超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维表面处理对UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料界面性能的影响机制

从工程化应用角度研究了常压空气等离子体改性对超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维/环氧树脂复合材料界面性能的调节机制,主要分析了不同处理时间对UHMWPE纤维表面状态变化的影响,及其对UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料界面黏结性能的影响规律。采用SEM及纤维吸水测试研究了等离子体处理对UHMWPE纤维表面物理形貌及纤维表面浸润性能的影响,分别以拉伸和弯曲的方式,通过纤维表面脱黏力及层合板层间剪切强度对UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料的界面黏结性能进行表征。结果表明,仅经过4 s的空气等离子体处理之后,UHMWPE纤维表面脱黏力的提高幅度为84.0%,UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的层间剪切强度由未处理的7.01 MPa提高至15.81 MPa,增幅高达125.5%。研究发现,通过常压空气等离子体处理改变了UHMWPE纤维的表面状态,可以显著高效地调节UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能,为扩大该材料的后续工程化应用提供了理论基础。      

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维表面改性及其界面性能研究进展

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维因具有高化学稳定性,高机械性能和低成本等优点而成为理想增强材料之一。然而,规整的非极性分子链结构致使UHMWPE纤维结晶度高、与树脂基体之间几乎无化学键合,本文因而与树脂的粘合性差。为此已经进行了许多纤维表面处理的工作,如紫外辐射、等离子体处理、聚合物涂层等。主要从湿法化学改性和干法化学改性这两方面入手,总结归纳了目前超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的界面改性研究现状,从物理和化学两个方面揭示界面增强机理以及界面性能与复合材料力学性能的关系,为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的界面结构设计和改性提供科学理论依据和技术指导。     

UHMW-PE纤维增强环氧基复合材料界面研究

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMW-PE)纤维经过低温氧等离子体处理后,与环氧树脂基体的界面粘结性能明显改善.本文通过单纤维拔出实验、XPS、SEM、接触角测算等研究了表面改性的作用机理.对影响界面粘结的作用力进行了定量分析,揭示了表面刻蚀坑引起的界面机械铰链力,以及由多种含氧极性基团引起的化学键力和界面非极性分子色散力,它们分别对界面粘结强度的贡献,及其随等离子体处理参数的变化关系.     

UHMW—PE纤维增强氧基复合材料界面研究

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维经过低温氧等离子体处理后，与环氧树脂基体的界面粘结性能明显改善。本文通过单纤维拔出实验，ＸＰＳ，ＳＥＭ，接触角测算研究了表面改性的作用机理。对影响界面粘结的作用力进行了定量分析，提示了表面刻蚀坑引起的界面机械铰链力，以及由多种含氧极性基团引起的化学键力和界面非极性分子色散力，它们分别对界面粘结强度的贡献，及其随等离子体处理参数的变化关系。     

NiTi纤维表面处理及其树脂基复合材料的界面特性

NiTi纤维表面呈惰性,表面能低,NiTi纤维与树脂间界面粘结性差.为了提高界面性能,采用硅烷偶联剂、表面涂层和低温冷等离子体技术等方法对NiTi纤维表面进行处理,改善纤维表面的浸润性,达到纤维与树脂界面良好的粘结.对复合材料进行界面剪切强度的测定,并利用扫描电镜观察拔脱纤维表面形貌的变化.研究表明:NiTi纤维经不同方法处理后,纤维的浸润性和界面的粘结强度均有不同程度的改变,其中冷等离子体处理的纤维再经硅烷处理,其复合材料IFSS提高2.94倍,ILSS提高1.45倍,且纤维与树脂粘合较好.     

冷等离子体处理对PET纤维/环氧复合材料界面改性的研究

采用冷等离子体技术对PET纤维进行表面处理,并采用ESCA对处理前后的纤维表面进行了分析。研究了冷等离子体处理工艺参数对PET纤维/环氧复合材料界面剪切强度、横向拉伸强度的影响。实验结果表明:冷等离子体处理可以使PET纤维表面的氧和氮的极性基团含量增加,从而改善其与树脂的浸润性,进而改善PET纤维/环氧复合材料的界面性能。     

Technora纤维表面等离子体处理对其复合材料界面性能的影响

用扫描电子显微镜观察Technora纤维表面物理形貌并测量单丝纤维的拉伸强度以分析等离子体处理对纤维本体性能的影响,再用层间剪切强度和吸水率分别表征复合材料在室温干态和高温湿态下的界面性能,研究了等离子体处理对Technora纤维复合材料界面性能的影响。结果表明,用等离子体处理后纤维表面的物理形貌发生了显著变化,复合材料的层间剪切强度由未处理时的15.74 MPa提高到24.93 MPa,提高的幅度高达58.4%;同时,复合材料的吸水率下降而本体性能基本不受影响。上述结果表明,等离子体对Technora纤维的表面改性能有效地改善其复合材料的界面性能。     

类金刚石薄膜的表面纳米划擦性能评价

用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积在钛合金表面制备了类金刚石薄膜,利用纳米压入仪及其附件研究了薄膜与纳米划擦有关的力学性能．结果表明：随薄膜厚度的增加,其硬度略有增加,但增幅较小,弹性模量没有明显的相应规律;薄膜在划擦过程中,随载荷增加,先后经历薄膜变形、薄膜与基体共同变形及薄膜剥离三个阶段;在薄膜变形阶段,划擦对薄膜的损害较小;当压头进入薄膜一定深度后,划擦后薄膜与基体的变形不同步,造成薄膜沿划痕向两边形成整齐排列的小裂纹,呈鱼骨状;达到临界载荷值时,薄膜在界面处发生脆性剥落;随膜厚增加,薄膜的临界载荷增大,因其残余应力的相应增大而发生大面积脆性剥落．     

币形裂纹纤维桥联效应力学分析

本文基于Ｃａｓｔｉｇｌｉａｎｏ＇ｓ定理和界面剪滞模型，得到了含界面相效应的复合材料币形裂纹纤维桥联增韧和裂纹张开位移控制方程。并按照第二类Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ积分方程的迭代解法给出其数值结果。为便于分析界面相参数对增韧效果等影响，寻求了该控制方程的近似解，对近似解进行了误差估计。在此基础上得到了界面剪切模量、裂纹长度、界面厚度、纤维半径，纤维体积分数以及材料性质等参数对币形裂纹桥联效应的影响。     

等离子体处理对聚乙烯纤维-环氧树脂粘结性能的影响EI

初步讨论了等离子体处理对聚乙烯纤维-环氧树脂粘接性能的影响。采用拔出实验测量了粘结强度,实验结果表明等离子体处理对粘结强度有显著改进,而对纤维抗拉强度和拉伸模量影响较小。     

Adhesion of PBO fiber in epoxy composites

A composite of poly p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO) fiber and epoxy resin has excellent electrical insulation properties. However, it is a challenging issue to improve its mechanical properties because of poor adhesion between PBO fiber and matrix. The relatively smooth and chemically inactive surface of PBO fiber prevent efficient chemical bonding in the composite interface. Here, we report the surface modification of PBO fibers by UV irradiation, O₂ and NH₃ plasma, as well as acidic treatments. We found that the surface free energy and roughness are increased for both sized and extracted fibers after plasma treatments together with maleic anhydride grafting. The sized fiber shows marginal improvement in adhesion strength and no change in fiber tensile strength because of the barrier effect of the finish. For the extracted fiber, however, the tensile strength of the fiber is sensitive to surface treatment conditions and considerable strength reduction occurred, particularly for cases of acidic treatments and UV irradiation. This is because that the treatments increase the surface roughness and introduce more surface flaws. The extracted fiber surface has no adequate wetting and functional groups, which in turn results in coarse interface structures and causes reduction or no apparent variation of the adhesion strength. The fracture surfaces after single fiber pull-out tests exhibit adhesive interfacial failure along the fiber surface, which is further confirmed by similar adhesion strength and interlaminar shear strength values when the fiber was embedded in various epoxy resins with different temperature behavior.     

Effect of oxygen plasma treatment of PPTA and PBO fibers on the interfacial properties of single fiber/epoxy composites studied by Raman spectroscopy

The interfacial micromechanics of single poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide (PPTA) and poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO) fibers embedded in an epoxy resin has been investigated by determining the interfacial shear stress distributions along the fiber length. The effects of an oxygen plasma treatment on the interfacial shear stress of the fiber-epoxy systems are analyzed. Raman spectroscopy was used to map the stress distributions along the fiber when the composite is subjected to a small axial tensile strain (3.5% for PPTA and 2.5% for PBO). The quality of the interface or adhesion was improved after the surface treatment, supporting the ability of plasma oxidation to enhance the adhesion of high-performance fibers to epoxy resins. The tensile behavior of fiber-reinforced systems was different in each case. PPTA reinforcements underwent fragmentation, likely by fiber microfailure, whereas debonding or bridging is the most probable fragmentation mechanism in the case of PBO.     

单丝断裂能量法研究温度对碳纤维/环氧界面性能的影响

针对两种不同上浆剂碳纤维/高温固化环氧树脂体系, 采用基于WND(Wagner-Nairn-Detassis)能量模型的单丝断裂法, 测试分析了从室温到130 ℃范围内单丝复合体系界面断裂能的变化规律, 研究了碳纤维上浆剂对界面耐热性能的影响, 并结合复合材料层板的短梁剪切性能, 分析了微观和宏观界面性能的关联性。结果表明: 在测试温度范围内, 碳纤维/环氧体系的界面断裂能随温度升高呈先下降而后基本不变的趋势, 去除上浆剂后界面断裂能及其随温度的变化程度与未去除上浆剂的情况存在差异, 说明上浆剂对界面耐热性有重要作用。碳纤维/环氧树脂层板层间剪切强度随温度升高线性下降, 与界面断裂能的变化规律不一致, 这与两种测试方法的原理及界面破坏位置的不同有关。      

Fracture mechanisms during fiber pull-out for carbon-fiber-reinforced thermosetting composites

We have investigated the mechanism of fiber/resin debonding in three untreated and three corresponding plasma-treated carbon-fiber-reinforced thermosetting micro-composites by examining the fiber/resin fracture surfaces with the aid of wetting force scanning. The wettability of a debonded microdroplet resin site (50–150 μm long) on a fiber was compared with that of the original fiber surface by scanning with ethylene glycol. Wetting force scans show that, for most fiber/resin combinations, the original location of the interface had a distinctly different wetting force as compared with adjacent non-bonded fiber surfaces. This suggested either the removal of a layer of carbon fiber along with the resin or a sub-microscopic cohesive failure in the resin leaving a thin residual layer of the resin on the fiber. For only a few specimens, no change in wetting force at the resin site was observed, suggesting adhesive failure of the interface. The different failure mechanisms proposed for various fiber/resin systems are explained on the basis of the morphological structures of the carbon fibers, cohesive shear strengths of the resins and the measured bond strengths.     

Flexural and impact response of woven glass fiber fabric/polypropylene composites

Impact tests with a falling dart and flexural measurements were carried out on polypropylene based laminates reinforced with glass fibers fabrics. Research has shown that the strong fiber/matrix interface obtained through the use of a compatibilizer increased the mechanical performance of such composite systems. The improved adhesion between fibers and matrix weakly affects the flexural modulus but strongly influences the ultimate properties of the investigated woven fabric composites. In fact, bending tests have shown a clear improvement in the flexural strength for the compatibilized systems, in particular when a high viscosity/high crystallinity polypropylene was used. On the contrary, the low velocity impact tests indicated an opposite dependence on the interface strength, and higher energy absorption in not compatibilized composites was detected. This result has been explained in terms of failure mechanisms at the fiber/matrix interface, which are able to dissipate large amounts of energy through friction phenomena. Pull-out of fibers from the polypropylene matrices have been evidenced by the morphological analysis of fracture surfaces after failure and takes place before the fibers breakage, as confirmed by the evaluation of the ductility index.     

改性酚醛树脂处理剂对石英纤维增强芳基乙炔复合材料性能的影响

采用改性酚醛树脂作为石英纤维表面处理剂来提高石英纤维增强芳基乙炔复合材料(SF/PAA)界面性能。通过性能测试,研究处理剂对力学性能和介电性能的影响。通过XPS和SEM分析方法,研究了酚醛树脂表面处理剂对复合材料界面官能团变化和微观形貌的影响。性能测试结果表明改性酚醛树脂处理剂可以显著提高PAA复合材料的力学性能和介电性能。XPS分析结果表明酚醛树脂处理后的石英纤维表面与酚醛树脂发生了化学反应,SEM研究表明酚醛树脂处理后的复合材料界面粘结性能得到显著提高。     

碳纤维表面处理及其对碳纤维/树脂界面影响的研究

碳纤维增强树脂/石墨复合材料是树脂/石墨双极板材料的一个主要研究内容,纤维与树脂间的界面结合是其中的关键问题.综述了碳纤维的氧化处理、偶联剂涂层处理和等离子体处理方法及各种处理方法对碳纤维/树脂界面的影响.对碳纤维的表面处理,可以提高碳纤维与树脂的界面粘接力,获得良好的界面层,达到对界面的优化处理.     

碳纤维阳极表面处理对CF/MDF水泥复合材料性能影响研究

实验结果表明,碳纤维的阳极氧化表面处理是有效改善碳纤维/MDF水泥界面粘结性的方法,不经处理的碳纤维增强MDF水泥复合材料的性能比基体低,阳极氧化表面处理改善了碳纤维/MDF水泥界面的粘结性,使复合材料的性能提高.实验中根据复合材料性能随碳纤维阳极处理条件变化,得到了用于增强MDF水泥的沥青基碳纤维的最佳阳极处理电位.加入2.0wt%最佳电位下处理后的沥青碳纤维,可使CF/MDF水泥复合材料力性σ_f与α_k分别达到116.4MPa和1.63kJ/m2,它比基体对应性能分别提高30%和20%.     

Mechanical and thermal characterization of epoxy composites reinforced with random and quasi-unidirectional untreated Phormium tenax leaf fibers

The present work investigates tensile and flexural behavior of untreated New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax) fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Two series of laminates were produced using the same reinforcement content (20 wt%), arranged either as short fibers or quasi-unidirectional ones. Composites reinforced using quasi-unidirectional fibers showed higher modulus and strength both in tensile and flexural loading, when compared to neat epoxy resin. Short fiber composites, although still superior to epoxy resin both for tensile and flexural moduli, proved inferior in strength, especially as concerns tensile strength. These results have been supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which allowed characterizing fiber–matrix interface, and by acoustic emission (AE) analysis, which enabled investigating failure mechanisms. In addition, thermal behavior of both untreated phormium fibers and composites has been studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), revealing the thermal stability of composites to be higher than for phormium fibers and epoxy matrix alone.     

炭纤维特性与炭纤维/环氧树脂界面断裂能关联分析

采用基于WND(Wagner-Nairn-Detassis)能量模型的单丝断裂法,测试了5种国产炭纤维、2种国外炭纤维与航空结构用环氧树脂复合体系的界面断裂能,通过SEM,AFM,IR以及XPS等手段分析了7种炭纤维的表面物理化学特性,并研究了炭纤维特性与界面断裂能的关联。结果表明:对于所研究的炭纤维/环氧树脂体系,去除炭纤维表面上浆剂后界面断裂能下降,说明上浆剂可以在一定程度上提高界面的韧性。此外,实验范围内,纤维拉伸强度较高时,测得的界面断裂能较高,炭纤维表面粗糙度较高时,测得界面断裂能较高,说明纤维拉伸性能和表面粗糙度对界面韧性有重要影响,而与这两种因素相比,上浆剂的种类影响相对较小。研究结果为高性能国产炭纤维的研发和炭纤维/树脂匹配性的评价提供了重要的实验数据。