基于数据分析的汽车备件分类策略研究

针对HY企业汽车备件库存传统的ABC分类方法只考虑备件单指标(年销售金额)的局限性,提出了基于数据分析的多准则备件分类策略。首先建立了多维度分类准则,并提出了Kmeans聚类方法对备件进行分类;同时,为解决多准则间的补偿性,结合基于否决制的调整机制给出了在备件的单价,销量,维修周期,关键程度和订货提前期五类分类准则下的分类策略。最后以HY企业2016-2017年的实际数据验证了方法的有效性,并证明方法可以为企业库存管理节约一定的成本。     

FAHP在包装材料库存分类管理中的应用

目的解决在包装企业的生产库存管理中,由于包装材料的价格差异不大,ABC分类库存控制法不能很好地进行分类管理,使用层次分析法分类则不够客观,而且其矩阵一致性检验过于繁琐的问题。方法采用模糊层次综合评价法(FAHP)对包装材料进行分类,并与目前使用的方法分类结果进行对比。结果模糊层次综合评价法可以更加客观系统地对包装材料库存进行分类。结论模糊层次综合评价法比ABC分类法和层次分析法更加科学有效。     

模糊多属性决策的维修服务质量评价

维修服务质量是不同属性的综合体，它包括许多很难被测量的不可感知属性。这种特性给被测者在接受问卷调查时带来了一些困难。为了避免上述情况的出现，运用模糊理论评价维修点的维修服务质量，建立了模糊多属性决策模型，并将模糊集理论引入不可感知属性指标值的测度中。用层次分析法获得准则的权重和用逼近理想解排序法进行维修服务质量的排序后，得到了满意的结果。     

船舶备件的管理办法

为了加强船舶备件的集中统一管理,做好备件的储备、供应工作,抓好用、管、修、供四个环节,以保证设备正常的维修和检修计划的顺利进行,备件是设备修理的主要物质基础,及时供应备件,可以缩短修理时间、减少机损失,供应质量优良的备件,可以保证修理质量和修理周期,提高设备的可靠性。因此,备件管理是设备维修资源管理的主要组成部分,船舶设备备件的管理好坏将直接影响到设备运转情况,所以要求备件的管理必须有有效的管理办法,具体方法如下：     

基于AHP层次分析法的儿童电子绘本角色面孔绘图方式研究

目的 通过解析学龄前儿童对不同绘图方式的视觉认知特点,总结主流绘图方式的特征,为优化绘本角色面孔设计提供参考。方法 记录被试对象加工不同绘图方式角色面孔时的眼动数据,分析数据并筛选眼动指标,结合层次分析法提炼绘本设计准则,构建层次结构模型。通过模糊矩阵进行层次权重计算,计算各级层次准则权重值。结果 提炼电子绘本角色面孔的设计准则,将9项眼动指标作为子准则评定系数引入层次模型,进行权重计算,获知儿童对设计准则中绘图方式的偏向次序,得到引导性与吸引性的排序结果一致,易记性排序截然相反,继而总结出基于引导性、易记性、吸引性的绘本角色设计方法。结论 基于层次分析法的学龄前儿童电子绘本角色面孔研究以客观权重解析了儿童对不同绘图方式的视觉加工特征,总结出3种设计准则中绘图方式与儿童的绘本阅读效率、阅读兴趣间的相互影响,为后续设计主题性绘本提供了一定的参考,从而实现绘本对学龄前儿童的教育功能。     

基于专家权重的综合评价研究

运用群决策与模糊评判的原理和方法，系统分析了专家权重的确定，给出了一种基于模糊层次分析法的指标权重确定方法，并结合模糊多准则决策方法提出了一种基于专家的对评价对象进行综合评价的方法．该方法可应用于诸多系统的综合评价问题．     

煤矿机械设备维修与管理

随着煤矿机械化水平的提高机械设备的维修与管理成为了影响生产的主要因素,机械设备维修和管理是设备管理的一个重要方面,其管理的好坏将直接影响设备的整体经济效益。本文介绍了煤矿机械设备维修的分类,及煤矿机械设备的特点,提出了从备件管理、技术水平、人员培训、检修验收等几种方面措施来降低机械设备维修费用。     

工具分类及消耗定额预测方法研究

针对某企业(ZMJ)工具管理中存在的问题,提出基于层次分析法(AHP)的ABC工具分类方法,并重点研究对A类工具消耗量与生产任务的关系,根据代表生产任务的加工零件数和对应工具消耗数的历史数据,利用回归分析构造出工具消耗的预测模型,从而对工具消耗进行预测和控制。     

厂内机动设备驾驶类岗位适应性测试及评价

章根据厂内机动设备驾驶类的作业性质和特点，提出相应的测试指标和测试项目；采用德尔菲法获得各测试指标的权重系数，运用层次分析法和聚类分析法建立了综合评价模型和评价等级标准。因此，可以对厂内机动设备驾驶类的作业人员的职业适应性进行定量化测试和评价。     

汽车行业供应商实验室认可关键技术研究(下)

以评价体系为基础研究确定了审核评价方法,包括评分方法、评分标准和判定准则,利用层次分析法确定了评价体系权重,制定了审核实施的组织流程。     

Spare parts failure prediction of an automobile under criticality condition

Many studies on spare parts planning classified items based on the levels of importance using conventional approaches. Classification of spare parts based on the stated approach without considering failure value and/or its consequence may not withstand the test of time due to continuing technological advancement or environmental degradation. This study solved the stated problem by developing a system that is capable of dynamically determining critical equipment/spare parts based on failure rates using ABC analysis. In this analysis, all operable items were considered to be non-critical and they became critical when they approached failure time. These transitions were prompted by items’ failure conditional probability within the limits of 1, 2/3, 1/3 for highly critical, critical and less critical items, respectively. The most critical item(s) (A class) with highest failure value/consequence were sorted out based on specificity (one manufacturer’s item) and generality (many manufacturers’ item). Failure remedy was achieved by applying modified classical inventory model which considered heterogeneity in item failure. The stated conditions were integrated into a time series, linear regression model. The performance evaluation results showed that the new scheme was efficient in spare part failure criticality classification, consequence analysis and remedy. The practical implication of the findings indicated that the developed system could serve as a suitable alternative to the static classification style of the conventional approach in term of cost savings.     

基于PDM的烟机企业零部件的分类管理

基于PDM零件分类管理的思想，结合许昌烟机公司的实际提出了在PDM环境下对零部件进行分类的方法及实现技术．实践证明，分类管理有助于实现零部件设计和工艺信息的查询与检索的计算机化，提高企业现有设计和制造资源的利用率．     

In search for classification and selection of spare parts suitable for additive manufacturing: a literature review

This paper reviews the literature on additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and equipment, and spare parts classification criteria to propose a systematic process for selecting spare parts which are suitable for AM. This systematic process identifies criteria that can be used to select spare parts that are suitable for AM. The review found that there is limited research that addresses identifying processes for spare parts selection for AM, even though companies have identified this to be a key challenge in adopting AM. Seven areas for future research are identified relating to the methodology of spare parts selection for AM, processes for cross-functional integration in selecting spare parts for AM, broadening the spare parts portfolio that is suitable for AM (by considering usage of AM in conjunction with conventional technologies), and potential impact of AM on product modularity and integrality.     

飞机大部件位姿调整的关键测量特征点误差控制权值计算方法

为了实现飞机大部件的最佳位姿调整,基于层次分析-误差评定组合方法,研究了一种应用于综合评估数字化装配中关键测量特征点的误差控制权值的计算方法。采用引入权值的最小二乘法求解大部件位姿调整量,提高装配精度。通过层次分析(AHP)方法确定关键测量特征点主观权值,误差评定法确定关键测量特征点客观权值,两者结合综合评定关键测量特征点权值。以最小装配误差为优化目标,利用权值实现多个关键测量特征点的误差分配优化。实例分析中,将超差的对接交点误差由1.23 mm降低到了0.72 mm,满足各个测量点的容差要求。以奇异值分解算法求解目标优化初值,采用牛顿法迭代求解,得到部件的最优位姿,并以中后机身对接为对象分析验证权值分配的合理性。     

Battle damage-oriented spare parts forecasting method based on wartime influencing factors analysis and ε-support vector regression

Many peacetime spare parts demand forecasting models have been proposed recently. However, it is difficult to forecast spare parts consumption in wartime. This is due to the complexity and randomness of battle damages. To serve this purpose, we choose a combined army element as study object, and propose a novel method to forecast battle damage-oriented spare parts demand based on wartime influencing factors analysis and ε-Support Vector Regression (ε-SVR). First, we extract the key influencing factors of equipment damages including battlefield environment and fighting capacities of the opposed forces by qualitative analysis, and quantify those factors by combining Delphi technique and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Subsequently, we construct the sample space by using influencing factors of battle damages as the input variables and the corresponding spare parts demand as the output variable, introduce the insensitive loss function (ε) and establish the ε-SVR prediction model of ‘wartime influencing factors – battle damage-oriented spare parts demand’. Finally, we implement a case study of forecasting three representative kinds of spare parts for assault of a combined army element, and thus verify feasibility and effectiveness of the model. We find that the proposed method can provide decision-making references for wartime spare parts supply with higher accuracy and more advantages in contrast with other current methods.     

Activity-based costing in flexible manufacturing systems with a case study in a forging industry

The objective of this paper is to apply the activity-based costing (ABC) approach together with traditional costing (TC) for parts costing in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) with the A(2) level of automation. We propose a new model for the implementation of ABC using the product cost tree concept. First, the required resources and activities for each part are recorded, and then their costs are calculated using the appropriate cost formulae. This model was applied in a forging industry. A comparison and analysis between ABC and TC was then carried out based on the computational results obtained from the case study. The results indicate that the ABC outputs are more reliable than the TC outputs, and thus the ABC approach is a more acceptable tool for parts costing in FMS.     

Determining the Importance Weights for the Customer Requirements in QFD Using a Fuzzy AHP with an Extent Analysis Approach

In the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) process, determining the importance weights for the customer requirements is an essential and crucial process. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used to determine the importance weights for product planning, but this has occurred mainly in crisp (non-fuzzy) decision applications. However, human judgment on the importance of customer requirements is always imprecise and vague. To make up for this deficiency in the AHP, a fuzzy AHP with an extent analysis approach is proposed to determine the importance weights for the customer requirements. In the method, triangular fuzzy numbers are used for the pairwise comparison of a fuzzy AHP. By using the extent analysis method and the principles for the comparison of fuzzy numbers, one can derive the weight vectors. The new approach can improve the imprecise ranking of customer requirements inherited from studies based on the conventional AHP. Furthermore, the fuzzy AHP with extent analysis is simple and easy to implement to prioritize customer requirements in the QFD process compared with the conventional AHP. This paper uses an example of a hair dryer design to illustrate the proposed approach.     

需求受相关性影响的设备备件库存优化

备件多级库存模型通常基于备件需求相互独立的假设，但随着库存系统层次的增加以及协同管理方式的应用，备件需求的相关性将显著影响库存优化决策。针对需求具有相关性的备件库存问题，以服务响应时间为约束条件，以库存成本及缺货成本最小化为目标建立备件两级库存决策模型。引入Nataf概率变换法，利用已知的备件需求边缘概率密度函数构造满足特定相关性条件的随机需求样本，并将蒙特卡洛仿真与遗传算法相结合求解最优库存分配方案。仿真算例证明，设备备件库存的最优决策随着需求相关性系数的增大而发生变化，根据需求相关性的变化适当地调整库存决策，有利于降低备件库存系统总成本，提高库存系统对顾客需求的响应能力。     

Study on Fuzzy Decision for Purchasing Spare Parts for Machinery Equipment

For purchasing spare parts for machinery products, the general principle, procedure and method are put forward in the paper. Fuzzy theory and method are applied to set up a decisive model for purchasing spare parts. By working out the kinds and quantities of spare pans, the purchase of pans is provided with scientific decision.     

基于AHP的MOBA手机游戏交互设计

目的提出一种手机端MOBA游戏的交互设计模型,还原游戏者在PC端的体验。方法应用AHP分析法转化和构建层次结构模型,应用AHP分析法的量化方法完善模型。结论得出了手机端MOBA游戏的交互设计的层次结构模型,并通过量化分析该层次结构模型得到了4个交互设计准则的权重。手机端MOBA游戏的交互设计在易用性、社交功能、心流体验和自我价值实现方面的权重表明,设计师应最为关注易用性,其次是心流体验,再次是自我价值实现,最后是社交功能。