The influence of the polarization of the radiation on the accuracy of the transmission of the dimensions of the unit of temperature in radiation thermometry

The results of an investigation of different types of tungsten lamps in order to estimate the components of the error budget of spectrum-pyrometer apparatus are presented. Quantitative relations are considered and the results of experimental research, which enable systematic methods to be developed for eliminating the influence of polarization of the radiation of the lamps in standard radiation thermometry, are analyzed.Translated from Izmeritelnaya Tekhnika, No. 9, pp. 42–45, September, 2004.     

Influence of the coefficient of vaporization on the parameters of the gas near the surface

The dependence of the coefficient of concentration jump on the coefficient of vaporization for a diluted binary mixture, when the concentrations of the components are significantly different, has been investigated. The analytical expression of the concentration jump for the case where the frequency of collisions of molecules is in proportion to their velocity has been obtained. __________ Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 121–126, March–April, 2007.     

降低反渗透设备出水电导率的方法

反渗透设备是水处理行业常用设备,广泛用于纯水、高纯水等的预处理.通过试验,找到两种降低反渗透设备出水电导率的方法:反渗透设备进水软化后加碱和反渗透设备进水酸化后脱气,这两种方法都有一定的应用范围,应根据工艺要求和运行费用选择使用.     

贮槽液位测量单片机应用系统

本文研究用８０９８单片机对密闭大贮槽的贮液容量进行自动检测的应用系统，解决了把贮槽液位测量传感器输出的电流信号直接转换成贮液重量进行显示，从而使显示直观、清晰．     

Method of including the anisotropy of the optical properties of the surface and the nonunidimensionality of the system in determining the effective radiation

Based on the method of successive substitutions, an integral equation is derived in which multiple reflections are explicitly identified. This equation is used provide simple methods of estimating the local effective radiation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems of surfaces, with due regard for the anisotropy of their optical properties. A cylindrical cavity confined by the surface of a right circular cylinder with a side pyrometric hole is treated as an example. The results obtained by the suggested method are compared with the data of direct solution of an integral equation for the two-dimensional problem.     

Variety of the representation of the nonstationary temperature of fuel elements depending on the form of the distribution of the heat sources

The author proposes a representation of the solution of the heat-conduction equation in the form of expansions in basis functions that are selected depending on the form of the distribution of the internal heat sources. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 73, No. 4, pp. 761–772, July–August, 2000.     

近红外技术应用于成品卷烟的内在质量稳定性控制

以某品牌卷烟为例,采用傅立叶变换近红外光谱技术采集成品卷烟的近红外光谱,结合连续流动法测定样品中还原糖、烟碱、氯、钾含量的数据,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)分别建立了预测品牌卷烟烟丝中还原糖、烟碱、氯、钾及糖碱比、钾氯比的近红外模型,模型的相关系数(除钾外)都在0.95以上。用建立的模型快速检测红狼卷烟的各化学成分,通过值的波动范围初步监控成品的质量稳定性。并采集它们的近红外光谱,应用连续小波变换(CWT)对原始光谱进行预处理,再对CWT系数进行主成分分析(PCA),在PCA分析的基础上引入马氏距离算法建立成品卷烟质量稳定性评价模型。通过研究光谱预处理对卷烟样品分类鉴别的影响,确定马氏距离阈值Dthro,结合近红外定量测定值与马氏距离阈值Dthro,对卷烟产品质量稳定性进行评价和控制。     

Uniqueness of the solution of the inverse problem for the coefficients of the linear heat-conduction equation

We consider the problems of unambiguous determination of coefficients of the linear heat-conduction equation from measurements on a temperature field.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 476–483, March, 1982.     

An estimate of the effect of the relative dimensions of a standard and the target on the accuracy of the determination of the scattering characteristics of radar targets

A method of estimating the error in measuring the effective scattering surface of a target by the substitution method, resulting from the difference in the linear dimensions of the target and a standard reflector is described. Recommendations are made for increasing the accuracy of measurements of the scattering characteristics of radar targets in the transition and near zones.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 25–26, January, 1994.     

The influence of the stability of the capacitance of compressed-gascapacitors by the contraction of the electric field

The phenomenon of voltage-induced capacitance fluctuations in some compressed-gas, high-voltage capacitors has been observed. The experimental results show that the contraction of the electric field at the part of the insulating housing near the lower end of the high-voltage electrode is probably the main cause of the phenomenon. For measurement requiring high stability, the working voltage must be decreased properly     

Analysis of the effect of the shape of the radiation pattern on the accuracy of azimuth measurements by the monopulse method

The effect of the shape of the radiation pattern of the difference channel of a monopulse antenna on the accuracy of angular-coordinate measurements is estimated. The least root mean square deviation is obtained using a radiation pattern with a Chebyshev amplitude distribution. Of the practical amplitude distributions a “parabola on a pedestal” of 0.1–0.316 is preferable. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 53–54, April, 1998.     

Determination of the characteristics of distribution of the fatigue limits of materials on the basis of the energy approach

We propose a method for the determination of the mean value of the fatigue limit of a material and its mean-square deviation according to the results of standard fatigue tests. The interpretation of these results from the viewpoint of energy enables us to establish the relationship between the individual durability of specimens and their potential ability to withstand fatigue fracture in the form of individual fatigue limits. Institute for Problems of Strength, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine. Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 4, pp. 28–33, July–August, 1998.     

Approximate determination of the magnitude of the critical size in the problem of the evolution of an impact

The evolution of a nonlinear dynamic system after the action of a localized effect (impact) is examined. A semiquantitative method is suggested for determining the critical size of the impact upon exceeding which the diffusional mode of decay in the system is replaced by a wave mode of propagation. The use of the proposed technique to evaluate the critical size of an impact in a realistic model of an oceanic ecological system is demonstrated.P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 66, No. 4, pp. 398–404, April, 1994.     

Analysis of the specific features of loading of the elements of landing gears of aircrafts aimed at the evaluation of the load-bearing capacity of the structure

We propose a computational scheme of the aircraft nose landing gear and perform the analysis of weak sections in the landing-gear lever by the finite-element method. We determine the loading modes in which the landing-gear lever is subjected to disproportional cyclic loads, which should be taken into account in the evaluation of the service life and determination of the properties of applied materials. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 4, pp. 87–93, July–August, 2008.     

The Influence of the Atmosphere on the Wavelength of the He-Ne Laser and the Solution of Corrections of the Laser Interferometer

A simple approximation of the wavelength of single frequency He-Ne laser as a function of temperature, pressure and relative humidity is presented. This approximation is suitable for the simple application in the portable laser interferometer. Comparison with the Owens and Edlén formulae is also presented and it is shown that the linear correction limits its accuracy.     

Approximate calculation of the concentration of elements of the coating in the condition of the functional dependence of the diffusion coefficient on this concentration

Translated from Fiziko-Khimicheskaya Mekhanika Materialov, No. 5, pp. 47–51, September–October, 1988.     

On the Redefinition of the Second and the Velocity of Light

This summary article resulted from an informal discussion period held during the International Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements, August 14-17, 1962. This session was presided over by Prof. Norman Ramsey of Harvard University. The Radio Standards Laboratory of the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, Colorado, sponsored the meeting along with the IRE Professional Group on Instrumentation and the AIEE Instrumentation Division. Partial support for the conference came from a grant from the National Science Foundation.     

Analysis of the operation of the dynamic frequency multiplier of the pulse sequence

Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 33–34, April, 1990.     

感压膜片预张力对电容薄膜真空规输出特性的影响

电容薄膜真空规中感压膜片在安装时通常须先施加预张力,再固定。为研究感压膜片预张力对电容薄膜真空规输出特性的影响,以现有电容薄膜真空规为对象,基于COMSOL Multiphysics软件,建立有限元模型,得到了不同预张力下输出电容的仿真解,并与理论计算结果进行了比较,分析了预张力对输出电容的影响。同时分析了真空规线性度、灵敏度随预张力的变化规律,并对感压膜片在最大负载情况下的强度进行了校核。结果表明:预张力对真空规的输出特性影响明显,输出电容随预张力的增大而减小,输出电容理论计算值与仿真值基本吻合;预张力越大,真空规线性度越好,但灵敏度越低;当感压膜片预张力为50 MPa时,真空规的线性度为7.3%,灵敏度为0.0433 pF/Pa,通过电路补偿后,可获得较好的线性度与灵敏度;感压膜片最大负载情况下的应力为95.5 MPa,能够满足工作要求。