伤变量的2.5DC/SiC复合材料连续损伤本构模型。分别开展了拉伸和剪切试验,获得应力-应变曲线,并通过拟合试验曲线获得各损伤变量的演化参数。采用子程序技术将本构模型嵌入商用有限元软件ANSYS,应用有限元法计算了材料的应力-应变曲线。考虑了拉剪损伤耦合效应,计算了偏轴拉伸情况下的应力-应变曲线。结果表明:沿经纱拉伸、沿纬纱拉伸以及面内剪切的应力-应变曲线与试验结果吻合,最大偏差依次为4.30%、3.09%及3.73%;偏轴拉伸计算与试验应力-应变曲线也吻合较好。     

橡胶阻尼式扭转减振器固有频率计算与测试方法的研究EI北大核心CSCD

设计了橡胶试片静动态剪切特性实验夹具,测试得到了橡胶试片在不同压缩比下的静动态剪切特性。建立了表征橡胶试片静动态剪切特性的Kelvin-Voigt本构模型、Maxwell本构模型和分数导数本构模型,提出了由实验测得的橡胶试片剪切特性曲线来识别各模型参数的方法。给出了基于这3种本构模型计算橡胶阻尼式扭转减振器固有频率的方法,计算了一扭转减振器固有频率,并与测试值进行对比。结果表明:基于Kelvin-Voigt模型计算得到的固有频率不随激振振幅的变化而变化,不能表征振幅相关性,而Maxwell模型和分数导数模型计算固有频率能表征振幅相关性。大振幅激励时,利用Maxwell模型计算的固有频率与实测值的误差较大;在各种激励振幅下,利用分数导数模型可较准确计算出减振器的固有频率。     

Normalisation of biaxial bias extension test results considering shear tension coupling

A theoretical background is proposed for the normalisation of biaxial bias extension results for rate-independent fabrics, whose shear compliance depends on both the shear angle and the fibre tension within the fabric. The theory is used to predict the form of biaxial bias extension results from known shear force–shear angle–fibre tension behaviours. Hypothetical data sets are used to perform a parametric study of the likely influence of the nature of the shear–tension coupling on the form of the biaxial bias extension test results. The theory is then used in implementing an iterative numerical code designed to retrieve the underlying material response from biaxial bias extension test results and examples predictions are given. A discussion of the information required in order to perform the normalisation, and the methods by which this information can be obtained, is presented. Finally, assumptions behind the theory are outlined and critically assessed.     

薄膜材料双轴拉伸试验

本文根据充气结构原理设计并完成了一套薄膜材料双轴拉伸试验装置，可对薄膜材料在不同应力比下进行双轴拉伸试验。在试验中引入了云纹干涉完成了大应变的量测。试验表明：薄膜材料在双轴受拉状态下的力学特征与单轴伸时是完全不同的。     

Influence of ductile damage on the bending behaviour of aluminium alloy thin sheets

Sheet metal forming involves planar stress states, in the sheet plane, like in tension and simple shear, or stress states characterized by a gradient in the thickness, like in bending. In this latter case, material limit prediction derived from an instability criterion is no longer valid. In this work, a criterion based on a critical void volume fraction, identified from macroscopic tests, is applied to the case of bending of square samples of aluminium alloy AA6016-T4. Mechanical tests are performed at two aging times to quantify its influence on the mechanical behaviour and only the hardening law is modified to take it into account. It is shown that a good correlation is obtained between the critical void volume fraction obtained from tension on notched samples and biaxial expansion, and the onset of crack development in the bent zone. Moreover, macroscopic load recorded during bending is sensitive to ductile damage, which makes this test particularly interesting for damage investigation.     

Biaxial tension fatigue response of concrete

Concrete structures such as rigid airport pavements are subjected to repeated high-amplitude loads resulting from passing aircraft. The resulting stress-state in concrete is a biaxial combination of compression and tension. It is of interest to understand the response of plain concrete to such loading conditions, which will enable development of realistic material models for implementation in mechanistic pavement design procedures.The objective of this work is to characterize the quasi-static and low-cycle fatigue response of concrete subjected to biaxial stresses in the biaxial tension region, where the principal tensile stress is larger than or equal in magnitude when compared with the principal compressive stress. An experimental investigation of material behavior in the biaxial tension region is conducted. The experimental setup consists of the following test configurations: (a) notched concrete beams tested in three-point bend configuration, and (b) hollow concrete cylinders subjected to torsion.Failure of concrete in the biaxial tension region is shown to be a local phenomenon under quasi-static and fatigue loading, wherein the specimen fails owing to a single crack. The crack propagation is studied using the equivalent elastic crack concept. It is observed that the crack growth rate in constant amplitude fatigue loading exhibits a two-phase process: a deceleration phase followed by an acceleration stage. The crack growth in the acceleration stage is shown to follow Paris law. The model parameters obtained from uniaxial fatigue tests are shown to be sufficient for predicting the considered biaxial fatigue response.     

Induced anisotropy by the Mullins effect in filled silicone rubber

This study is concerned with the experimental characterization of anisotropy induced by the Mullins effect in a particle-reinforced silicone rubber. Experimental data concerning the influence of type and direction of initial loading on the subsequent stress softening are quite scarce. In this scope, a set of experimental tests were carried out on a filled silicone rubber. Uniaxial tensile tests and bulge tests were used to precondition the samples, i.e., to induce some primary stress softening. In both cases, subsequent uniaxial tensile tests were conducted on preconditioned specimens. The first set of experiments consists of a uniaxial tension path followed by uniaxial tension along different directions. It appears that the stress softening varies from a maximum in the same direction load to a minimum in the orthogonal direction, with respect to the first tensile load direction. Next, the bulge test is proposed as an original way to yield very different biaxial tensile strain-histories for first loading path. The fact that the biaxiality ratio varies from the pole (uniaxial tension) until the bulge border (planar tension), permits to analyze second tensile load curves in a material that experienced a more complex first load path. These experimental data allow to discuss the most appropriate criteria to describe the strain-induced anisotropy phenomenon.     

Biaxiality Dependence of the Fracture Toughness for Glass in Plane Stress State

The fracture behaviour of glass in biaxial stress state has been investigated. Fracture toughness of disk specimen with a straight-through crack was measured under biaxial tension and uniaxial tension loads respectively. The difference between them and the reasons for the difference are discussed. The influence of the stress parallel to crack on fracture of brittle material was demonstrated in theory and experiments. The results show that plane stress fracture toughness of glass is not a material constant. and that the fracture toughness measured in biaxial tension state is higher than that measured under uniaxial tension. The conventional fracture criterion upon the stress intensity factor is questioned in the case of biaxial stress problem, and the strain dependence of crack growth is discussed.     

飞艇囊体薄膜材料的双向拉伸试验及结构仿真

飞艇囊体膜材的弹性常数是飞艇外形设计、结构分析、动力学分析的基础。本文根据正交异性平面应力模型假设,应用双向拉伸试验方法获得了飞艇囊体膜材HV130在不同载荷比条件下的经纬向弹性模量和泊松比。对飞艇囊体进行应力分析,得到囊体应力的理论解及环向应力和轴向应力的载荷比。根据飞艇囊体受力情况,选取对应的弹性常数,对飞艇进行不同压差条件下的静力学仿真分析。利用非接触应变测量系统测试不同压差条件下飞艇囊体的变形情况,验证了双向拉伸试验所得的弹性常数的准确性和仿真分析的可靠性。本文能为飞艇的外形设计和结构分析提供参考。     

Some experimental results on yield condition in plane stress state

Summary In the present paper, the determination of yield locus curves for deep drawing sheet metal is described. The experiments are based on the combination of biaxial tension tests on plane cross-shaped specimens with uniaxial tension and compression tests performed on conventional specimens. The influence of preloading (prestrain) on the hardening behaviour is discussed. The material coefficients are computed through the equalization of the test results by means of a quadratic formulation of the yield condition. Finally, the material coefficients are given as functions of the prestrain of specimens in the rolling direction.With 9 Figures     

A different approach for considering the effect of non-proportional loading path on the forming limit diagram of AA5083

In this paper, the effects of strain path change on the forming limit diagram (FLD) of AA5083 sheet were investigated. The aim is to predict the forming limit curve (FLC) with non-proportional loading path by ductile fracture criteria. For this purpose, some square blanks were pre-strained by uniaxial tension in rolling direction (RD) and transverse direction (TD), and some others were pre-strained by biaxial stretching over a hemispherical punch. Then, the FLD test specimens were prepared by trimming the pre-strained blanks with the longitudinal axis in the RD and TD directions. The out-of-plane formability test was used for obtaining the FLD. The commercial finite element software ABAQUSE 6.9 was used for simulation in accordance with the experimental procedure. For trimming in the simulation environment, a program was written in MATLAB 7.6 that could determine the elements and introduce their properties to the new simulation model. Ductile fracture criteria were used for predicting the failure, and the Hill’79 criterion was used for applying the anisotropic coefficients. The results show that pre-straining in biaxial tension generally reduces the FLC and shifts it to the right-hand side of the FLD, whereas pre-straining in uniaxial tension raises the FLC and shifts it to the left-hand side. The numerical results were compared with the experimental findings, and relatively good agreement was achieved.