采用交替投影算法重构超声信号

建立了超声探测缺陷回波的数学模型，讨论了信号奇异性同其小波变换之间的关系以及通过小波变换模极大值精确重构原信号的原理和方法，利用Mallat的交替投影算法对仿真的超声信号进行了精确重构和对实际检测到的超声信号进行了消噪处理。结果表明，利用小波变换模极大值重构信号的交替投影算法来重构超声信号，重构精度高，实现速度快，用于处理染噪信号，消噪效果好，是一种较为理想的处理超声信号的方法。     

一种基于投影层析方法的水下目标成像方法

投影层析是一种在几何上基于多角度投影实现目标与情景的像重构方法。水下散射目标具有数量众多、散射特性复杂的特点,为了有效探测到感兴趣的目标,需要重构出目标及所在情景高可靠分辨的像。因此,该文从逆问题求解的角度出发,分析了实现投影层析方法的物理条件及数学原理;并提出了一种水下目标投影层析成像的可行性方法及实现流程;通过在不同的扫描角度范围下的仿真进一步验证了投影层析方法对指定区域反射性目标探测的可行性。     

通过UG二次开发实现产品模型重构

逆向工程是目前非常实用的一种新产品开发技术，而模型重构则是逆向工程中非常重要的内容，同时也是难点之一。将VC＋＋6．0与UG二次开发相结合，首先通过投影法获取不同截面轮廓数据，然后对各轮廓数据进行数据预处理并实现排序，再进行曲线拟舍得到截面轮廓曲线族，最后实现三维模型重构。实验结果表明可以获得有效的产品重构模型。     

有限角 CT 重构压缩算法及仿真分析

研究了有限角 CT重构压缩算法中有限角度和投影幅数对重构结果的影响 .通过仿真程序 ,对不同的有限角度和投影幅数下的压缩重构结果进行分析和比较 ,得出不同的有限角度和投影幅数下重构质量有很大的不同 .当缺失角大于等于 3 0°时 ,重构质量很差 .说明压缩算法其本身具有较大的局限性     

基于旋转电极的电容层析成像技术图像融合算法

针对固定电极的电容层析成像技术独立测量值较少,且由于电极位置的影响而导致重建图像失真等问题,提出了一种基于16旋转电极的电容层析成像技术系统模型及对应的图像融合方法。模型对16电极的电容层析成像技术模型进行4次旋转,得出的数据分别采用线性反投影算法和修正共轭梯度法算法进行图像重建,再将重建的5张图像进行小波变换,变换得到的低频和高频成分分别采用加权平均和主分量分析的融合准则进行图像融合。实验结果表明:提出的电容层析成像技术旋转模型通过增加测量电容数,结合图像融合方法可明显提高重构图像质量,降低成像误差。     

超声Δ法与TOFD法在薄壁电子束焊缝上的检测结果对比分析

采用超声Δ衍射法和TOFD法对模拟缺陷进行检测,得出了缺陷检测波形图和B/C扫描图。对比分析了超声Δ衍射法与TOFD法的检测结果。实验表明利用超声Δ衍射法能够识别近表面垂直表面的面状缺陷,有效地对缺陷进行定位,能够很好地克服表面盲区,对缺陷的检测识别能力不受缺陷方向限制。从检测结果数据可以看出超声Δ衍射法的检测灵敏度和缺陷识别能力优于TOFD法。     

大型试件 CT 重构的一种方法

利用试件平移，得到不同位置的一组投影，把这些投影进行拼接，可以找到一种用完全数据重构大型试件CT（Computerized Tomography）图像的一种方法，通过仿真，表明可以得到清晰的切片图像，重构结果表明，本文的方法理论上完全可行。     

The Comparison Analysis of Test Result of Ultrasonic △ Technique and TOFD Method

采用超声△衍射法和TOFD法对模拟缺陷进行检测,得出了缺陷检测波形图和B/C扫描图.对比分析了超声△衍射法与TOFD法的检测结果.实验表明利用超声△衍射法能够识别近表面垂直表面的面状缺陷,有效地对缺陷进行定位,能够很好地克服表面盲区,对缺陷的检测识别能力不受缺陷方向限制.从检测结果数据可以看出超声△衍射法的检测灵敏度和缺陷识别能力优于TOFD法.     

紧凑型荧光灯工作特性的实验研究

用实验的方法对紧凑型荧光灯各光电参数和色参数在不同的条件下相对变化的分析和研究，为建立紧凑型荧光灯的国家标准以及确定相应的测试方法提供了重要的依据。本文根据大量的实验数据绘出相应的变化曲线，直观地表达了紧凑型荧光灯各参数在不同的实验条件下的一系列相对变化，并对这些曲线作了简要的定性分析；从这些数据中得出相应的经验公式。     

平面波超声功率测量的互易法与辐射力法实验比较研究

本文分别用互易法[1]和辐射力法对两个不同的平面超声换能器声功率进行实验测量。实验数据对比研究 表明:在实验所用的激励电压范围内,两种方法测量结果具有很好的一致性,互易法综合不确定度为±4.4%,辐射 力法综合不确定度为±6.9%。由于互易法具有使用设备简单、信噪比高以及受气泡和测量环境的影响小等优点, 有利于提高测量精度,适合于小功率测量,是超声功率测量的一种简单有效的新途径。     

探测器和投影数目对 CT 重建精度的影响

利用迭代算法从不完全的投影数据中重建图像，得出探测器和投影的数目与图像精度的关系。用琐的探测器数目和旋转角度个数分别进行了图像的重建。在投影数据不完全的条件下，迭代法可以得到较好的重建效果，对于迭代算法，在相同的重建时间内，探测器的数目对图像精度的影响比旋转角度个数的影响要大。     

Image reconstruction with a shift‐variant filtration in circular cone‐beam CT

It is well known that cone‐beam data acquired with a circular orbit are insufficient for exact image reconstruction. Despite this, because a cone‐beam scanning configuration with a circular orbit is easy to implement in practice, it has been widely employed for data acquisition in, e.g., micro‐CT and CT imaging in radiation therapy. The algorithm developed by Feldkamp, Davis, and Kress (FDK) and its modifications, such as the Tent–FDK (T‐FDK) algorithm, have been used for image reconstruction from circular cone‐beam data. In this work, we present an algorithm with spatially shift‐variant filtration for image reconstruction in circular cone‐beam CT. We performed computer‐simulation studies to compare the proposed and existing algorithms. Numerical results in these studies demonstrated that the proposed algorithm has resolution properties comparable to, and noise properties better than, the FDK algorithm. As compared to the T‐FDK algorithm, our proposed algorithm reconstructs images with an improved in‐plane spatial resolution. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 14, 213–221, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20026     

采用反向投影算法进行宽带合成孔径声纳数据处理与图像重建

文中提出了宽带合成孔径声纳(synthetic aperture Sonar，简称SAS)成像的反向投影算法(back pmjection，简称BP)。该算法是在时间-空间域中对合成孔径线列阵中备个阵元接收回波的所有频率分量进行相干求和，以充分利用合成孔径上所有回波的能量，从而得到理想的SAS图像。同时，文章中分析了BP算法实现过程中拖尾(tall)现象的产生机理，对BP重建图像进行了斜坡滤波处理。并对载频为15kHz,带宽为20kHz的SAS系统进行了仿真，结果验证了这种算法的有效性。     

Maximum entropy methods in coherent radar imaging

There are some compelling reasons for viewing the problem of image reconstruction from noisy or incomplete data as one of statistical estimation, i.e., of choosing, from the infinity of images consistent with the data, that image which, in some statistical sense, is most plausible. Among these reasons are the soundness of the philosophical underpinning of the resulting image reconstruction process, a greater realization of the image resolution which is inherent in the data, and freedom from many of the artifacts encountered in commonly used ad hoc reconstruction schemes. One successful technique employing a principle of statistical inference is the maximum entropy technique, in which the data-consistent image with maximum configurational entropy is chosen. It is a computationally intensive approach involving a conjugate gradient search over a convex function of a vector in a space of dimensionality equal to the number of image pixels. This technique has been employed with success in situations where the data samples are modeled as linearly related to a real non-negative object. We investigate application of maximum entropy image reconstruction to the problem of high-resolution radar diagnostic imaging. The problem differs from others in which maximum entropy has been applied in that the object to be imaged is complex. Although the desired image is of the magnitude of the complex object and is thus real and non-negative, there is no linear relationship beween object magnitude and data. Rather, the data are linearly related to the complex object. Several earlier proposed methods for applying the maximum entropy principle to this problem are identified and analyzed. A method that more closely approximates true Bayesian estimation is proposed.     

A new approach to radionuclide imaging using compressed sensing

Abstract

Single-photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are essential medical imaging tools, with inherent drawback of slow data acquisition process. We present a novel compressed sensing-based reconstruction of these images from significantly fewer measurements than traditionally required, thus demonstrating potential of reduction in scan time and radiopharmaceutical doze with benefits for patients and health care economics. Our work effectively shows that high fidelity two-dimensional (2D) SPECT/PET image is reconstructed using compressive sensing with considerably reduced numbers of samples in acquisition stage. The reconstruction of tomographic images is realised by compressed sensing the 2D Fourier projections of k-space data. These 2D projections being sparse in transform domain need fewer samples in k-space and are reconstructed without loss of fidelity. These undersampled Fourier projections can then be backprojected by employing the iterative reconstruction approach for a complete three-dimensional (3D) volume. Compressed sensing of a phantom image and PET bone scintigraphy with radial Fourier samples are performed. The reconstructions of these images are compared to conventionally sampled images using image quality measures like mean square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio and structure similarity (SSIM) index, showing high-quality image reconstruction.     

超声反射CT在水下物体成像中的应用

本文重点介绍了沿平面扫描成像，提出了修正扫描起始点位置以及换能器孔径影响的一种方法，得到较好的实验结果。     

Coherent X-ray imaging of individual islands in GISAXS geometry

In this paper we give theoretical analysis of an image formation and reconstruction of individual islands of nano-size dimensions in the coherent GISAXS experiments. It is shown that there are some favorable conditions with incident angle close to the critical angle when GISAXS diffraction patterns originating from the individual islands can be directly inverted using iterative phase retrieval techniques.     

反射型超声衍射CT迭代重建算法

本文以傅立叶衍射定理为基础,将非均匀傅立叶变换和迭代法相结合,用正则化方法处理迭代的收敛问题,建立了反射型超声衍射成像算法。数据直接在频域中的非均匀频率点上比较,避免了频域内插引入的误差。本算法也减少了采样数据量,降低了运算的复杂度。实验结果表明,在迭代次数不多情况下,重建图像可以达到较好的视觉效果。     

基于梯度投影稀疏重建算法的电容层析成像图像重建

为解决两相流中存在中心物体、物体比较小或存在多个物体且相距较近时电容层析成像(ECT)重建图像精度较差的问题,基于稀疏分布的流型其介电常数分布满足稀疏性的先验条件,采用梯度投影稀疏重建(GPSR-BB)算法进行ECT图像重建。仿真及实验测试结果表明:GPSR-BB算法对于流体中小目标以及复杂流型的图像重建质量较好,重建图像的形状保真度高。     

三维高分辨工业X-CT系统

介绍了采用高分辨CCD面阵列探测器的微焦点三维CT系统的基本结构，应用基于Feldkamp的近似三维重建算法获得了令人满意的图像质量，与以往用线阵列探测器的CT系统比较，该系统具有采集数据快，成像速度快，检测周期短的特点，可实现对被检测陶瓷样品100％的检测，给出了使用该系统检测陶瓷轴承球的DR（数字照相）及CT图像。