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1.
β-t,3/1,6-葡聚糖制剂对凡纳对虾生长及免疫力的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了从啤酒酵母泥悬液中提取的β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖制剂(含25%β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖)对凡纳对虾生长及免疫力的影响。基础饲料中分别添加3个水平(0.1%,0.2%和0.4%)的β-葡聚糖制剂配制成3种实验饲料,以基础饲料作为对照组。实验饲料采取间隔投喂的策略,即每投喂15天实验饲料后再投喂15天对照饲料,整个饲养试验持续60天。饲养试验结束后,无论是投喂3种实验饲料还是对照饲料,对虾的成活率都很高(94.7%~100.0%),各处理间无显著差异(P>0.05)。然而,投喂0.2%或0.4%β-葡聚糖制剂的实验组的增重率显著高于(P<0.01)对照组;投喂β-葡聚糖制剂的3个实验组的饲料系数显著低于(P<0.01)对照组。此外,投喂β-葡聚糖制剂的实验组,对虾血细胞酚氧化酶活性和吞噬活性都显著高于(P<0.01)对照组。无论是增重率还是免疫指标,投喂β-葡聚糖制剂的3个实验组彼此之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。60天的饲养试验结束后,通过注射白斑杆状病毒(WSSV)进行对虾攻毒试验。在攻毒后的14天内,对照组的累计死亡率显著高于(P<0.01)β-葡聚糖实验组。攻毒后第14天,3个β-葡聚糖实验组的免疫保护力为75%~80%。根据本研究结果可以得出如下结论:1)饲料中添加β-葡聚糖可以促进凡纳对虾生长并提高免疫力和抗病力;2)在本投饲策略下,全周期养殖期间投喂β-葡聚糖是安全的,不会产生免疫疲劳或其他副作用;3)从提高免疫力的角度,凡纳对虾饲料中β-葡聚糖制剂的添加量推荐为0.1%;若考虑促进生长,则添加量建议上升到0.2%。 相似文献
2.
应用浸浴法研究多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)对鲤鱼(cyprinl Jscarpioio)腮、肝、肾和脑中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的影响,结果显示:低浓度(0.1,lmg·L^-1)处理组暴露后3d,腮和肝中的SOD活性显著高于对照组(p〈0.01),肾和脑中SOD活性与对照组无显著差异(p〉0.05)。随着暴露时间延长,各组活性降低,至9d,肝和肾中SOD活性显著低于对照组(p〈0.05),腮和脑中SOD活性与对照组无显著差异(p〉0.05)。高浓度(10mg·L^-1)处理组,整个暴露期间,肝中SOD的活性显著低于对照组(p〈0.01),脑中SOD的活性与对照组无显著差异(p〉0.05),腮和肾中SOD活性在暴露后3d,与对照组无显著差异(p〉0.05),暴露后6d、9d,活性显著低于对照组(p〈0.05)。提示:MWCNTs对鲤鱼各组织中SOD酶活性的影响有时间和浓度依赖性。 相似文献
3.
β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖制剂对凡纳对虾生长及免疫力的影响 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
研究了从啤酒酵母泥悬液中提取的 β 1 ,3/ 1 ,6 葡聚糖制剂 (含 2 5 % β 1 ,3/ 1 ,6 葡聚糖 )对凡纳对虾生长及免疫力的影响。基础饲料中分别添加 3个水平 (0 1 % ,0 2 %和0 4 % )的 β 葡聚糖制剂配制成 3种实验饲料 ,以基础饲料作为对照组。实验饲料采取间隔投喂的策略 ,即每投喂 1 5天实验饲料后再投喂 1 5天对照饲料 ,整个饲养试验持续 6 0天。饲养试验结束后 ,无论是投喂 3种实验饲料还是对照饲料 ,对虾的成活率都很高(94 7%~ 1 0 0 0 % ) ,各处理间无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。然而 ,投喂 0 2 %或 0 4 % β 葡聚糖制剂的实验组的增重率显著高于 (P <0 0 1 )对照组 ;投喂 β 葡聚糖制剂的 3个实验组的饲料系数显著低于 (P <0 0 1 )对照组。此外 ,投喂 β 葡聚糖制剂的实验组 ,对虾血细胞酚氧化酶活性和吞噬活性都显著高于 (P <0 0 1 )对照组。无论是增重率还是免疫指标 ,投喂 β 葡聚糖制剂的 3个实验组彼此之间无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。 6 0天的饲养试验结束后 ,通过注射白斑杆状病毒 (WSSV)进行对虾攻毒试验。在攻毒后的 1 4天内 ,对照组的累计死亡率显著高于 (P <0 .0 1 ) β 葡聚糖实验组。攻毒后第 1 4天 ,3个 β 葡聚糖实验组的免疫保护力为 75 %~ 80 %。根据本研究结果可以 相似文献
4.
肽聚糖制剂提高凡纳对虾抗白斑综合征病毒感染力的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
将肽聚糖制剂添加到普通对虾饲料中 ,制成分别含肽聚糖制剂 1%和 0 .1%的免疫饲料 ,按常规方法投喂凡纳对虾。 4周后测定每个实验组对虾的酚氧化酶、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性 ,同时进行白斑综合征病毒 (WSSV)的人工投喂感染实验。实验结果显示 ,感染实验前投喂普通饲料组对虾和投喂免疫饲料组对虾的酚氧化酶和酸性磷酸酶活性无显著差别 (p >0 .0 5 ) ,各实验组对虾碱性磷酸酶活性的差异显著 (p <0 .0 5 ) ;感染实验后各实验组存活对虾的各项免疫酶活性无显著差异 (p >0 .0 5 )。凡纳对虾摄食添加了肽聚糖制剂的免疫饲料后 ,明显提高了对虾抵御WSSV感染的能力 ,其中尤其以添加了1%肽聚糖制剂的实验组的抗病毒感染能力最强 ,到实验结束时累计死亡率只有 10 % ,而对照组为 75 % ;1%添加量组与 0 .1%添加量组及对照组之间的累积死亡率差异显著 (p <0 .0 5 )。实验结果提示 :在对虾饲料中添加肽聚糖可提高对虾抗病毒感染能力 ,从而达到防病治病、增加生产收益的目的 相似文献
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肽聚糖制剂对日本对虾非特异免疫因子的作用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
用含不同浓度肽聚糖制剂的饵料投喂日本对虾 ,养殖 30d后取对虾血淋巴 ,分析血清中溶菌活力、凝集活力、酚氧化酶活力、超氧化物歧化酶活力、溶血活力。结果显示 :添加肽聚糖饵料组对虾比对照组对虾血清中的酚氧化酶活力、凝集活力均显著提高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,高浓度肽聚糖饵料组 (1× 1 0 - 3)对虾血清溶血活力显著高于低浓度组及对照组中对虾的溶血活力 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;试验组与对照组中对虾的溶菌活力、总超氧化物歧化酶活力差异不明显 (P >0 0 5 )。表明饵料中使用一定浓度的肽聚糖可以通过提高对虾血清中酚氧化酶等因子活力而达到提高非特异免疫力的目的 相似文献
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目的:研究血栓通联合奥扎格雷治疗急性脑梗塞的临床疗效。方法:选取我院2012年1月-2013年1月收治的急性脑梗塞患者84例。随机分成两组,分别为血栓通联合奥扎格雷(治疗组)和常归治疗(对照组)。结果:观察组的总有效率为95.1%,明显高于对照组的83.%,且差异具有统计学意义(P〈0.05).治疗前、后神经功能缺损评分有极显著性差异(P〈0.01),对照组治疗前、后神经功能缺损评分有显著性差异(P〈0.05),故治疗组较对照组神经功能缺损恢复程度更加明显。结论:治疗急性脑梗塞采用血栓通联合奥扎格雷,疗效确切,安全性高,值得在临床工作中推广使用。 相似文献
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研究了中国明对虾和凡纳滨对虾血清酚氧化酶(PO)的生理功能和活性影响。结果表明,中国明对虾和凡纳滨对虾血清中都存在PO,主要以酚氧化酶原(proPO)的形式存在,并且都可以被可以被胰蛋白酶、SDS和酵母聚糖激活。抗凝剂SSS(Shrimp Salt Solution)会影响中国明对虾和凡纳滨对虾血清中的PO活性引起的PO活性的降低。正常状态下中国对虾血清中PO活性较凡纳滨对虾血清PO活性低。中国明对虾血清PO最适温度为50℃,最适pH为8.5,而凡纳滨对虾PO最适温度为45℃,最适pH为7.5。 相似文献
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为探讨纳米TiO2在分子水平对生物的影响,运用RT—PCR半定量法研究不同浓度纳米TiO2对四膜虫多耐药(MDR1)和热激蛋白70(HSP70)基因表达活性的影响,结果表明,处理组中MDR1基因表达均高于对照组,且差异极显著(p〈0.01);HSP70表现为高浓度抑制、低浓度诱导,表达量在低浓处理组中高于对照组,差异显著(p〈0.05)。随着纳米TiO2浓度的升高,处理组中HSP70表达量不断下降,当纳米TiO2浓度为100mg·L-1和500mg·L-1时,HSP70的表达量显著低于对照组中的表达量(p〈0.05),因此,纳米TiO2颗粒可以从分子水平影响梨形四膜虫,但确切的毒理还需要进一步的研究探索及验证。 相似文献
9.
以肉制品中常见的蜡状芽孢杆菌为研究对象,采用中心组合设计方法考察温度(88~96℃)、pH(5.1~6.3)、氯化钠浓度(1.5%~3.5%,w/v)和初始菌数(4~7log10 CFU/mL)的交互作用对蜡状芽孢杆菌消长规律的影响。不同环境因子作用下菌株D值的响应面分析结果显示,响应面回归方程中无失拟因素存在,预测值与实测值达到较好的拟合(R^2=0.9644)。不同环境因子作用下蜡状芽孢杆菌消长规律的方差分析显示,环境因子的交互作用有极显著影响(P〈0.01),其中温度和pH的影响达到极显著水平(P〈0.01),初始菌数的影响达到显著水平(P〈0.05),氯化钠浓度的影响不显著(P〉0.05)。 相似文献
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目的:探讨乙型肝炎患者的口服抗病毒药物的选择与应用效果。方法:选择2008年2月到2011年9月某院收治的乙型肝炎患者90例,根据治疗抗病毒药物应用的不同分为治疗组与对照组各45例,在一般治疗基础上,治疗组给予口服阿德福韦酯治疗,对照组给予口服拉米夫定治疗。结果:治疗组治疗前后AST、ALT和ALB对比有明显差异(P〈0.05),而对照组变化不大(P〉0.05)。两组治疗后症状积分都有明显下降,治疗组的积分明显少于对照组(P〈0.05)。治疗组有1人出现腹泻,对症处理后缓解,对照组有2人出现失眠,对症处理后缓解。两组不良反应情况对比无明显差异(P〉0.05)。结论:抗病毒药物治疗乙型肝炎特别是失代偿期肝硬化患者有很好的效果,其中阿德福韦酯可以改善患者的肝脏功能指标,改善患者的预后,安全性好,值得推广应用。 相似文献
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日粮中添加那西肽对宝石鲈生长性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
用空白、2.5 ppm黄霉素和1.25 ppm那西肽三组日粮饲喂初始重为4.5 g左右的宝石鲈,50 d后测定各组宝石鲈体长、体重,同时每组抽样5尾屠宰取内脏称重研究试验鱼的肥满度和脏体比;另取空白和那西肽组宝石鲈小肠进行扫描电镜观察,探讨那西肽对试验鱼小肠绒毛的影响.试验结束时,空白组、黄霉素组和那西肽组宝石鲈日增重分别为0.84、0.86、0.90 g/d,那西肽组比空白组日增重提高7.14%(P<0.05),比黄霉素组日增重提高4.65%(P>0.05);三组宝石鲈肥满度、脏体比差异不明显(P>0.05);饲喂那西肽的宝石鲈小肠绒毛比空白组发育完整,那西肽可通过刺激宝石鲈小肠绒毛的发育而提高宝石鲈的生长性能. 相似文献
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《工程(英文)》2017,3(5):760-765
Low protein intake causes a decrease in protein deposition in most animal tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether leucine supplementation would increase the synthesis rate of protein and muscle weight in adult rats, which chronically consume only 58.8% of their protein requirements. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of three dietary treatments including a 20% casein diet (CON), a 10% casein + 0.44% alanine diet (R), and a 10% casein + 0.87% leucine diet (RL). After a 10 d dietary treatment, plasma amino acid levels were measured after feeding, the gastrocnemius muscles and soleus muscles were harvested and weighed, and the fractional synthesis rate (FSR) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling proteins in skeletal muscle were measured. Regarding the plasma amino acid level, the RL group had the highest concentration of leucine (P < 0.05) and the lowest concentration of isoleucine (P < 0.05) among the three groups, and the CON group had a lower concentration of valine (P < 0.05) than the R and RL groups. Compared with the R and RL groups, the CON group diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) feed intake, protein synthesis rate, and the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), and decreased the weight of abdominal adipose. Compared with the R group, the RL group significantly increased in gastrocnemius muscle weight, protein synthesis rate, and phosphorylation of both ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and 4E-BP1. In conclusion, when protein is chronically restricted in adult rat diets, leucine supplementation moderately improves body weight gain and increases muscle protein synthesis through mTOR activation. 相似文献
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目的 为了研究冰温贮藏对鹰爪虾的保鲜效果及品质的变化情况,以期为海捕虾的贮藏保鲜提供理论参考依据。方法 以鹰爪虾为研究对象,对预冷后在冰温和冷藏条件下贮藏后其pH值、新鲜度(K值)、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值、菌落总数(TVC)、质构及蛋白质特性变化(如巯基含量、肌动球蛋白含量和钙激活三磷酸腺苷(Ca2+-ATPase)酶活性)等情况进行分析。对于冰温组的虾样,每间隔2 d测定其各项指标;对于冷藏组的虾样,每隔1 d测定其各项指标。结果 与冷藏组相比较发现,鹰爪虾在冰温贮藏过程中能够延缓pH值、TVB-N值、K值升高,抑制微生物的生长、TVC值的升高,延缓肌动球蛋白含量、巯基含量的降低,抑制Ca2+-ATPase酶的失活,能有效地延长鹰爪虾的贮藏货架期。结论 鹰爪虾在冷藏和冰温贮藏下的货架期分别为5 d和10 d,货架期延长了约5 d,因此冰温贮藏更易于海捕虾的贮藏。 相似文献
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The effect of different soaking solutions and varying numbers of freeze–thaw cycles on the quality of raw and cooked Pacific white shrimp was investigated. The soaking solutions included 1) 0.75% NaOH, pH 11.5 (alkaline soaking solution; ASS), 2) ASS with 3% monosodium glutamate (pH 11.5) (ASS + 3% MSG) and 3) 2.5% NaCl containing mixed phosphates (M-P). Higher protein solubility was observed in raw shrimp treated with ASS + 3% MSG, compared with other treatments (P < 0.05), regardless of the number of freeze–thaw cycles. Raw shrimp treated with ASS + 3% MSG or M-P showed the lowest drip loss after 5 freeze–thaw cycles. No α-glucosidase (AG) or β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were found in the raw shrimp treated with ASS + 3% MSG and M-P at all freeze–thaw cycles tested. As more freeze–thaw cycles were applied, the a*-value (redness) of raw shrimp increased (P < 0.05), while the a* value of cooked shrimp treated with ASS containing 3% MSG decreased (P < 0.05). The shear force of both raw and cooked shrimp with all treatments increased when freeze–thaw cycles increase up to 3 cycles (P < 0.05); however, it drastically decreased after 5 freeze–thaw cycles (P < 0.05). Therefore, treatment of shrimp with 0.75% NaOH containing 2.5% NaCl and 3% monosodium glutamate (pH 11.5) could retard the deteriorative change induced by freeze–thawing process. 相似文献
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Loetanantawong B Suracheep C Somasundrum M Surareungchai W 《Analytical chemistry》2004,76(8):2266-2272
Mixed-valent films of ruthenium oxide-ruthenium cyanide were electrodeposited onto glassy carbon and characterized for the electrocatalytic oxidation of tetracycline. The currents produced by tetracycline were higher than from previously reported electrode modifications or pretreatments. In H(2)SO(4) pH 1.0 + 0.5 M K(2)SO(4), the second-order rate constant for the reaction between tetracycline and the Ru(III/IV) couple of ruthenium oxide was 3 x 10(5) +/- 1 x 10(5) mol(-1) cm(3) s(-1), and the rate of charge diffusion through the films was 4.5 x 10(-7) +/- 3.5 x 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1). Reaction was localized at the film-solution interface. When used as detectors in liquid chromatography (in H(3)PO(4) pH 2.5 + 0.1 M KH(2)PO(4) + 20% CH(3)CN, E = 1.10 V vs SCE), the electrodes gave limits of detection (>3 S/N) of 0.1 ppm for tetracycline and oxytetracycline and 0.5 ppm for doxycycline and chlorotetracycline. These limits were suitable for FDA and Codex Alimentarius guidelines for tetracyclines in food. Recoveries of the four tetracyclines from sea and freshwater shrimp were in the range 73-111%, which was higher or similar to the previously reported recoveries from shrimp. 相似文献
18.
Li S Liu Q de Wijn J Wolke J Zhou B de Groot K 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》1997,8(9):543-549
Natural self-reinforced composite, bamboo, was surface modified by phosphorylation with urea–H3PO4 and NaOH–H3PO4 methods; then precalcification was performed by immersing samples in saturated Ca(OH)2 solution. After that, calcium phosphate can be formed on the surface of bamboo samples in calcification media: simulated body fluid (1.5 SBF) and accelerated calcification solution (ACS). Experimental results reveal that pre-calcification is an inevitable step for the formation of calcium phosphate. The calcium phosphate formed in 1.5 SBF was identified by thin-film X-ray diffraction as apatite which was not well crystallized. Compared with the urea–H3PO4 method, the NaOH–H3PO4 method has the advantages of quicker and continuous apatite formation and stronger adhesive between apatite and bamboo. 相似文献
19.
Thornton SJ Warburton C Wasan KM Kozlowski P 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2007,33(10):1058-1069
OBJECTIVE: Disodium ascorbyl phytostanol phosphate (FM-VP4) is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, a new class in cholesterol-lowering drug. Previous research on the lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic effects of this drug has reported that administration of FM-VP4 results in a decrease in body mass. This study examined the FM-VP4 dose-dependent mass loss in mice and investigated some potential mechanisms by which decreased mass accumulation may have occurred. The effect of FM-VP4 administration on pre-obese mice was also tested. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: We conducted a dose-dependent study on mouse growth, food and water intake, organ mass, femur length, resting metabolic rate (RMR), maximal oxygen consumption under various conditions (VO(2swim) and VO(2heliox)), and fecal fat and plasma assessment for cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in mice fed a low fat (LF) or high fat (HF) diet, with or without FM-VP4. The ratio of lean to fat body mass of each animal was also assessed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To establish the effect of FM-VP4 on pre-existing obesity, mice were fed a high fat diet for 57 days, followed by administration of a diet containing 2% (w/w) FM-VP4 for 93 days. RESULTS: Animals exhibit a dose-dependent decline in body mass without a concomitant decrease in food intake, water intake, spleen, heart, or kidney mass, femur length or lean body mass. A dose-dependent trend toward a reduction in fat mass was observed in both high fat and low fat diet groups, becoming significant at a 1 and 2% FM-VP4 dosage (w/w). No FM-VP4 induced change in food or water intake, or resting metabolic rate was observed; however, an increase in VO(2swim) was observed in the 2% FM-VP4 group over HF control. These findings were also observed in the pre-obese group treated with 2% FM-VP4. DISCUSSION: We found a dose dependent reduction in mass accumulation in mice treated with FM-VP4. This loss of mass is not due to an increase in resting metabolic rate or decreased food or water intake. The only tissues exhibiting a decrease in mass with FM-VP4 treatment are liver and body fat. Fecal fat content increased significantly with FM-VP4 treatment in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that the treatment reduces mass accumulation through decreased absorption or increased excretion of lipids. 相似文献
20.
利用定量PCR方法研究对虾白斑杆状病毒感染与发病的关系 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
收集了6批共134尾不同感染程度的对虾样品,测定其WSBV含量。检测结果表明,无病症的对虾样品每毫克样品所携带的病毒量低于10^3个病毒粒子,有病灶的对虾样品每毫克组织所携带的病毒量均高于10^3个病毒粒子,根据这一结果,初步确定了疾病爆发的危险临界值为每毫克组织含10^3个病毒粒子。 相似文献