空心玻璃微珠造孔制备多孔莫来石陶瓷及其性能EI北大核心

以煤矸石和铝矾土为原料,空心玻璃微珠为造孔剂,采用压制成型烧结制备多孔莫来石陶瓷。研究空心玻璃微珠添加量和烧结温度对物相组成、显微结构、抗弯强度和耐酸碱腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:提高空心玻璃微珠添加量可以增大多孔陶瓷气孔率;空心玻璃微珠的添加可以促进莫来石相的形成,降低烧结温度。在一定温度范围内提高烧结温度可以增大气孔率,但烧结温度超过1350℃后气孔率开始下降。保持Al_(2)O_(3)∶SiO_(2)摩尔比为3∶2,调整空心玻璃微珠添加量至1.68%(质量分数),在1350℃保温2 h烧结条件下可获得气孔率为33.23%、抗弯强度为56.41 MPa的多孔莫来石陶瓷,其耐酸碱腐蚀性能良好。     

粉煤灰为原料利用淀粉原位固化成型技术制备多孔莫来石

基于淀粉在水中可以吸水膨胀的性质,以粉煤灰为原料,采用淀粉原位固化成型方法成功地制备了多孔莫来石陶瓷.研究了不同的淀粉(玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉)做成孔剂对形成的多孔莫来石陶瓷的结构(孔的大小、气孔率)和性能的影响.研究表明马铃薯淀粉形成的气孔较玉米淀粉大,且在相同淀粉含量和烧成温度下坯体具有较高的气孔率和较多的通孔,但其坯体气孔率随烧成温度的提高有较大衰减.在较优化的条件下,莫来石多孔陶瓷显气孔率可以达到48％,抗折强度达到42MPa.     

莫来石含量对钙长石/莫来石复相多孔陶瓷组织结构与性能的影响

以CaCO₃、SiO₂、α-Al₂O₃为原料, 采用泡沫注凝法制备了不同莫来石含量的钙长石/莫来石复相多孔陶瓷, 研究了莫来石含量对复相多孔陶瓷的体积密度、气孔率、抗压强度、热导率及微观组织和结构的影响. 结果表明, 莫来石含量对气孔率有很大的影响, 烧结过程中液相出现引起的收缩是气孔率下降的主要原因; 在气孔率相近的情况下, 莫来石含量较高试样的抗压强度和热导率也较高, 致密的孔壁、长柱状的莫来石晶粒使得复相多孔陶瓷的抗压强度提高. 所制备的钙长石/莫来石复相多孔陶瓷的开口气孔率介于60.8%~75.2%, 抗压强度为12.94~36.95 MPa, 热导率为0.30~1.33 W/(m·K).     

多孔蓄热材料基体的制备与性能研究

莫来石纤维多孔陶瓷以其高气孔率、优良的力学性能可作为复合蓄热材料的基体.讨论了不同浓度的偏磷酸铝粘结剂在不同处理温度下对多孔陶瓷孔隙率、容重及抗压强度的影响.结果表明,随粘结剂浓度的增大,抗压强度也提高,同时伴随着显气孔率的降低.粘结剂浓度为25%、处理温度为650℃时.可制备出显气孔率为83.93%、抗压强度为2.02MPa、显微结构均匀的莫来石多孔陶瓷基体.     

基于激光选区烧结的煤系高岭土多孔陶瓷的制备及其性能

以煤系高岭土为原料,采用激光选区烧结(SLS)技术制造复杂结构的多孔陶瓷,研究SLS工艺参数和烧结温度对煤系高岭土多孔陶瓷性能的影响。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征煤系高岭土多孔陶瓷的物相组成和显微形貌。结果表明:煤系高岭土/环氧树脂E12复合粉末SLS成型效果良好;当激光功率为5W,扫描速率为2000mm/s,扫描间距为0.13mm,单层层厚为0.15mm时,陶瓷素坯可获得最佳的成型质量,其尺寸误差(Z方向),相对密度和抗弯强度分别为10.43%,37.89%和0.984MPa。随着烧结温度的升高,煤系高岭土多孔陶瓷的收缩率和抗弯强度逐渐增大,而显气孔率则逐渐减小;当烧结温度为1450℃时,煤系高岭土多孔陶瓷具有较高的显气孔率和抗弯强度,分别为44.55%和6.1MPa。煤系高岭土多孔陶瓷的主晶相为莫来石,具有典型的三维网络骨架结构。     

凝胶注模成型制备纳米复合多孔氮化硅陶瓷

采用凝胶注模成型两步法烧结工艺,利用纳米碳粉增强,成功地制备出了具有高强度、结构比较均匀并有较高气孔率的氮化硅多孔陶瓷。借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、Archimedes法和三点弯曲法等方法对多孔氮化硅陶瓷的微观结构和基本力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:在适当工艺条件下可制成平均强度>100 MPa、气孔率>60%的多孔氮化硅陶瓷。SEM照片显示气孔是由长柱状β-Si₃N₄晶搭接而成的,气孔分布均匀。XRD图谱显示有SiC生成。发育良好的柱晶结构、均匀的气孔分布以及反应生成的SiC微晶是获得高性能的主要原因。      

采用定向SiC纳米线烧结制备高强多孔SiC陶瓷

利用直接墨水打印方法制备了由定向SiC纳米线交错叠层组成的具备网络状孔隙结构的高强SiC多孔陶瓷。制备的碳化硅多孔陶瓷具有高的通孔结构和完全由定向SiC纳米线组装而成的结构特征。研究了烧结温度对定向SiC纳米线多孔陶瓷的微观结构、相组成演变及力学性能的影响。研究结果表明: 烧结温度低于1900 ℃时, SiC纳米线能保持高长径比; 1850 ℃烧结制备的定向SiCNWs多孔陶瓷的密度、气孔率和中位孔径分别为1.49 g/cm³、54.6%和~1 μm。得益于SiC纳米线的高强度以及取向排布, SiC纳米线多孔陶瓷的压缩强度高达(245.5±0.7) MPa。     

硅溶胶添加对氧化铝多孔陶瓷烧结性能的影响

以煅烧α-Al2 O3粉末为原料,硅溶胶为高温结合剂,羧甲基纤维素钠为成型黏结剂,通过混料、困料、模压成型、高温烧结等工序制备氧化铝多孔陶瓷,利用SEM和XRD对多孔陶瓷微观形貌和晶体结构进行测试,并对多孔陶瓷的线收缩率、体积密度、显气孔率和抗弯强度进行表征,系统地研究硅溶胶添加对氧化铝多孔陶瓷高温烧结特性的影响.结果表明:低温下硅溶胶的热解产物石英型SiO2将氧化铝颗粒黏结起来,形成物理黏结,能提高多孔陶瓷的力学性能;烧结温度达1500℃时,SiO2开始与氧化铝反应形成莫来石,莫来石结合相的生成使得氧化铝多孔陶瓷趋于致密,力学性能优异,抗弯强度可达(105.5±8.0)MPa;随烧结温度的升高莫来石生成量增多,导致氧化铝多孔陶瓷的体积膨胀,进而使得孔隙率增大,力学性能降低.烧结温度介于1400～1500℃之间时,可以得到微观结构合理、力学性能优异、孔隙率适中的氧化铝多孔陶瓷.     

原位反应结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备与性能

以碳化硅(SiC)和氧化铝(Al₂O₃)为起始原料、石墨为造孔剂, 通过原位反应结合工艺制备SiC多孔陶瓷. XRD分析表明多孔陶瓷的主相是SiC, 结合相是莫来石与方石英; SEM观察到多孔陶瓷具有相互连通的开孔结构. 坯体在烧结前后具有很小的尺寸变化, 线收缩率约在±1.5%内. 多孔陶瓷的开口孔隙率随烧结温度和成型压力的增大而减小, 随石墨加入量的增加而增大; 而体密度具有相反的变化趋势. 随着石墨粒径的增大, 多孔陶瓷的孔径分布呈现双峰分布. 抗弯强度随烧结温度和成型压力的增大而增大, 随石墨加入量的增大而减小. 于1450℃保温4h烧成的样品在0～800℃的平均热膨胀系数为6.4×10^-6/K. 多孔陶瓷还表现出良好的透气性、抗高温氧化和耐酸腐蚀性, 但耐碱腐蚀性相对较差.     

基于硅藻土多孔微珠的多孔陶瓷制备及过滤性能研究

采用硅藻土多孔微珠和玻璃粉多孔微珠为原料,通过干压成型的方法制备多孔陶瓷坯体,经干燥、烧结后得到多孔陶瓷。研究了烧结温度对其开气孔率,比表面积,中位孔径,抗压强度和晶相的影响,并研究了其对细菌总数及浊度色度的过滤效果。研究表明,经800℃煅烧的多孔陶瓷抗压强度为(1.91±0.09) MPa,中位孔径为7.4μm,比表面积为2.9 m~2/g,开气孔率可达75%,有利于水通量的提高。对菌落总数的截留效率达到99%以上,过滤后水的浊度,色度达到生活饮用水卫生规范,其有望应用于自来水厂的深度处理工艺及终端水处理设备中的粗滤内芯,具有良好的应用前景。     

Fabrication and characterization of highly porous mullite ceramics

Highly porous mullite ceramics were fabricated by a reaction-bonding technique from a powder mixture of Al₂O₃ and SiC, with graphite particles as the pore-forming agent. The effects of sintering temperature on porosity and strength as well as pore size and surface area were investigated. It has been shown that the strength and pore size increase but the porosity and surface area decrease with the increase in sintering temperature. Due to the formation of a fine-grained microstructure with well-developed necks, an average strength up to 106 MPa was achieved at a porosity of 32.4%. On the other hand, a relatively high surface area of 12.4 m² g⁻¹ was obtained for a 61% porous mullite ceramic, which was observed to have a good thermal-shock resistance to crack propagation.     

Gas permeability behavior of mullite-bonded porous silicon carbide ceramics

An apparatus was developed to evaluate the gas permeability behavior of mullite (3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂)-bonded porous silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics at room temperature. The permeability was calculated according to Forchheimer’s equation for the compressible gas. It was found that the sintering temperature and graphite (pore former) addition during the fabrication of the porous ceramics affect the permeability extremely by varying the texture of porous ceramics such as the open porosity, pore size distribution and tortuosity of pore channels. The increased sintering temperature results in a decreased Darcian (viscous) permeability but an increased non-Darcian (inertial) permeability. However, more graphite additions lead to the larger Darcian and non-Darcian permeability.     

Thermal shock resistance of the porous Al2O3/ZrO2 ceramics prepared by gelcasting

Porous Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ ceramics with porosity varying from 6% to 50% were fabricated by gelcasting using polystyrene (PS) as pore-forming agent. The effects of sintering temperature on porosity, strength as well as pore size were investigated. The flexural strength of these porous ceramics at room temperature significantly decreases as the porosity increases. Thermal shock resistance of these ceramics was improved by increasing the porosity. Both the critical difference temperature (ΔT_c) and residual strength of high porosity ceramics were higher than those of low porosity ceramics. These improvements can be attributed to the pores in the specimens which relax the thermal shock stress and arrest the propagation of microcracks effectively, which is confirmed by XRD analysis of specimens which encountered different thermal shock temperature difference.     

Reaction-sintered porous mineral-based mullite ceramic membrane supports made from recycled materials

Bulk porous mullite supports for ceramic membranes were prepared directly using a mixture of industrial waste fly ash and bauxite by dry-pressing, followed by sintering between 1200 and 1550 °C. The effects of sintering temperature on the phase composition and shrinkage percent of porous mullite were studied. The XRD results indicate that secondary mullitization reaction took place above 1200 °C, and completed at 1450 °C. During sintering, the mixture samples first shrunk, then expanded abnormally between 1326 and 1477 °C, and finally shrunk again above 1477 °C. This unique volume self-expansion is ascribed to the secondary mullitization reaction between bauxite and fly ash. More especially, the micro-structural variations induced by this self-expansion sintering were verified by SEM, porosity, pore size distribution and nitrogen gas permeation flux. During self-expansion sintering, with increasing temperature, an abnormal increase in both open porosity and pore size is observed, which also results in the increase of nitrogen gas flux. The mineral-based mullite supports with increased open porosity were obtained. Furthermore, the sintered porous mullite membrane supports were characterized in terms of thermal expansion co-efficient and mechanical strength.     

含前驱体SiC粉体低压成型低温烧结SiC多孔陶瓷

采用聚碳硅烷和SiC粉体为原料低压成型低温烧结制备SiC多孔陶瓷,研究了聚碳硅烷含量对SiC多孔陶瓷性能的影响。SEM分析表明,聚碳硅烷裂解产物将SiC颗粒粘结起来,多孔陶瓷具有相互连通的开孔结构。烧成SiC多孔陶瓷的孔隙孔径为单峰分布、分布窄,室温至800℃之间多孔陶瓷的平均热膨胀系数为4.2×10-6 K-1。随着聚碳硅烷含量的增大,SiC多孔陶瓷的孔隙率降低、三点弯折强度增大,当聚碳硅烷质量分数为10%时分别为44.3%和31.7MPa。     

高强隔热刚玉-镁铝尖晶石-莫来石多孔陶瓷材料的制备

以氧化铝、石英粉和电熔镁砂为主要原料,以纸浆废液为结合剂,通过原位反应烧结制备复相高强隔热陶瓷,研究MgO添加量对所制备多孔陶瓷的显气孔率、抗折强度、耐压强度和抗热震性能的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子万能试验机对材料的物相组成、显微结构和力学性能进行表征,并对多孔陶瓷的显气孔率和抗热震性能进行测试。结果表明:5%(质量分数)电熔镁砂与氧化铝、石英粉在1450℃下原位反应烧结3h可制备得到刚玉-镁铝尖晶石-莫来石多孔复相陶瓷,耐压强度达270.25MPa,抗折强度超过45MPa,同时显气孔率达26.46%,常温导热系数为1.469W·m^-1·K^-1,隔热性能良好,且3次热震后的残余抗折强度保持率超过27%,是极具应用前景的工业窑炉内衬材料。其中MgO含量变化会直接影响该多孔陶瓷三相组成、相形态、气孔孔径及分布,使得多孔陶瓷抗折强度、耐压强度和抗热震性能呈现非单调变化的规律。     

Preparation and properties of mullite-bonded porous SiC ceramics using porous alumina as oxide

Mullite-bonded porous silicon carbide ceramics were prepared by an in situ reaction bonding technique and sintering in air with SiC, porous Al₂O₃, and graphite as starting materials. The pores in the ceramics were formed by burning graphite and by stacking particles of SiC and Al₂O₃. The surface of SiC was oxidized to SiO₂ at high temperature. With a further increase in temperature, SiO₂ reacted with Al₂O₃ to form mullite. The reaction-bonding characteristics, phase composition, open porosity, mechanical strength as well as the microstructure of porous SiC ceramics were investigated.