Ways of Increasing Synergy in Automated Factory Design and Commissioning Teamwork

The present paper is focused on the problems of reducing losses of resources at the start-up of new automated factories caused by human shortcomings in teamwork activities. The research is based on a unique database of empirical studies of human faults and mistakes at the design and commissioning of factory automation systems. This database covers over 25 automated factories on three continents, containing pulp and paper mills, chemical and petrochemical plants and power stations. It is shown that the most suitable tool for teamwork analysis is the design structure matrix （DSM）method, which allows visualisation of the full complexity of synergy relations between all team members on the basis of the frequency and amount of information interchange. The mathematical treatment of DSM matrixes enables us to form the most capable teams, to schedule and evaluate their activities. It is shown that as a result of logical analysis it is possible to create an optimal communication and cooperation system, where the competences and capabilities of the teams and their members can be more fully exploited.     

Project Management and Coordination of Distributed Cooperative Product Design in a Virtual Enterprise

The architecture of project management of distributed concurrent product design in a virtual enterprise is put forward. The process of project management and its functions are presented. Product design process coordination is also discussed. First, based on the analysis of traditional project management, project management and coordination of distributed cooperative product design in the virtual enterprise is put forward. Then, aiming at the characteristics of a distributed concurrent product design process, the inherent rules and complex interrelations in product development are studied. Accordingly, the architecture of project management of distributed cooperative product design in a virtual enterprise is presented to adapt to distributed concurrent development of complex products. The main advantages of the architecture are also discussed. Finally, the emphasis is placed on the project management process. Its main functions are set forth, such as projectdefinition, task decomposition and distribution, resource cortstraints and dynamic resource scheduling, process fusion, task scheduling and monitoring, project plan, cost and quality evaluation, etc.     

试论产品创新与包装的关系

Creation is the key factor for the present enterprises in product development and marketing.But how to creat and in why?The writer believes that creation is not only in product development,but also in its packaging design.Without product design creation,the product creation and its unique personality will not be displayes.However design creation for new products is relying on creative thinking.The writer showed examples of product creation and its successful practice.     

产品文化性“主题”与造型依据

Today, the products of same category are becoming similar and similar in their shape designing. This obviously cannot meet the consumers' requirement for the diversity and personality of the products appearance, In this situation, a lot of enterprises face the severe competition and have to lower their prices. So how to make use of the cultural potential inside products is the key strategy for enterprises to win the market. With the example of designing refrigerator, this article discusses how to put culture into the product shape designing. The writer thinks that shape designing must be based on the product's cultural theme.     

Parametric Collaborative Design of Network-based Mechanical Products

Aiming at the problems of low-level information sharing,slow transmission and repetitive work in the designing process of product series,the internet-oriented parametric collaborative design method is proposed,in which the problems of sharing conflict and network heterogeneous in the distributed collaborative design are analyzed,and the construction method of collaborative design platforms based on PDMWorks Workgroup is put forward. Through studying the mechanism of roles distribution and function allocation and data concurrency control,the communication mechanism of internet-oriented collaborative design is formulated. On the basis of structure features of overhead travelling crane,through combining parametric variant design with collaborative design,internet-oriented parametric collaborative design system of overhead travelling crane is developed and verified through main girder design. In the paper,the internet-oriented parametric collaborative design method is proposed,aiming to solve the problems of low-level information sharing,slow transmission and repetitive work in the designing process of product series. The problems of sharing conflict and network heterogeneous in the distributed collaborative design are analyzed. The construction method of collaborative design platforms based on PDMWorks Workgroup is put forward. The communication mechanism of internet-oriented collaborative design is formulated,through studying the mechanism of roles distribution and function allocation and data concurrency control. On the basis of structure features of overheadtravelling crane,through combining parametric variant design with collaborative design,internet-oriented parametric collaborative design system of overhead travelling crane is developed and verified through main girder design.     

A Case Retrieval Projection Pursuit Model for Configuration Design of a Product Family

The paper studies on case-based reasoning of uncertain product attributes in configuration design of a product family.Interval numbers characterize uncertain product attributes.By interpolating a number of certain values randomly to replace interval numbers and making projection pursuit analysis on source cases and target cases of expanded numbers,we can get a projection value in the optimal projection direction.Based on projection value,we can construct a case retrieval model of projection pursuit that can handle coexisting certain and uncertain product attributes.The application examples of chainsaw configuration design show that case retrieval is highly sensitive to reliable results.     

Analytic solution of phreatic surface in the slope of reservoir bank

In most cases, the slope stability of reservoir bank is analyzed on the premise that the location of phreatic surface is obtained. But many designers generalize a line as the phreatic surface through their experience to analyze the stability, which is unsafe in the project. To find a solution to the phreatic surface which is convenient to put into use and in accordance with the practice, the article, based on Boussinesq equation, infers analytic solutions suitable to the water level at different ratio and achieves the expression of analytic solution through fitting curves. The correctness of the expression is also proved by the experiments of sand and sand-clay models and the inaccuracy of empirical generalization is analyzed quantitatively. The calculation results show that the inaccuracy through the method of experiential generalizing is so large that the designers should be awake to it.     

书籍装帧设计课程中的文化介入

With the rapid development of econonmics ,the function of book designs has showed up .It is a target that designers are facing how to merge the conservative tradition and the vogue of the age together.The writer believes that in education ,as well as to enlighten the fundamental professional skills ,to stimulate students personal potentials to cultivate their creative abilities should be put more attention .Therefore ,the design education may develop diversifiddly ,and be able to meet the requirement of modern society .Hereby the cultural intervention is specifically important in the book design education .     

Household Drill Innovative Design under the Guidance of Ergonomics

The household drill is named 90 Degree, designed by Industrial Design Pilot Program Center (Hereinafter referred to as IDPPC) of Luxun Academy of Fine Arts(Hereinafter referred to as LAFA), which is the only national pilot program center in Chinese industrial design field. 90 Degree is designed for home environment, it helps inexperience users, such as women and the elderly, complete the operation easily, and it makes sure that safe operation and assistance users solve the precise punching, location, storage trash and other operations. According to research among users who can understand or manipulate a drill, the designers find problems of users from the user central perspective, and then they integrate product innovative design methods to propose solutions. When the designers intend to design 90 Degree, they attempt using the user behavior record and analysis system, and start ergonomics study in subjects by double hands operation analysis, using gesture analysis, details of work analysis, time and motion study, etc; meanwhile taking advantages of user experience analysis, behavior intention analysis to do user subjective perceptual evaluation. The functions, structure, shape, color, material, details of 90 Degree should be consistent with the standard of usability evaluation. There are two characteristics in 90 Degree, the first one is a transparent cover installed in front of the drill, which can collect the dust, rubbish when drilling and keep the work environment clean. So it is applicable for households. When the transparent cover of the drill is removed, it also can be used as a normal hand drill; the second one is the shape of 90 Degree makes it and the operating surface fitting together, thus enhancing the stability in operation, so it is best for inexperienced users. When 90 Degree contacts with the operating surface, it can emit the laser ray which helps the user to punch accurately, and make array punch more easily. After obtaining the data, charts, creating Shadow observation by the designers, they make a comprehensive evaluation on research results; verification advantages of 90 Degree meet the requirement of usability, reducing operating failure rate; and increasing safety factors. 90 Degree, in 2011, wined German Red Dot Design Award, which had become a representative excellent design example to resolve several drilling difficulties. The designers introduce ergonomics theory into design practice, and use scientific program and methods to evaluate the products which is useful to the development and promotion of products.     

A Robust Design Method in Product Quality Appficafions

In order to express information on the quality grade of product designed, the target value of product quality design was described with a fuzzy number in this paper. An alternative to Taguchi‘‘s, the robustness application design method has been recently presented. However, neither Taguchi‘‘s method nor the alternative method is capable of dealing satisfactorily with the frequently encountered situations in which all the noise variables cannot be studied simultaneously. Based on the ideas from response surface modeling,linear models theory, and random effects models, we provide a method for estimation in the robustness application design method in product quality applications. With this new method used, the high-quality ratio of the product designed could be increased, and the ability to resist the influence of various disturbing factors and noise factors could be enhanced.