加Ti、B方式对A356合金组织和性能的影响

通过对比试验研究了在相同Ti含量和相同Ti、B质量比时,不同加Ti、B方式对A356合金组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,电解加钛的A356合金的晶粒细化效果总是优于熔配加钛和钛盐加钛,钛、硼联合细化方式比单独加钛细化效果好.钛、硼联合细化A356合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率高于对应的单独加钛A356合金.加钛、硼方式对A356合金强度影响较小,但对A356合金塑性影响较大.电解加钛A356合金强度与熔配加钛合金相当,较钛盐加钛合金稍高,但伸长率均显著大于熔配加钛和钛盐加钛A356合金.     

加钛方式对A356合金晶粒细化效果和衰退行为的影响

分别采用电解加钛、熔配加钛和氟盐加钛三种方式，研究了加钛方式和保温时间对A356合金的晶粒细化效果和抗衰退能力的影响。结果表明，在钛含量（0．1％）相同条件下，短时保温时，电解加钛的晶粒细化能力高于熔配加钛和氟盐加钛，电解加钛A356合金的一次枝晶臂间距最短；长时间保温后，各种加钛方式使A356合金晶粒和共晶硅均发生了不同程度的衰退，但电解加钛A356合金的抗衰退能力最强，氟盐加钛合金的抗衰退能力最低。     

加Ti、B方式对A356合金冲击韧度的影响

通过对比实验研究了在相同Ti含量和相同Ti、B质量比时,加Ti、B方式对A356合金冲击韧度的影响.结果表明:Ti、B加入的方式对A356合金冲击韧度的影响明显,采用电解加钛进行细化的A356合金微观组织较细.冲击韧度最高;虽然电解加钛+Al-B细化方式合金的冲击韧度与其它两种钛、硼联合细化方式差别较小,但由于具有高的裂纹扩展功,因此具有较高的断裂抗力.     

凝固组织和Mg含量对A356合金快速热处理的影响

研究了凝固组织和Mg含量对A356合金快速热处理的影响。结果表明,A356合金经过Sr变质后,其凝固组织中的共晶Si形貌由纤维状变成球状,初生α相的晶粒尺寸减小。经过540℃×20 min+170℃×90 min快速热处理,合金微观组织中的Mg₂Si强化相能够充分固溶到基体中,其抗拉强度与T6态的基本相同。随着合金中Mg含量增加,固溶处理时,Mg₂Si相充分固溶进基体所需要的时间增加。当合金中Mg含量由0.3%增加到0.9%时,则需要经过540℃×40 min+170℃×90 min快速热处理,其力学性能与T6态的基本相同。     

微量Ga对A356合金微观组织及力学性能的影响

研究了微量Ga对A356合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,Ga含量的增加(0.02%～0.06%),对均匀化退火后A356合金室温抗拉强度影响不明显,在673 K时抗拉强度提高14.5%,但Ga的加入显著降低合金的伸长率,且伸长率随着温度的增加而降低.Ga对T6处理后的强度略微提高,伸长率有所降低,但对合金高温抗拉强度和伸长率的影响作用效果明显,能大幅度提高高温抗拉强度,同时降低了合金的伸长率.     

Al-Ti-C-Sr对A356合金组织和性能的影响

在A356熔体中分别加入自制的Al-5Ti-0.25C-2Sr和Al-5Ti-0.25C-8Sr中间合金,研究了这两种中间合金对A356合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,向A356中分别添加质量分数0.5%的Al-5Ti-0.25C-2Sr和Al-5Ti-0.25C-8Sr后,A356合金晶粒尺寸由42.5 μm分别减小至33.2 μm和30.6 μm,共晶硅从粗大的针片状转变为细小的短杆状或点状;T5处理后,添加Al-5Ti-0.25C-8Sr的A356合金的共晶硅粒状化效果较未添加Al-Ti-C-Sr的和添加Al-5Ti-0.25C-2Sr的好一些,其共晶硅颗粒均匀细小,圆整度高;加入质量分数0.5%的Al-5Ti-0.25C-2Sr或Al-5Ti-0.25C-8Sr后,T5态A356合金的抗拉强度由217.6 N/mm2分别提高到235.8 N/mm2和248.2 N/mm2,伸长率由10.1%分别提高到11.2%和11.8%.     

变质处理对A356合金性能的影响

研究了稀士Ce变质及Ce+Sr复合变质对A356合金性能的影响.分析了变质剂加入量对A356合金组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明,在采用金属型铸造的条件下,加入0.5％Ce变质或者采用0.05％Sr+0.45％Ce的复合变质均能达到最佳的变质效果.由于变质剂的加入,使得合金的晶粒尺寸减小,晶粒平均尺寸由未变质时的约4mm降低到变质后的约1mm.扫描电镜结果表明,共晶硅的产生都是在铝相的狭缝中,同时也证明复合变质的效果更优.     

稀土Y对A356铝合金微观组织和性能的影响

研究了稀土Y对A356铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,稀土Y是A356合金的一种优良变质剂,可以明显细化合金的微观组织。不仅使初生的α-Al由树枝晶转变为细小胞状晶和等轴晶,而且使块状的共晶硅转变为细小纤维状或颗粒状。加入0.3%的稀土Y,合金的力学性能最优,抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了17.7%和60%。     

加Ti、B方式对A356合金冲击韧度的影响

通过对比实验研究了在相同Ti含量和相同Ti、B质量比时加Ti、B方式对A356合金冲击韧度的影响。结果表明,Ti、B加入的方式对A356合金冲击韧度的影响明显,采用电解加Ti进行细化的A356合金微观组织较细,冲击韧度最高。原因在于晶粒细化导致裂纹的扩展自由程增加,从而增加了裂纹的扩展阻力和断裂抗力。虽然电解加Ti+Al-B中间合金细化方式合金的冲击韧度与其它两种Ti、B联合细化方式差别较小,但由于具有高的裂纹扩展功,因此具有较高的断裂抗力。     

加钛方式及钛含量对A356合金的低周疲劳性能的影响

研究了不同加钛方式和钛含量对A356合金低周疲劳性能的影响，结果表明A356合金的循环硬化行为对合金的加钛方式和钛含量敏感。钛含量为0．14％的合金总是比钛含量为0．10％的合金具有更高的循环硬化率。在低应变时两种加钛方式的循环硬化行为类似，在高应变时电解加钛合金表现为类似“饱和”的准稳定形变状态，而熔配加钛合金表现为持续的循环硬化行为。疲劳寿命仅对含钛量敏感，钛含量为0．10％时合金的低周疲劳寿命要优于钛含量为0．14％的合金。但是加钛方式对疲劳寿命的影响很小，如果钛含量相近，则两种加钛方式合金的低周疲劳寿命差别不大。     

Evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 aluminium alloy processed by hot spinning process

The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 aluminum alloy subjected to hot spinning process has been investigated.The results indicated that the deformation process homogenized microstructure and improved mechanical properties of the A356 aluminum alloy.During the hot spinning process,eutectic Si particles and Fe-rich phases were fragmented,and porosities were eliminated.In addition,recrystallization of Al matrix and precipitation of AlSiTi phases occurred.The mechanical property testing results indicated that there was a significant increase of ductility and a decrease of average microhardness in deformed alloy over die-cast alloy.This is attributed to uniform distribution of finer spherical eutectic Si particles,the elimination of casting defects and to the recrystallized finer grain structure.     

The in-situ Ti alloying of aluminum alloys and its application in A356 alloys

1. Introduction Titanium is one of the most effective grain refinement elements of aluminum alloys. The grain of aluminum alloys can be effectively refined if containing up to 0.2% titanium, which results in improvement of mechanical properties and performance [1-8]. Titanium is usually added into aluminum melt by melting Al-Ti or Al-Ti-B (Ti/B= 5:1) master alloy. This requires strict control in melting temperature and holding time, resulting in the complicacy to control the quality of allo…     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 thixoformed alloys in comparison with gravity cast ones using new criterion

The effect of thixoforming process on morphologies of silicon particles that affect fracture mode of A356 alloy was investigated. Microstructure and fracture surfaces of thixoformed samples were investigated by image analyzing technique and scanning electron microscopy. A new combination parameter, called silicon density ratio (SDR) index, was introduced. SDR index approximates the collective effects of morphological characteristics of silicon particles on microstructure transparency of alloy in crossing the dislocation. It is suggested that samples with lower SDR index have superior mechanical properties, especially elongation, and consequently intergranular fracture mode. On the contrary, samples with higher SDR index have inferior mechanical properties and fracture path tends to propagate along the cell boundaries leading to transgranular fracture.     

型砂及壁厚对锶变质A356铸造合金组织和性能的影响

采用硅砂、宝珠砂和铬铁矿砂3种不同砂型作为造型材料浇注多阶梯铸件试样,对比研究不同冷却条件对Al-10Sr中间合金变质A356（Al-7Si-0.3Mg）铸造合金力学性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明：在3种造型材料中,铬铁矿砂浇注试样具有最好的组织和力学性能。随着冷却速度的增加,枝晶间距显著变小,力学性能有所改善,其中伸长率对冷却速度比抗拉强度更敏感。这种性能的提高主要是由于枝晶间距更加细密和基体中自由Sr原子数的提高造成的。根据实际的试验数据,模拟建立不同砂型条件下枝晶间距和力学性能之间的回归分析模型,该模型可用于预测Sr变质A356合金铸件的抗拉强度和伸长率。     

Effects of microstructures on mechanical properties of Ti-63 titanium alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-63 pancakes were investigated under different heat-treatment modes. Pancake No. 1, with an as-forged bimodal structure, was β annealed at 930°C for 1 h. Its structure was changed to a Widmanstatten structure with continuous grain boundary α phase and long lamellar α phase. The pancake showed a good combination of strength, ductility and fracture toughness. Pancake No. 2, with an as-forged bimodal structure, was aged at 540°C for 8 h after annealing at 930°C for 1 h. Other than the fine secondary α precipitates, it showed a similar microstructure to that of pancake No. 1. The fine precipitates can enhance the pancake’s strength while reducing the ductility and fracture toughness. Pancake No. 3, with an as-forged basket-weave structure, was annealed at 750°C for 1 h. Its structure was nearly unchanged and it achieved a better ductility but a slightly lower fracture toughness than pancake No. 1.     

合金元素对Cu-Ag合金组织、力学性能和电学性能的影响

采用冷变形及中间热处理方法制备了具有双相纤维复合组织的Cu-Ag合金，研究了成分与组织，性能的关系，随着变形程度的增加，合金强度上升而电导率下降，合金中Ag含量由6％增加至24％时，铸态组织中第二相数量明显增多，变形后能够形成更多的Ag纤维复合相，因而合金强度明显上升，在Cu-6%Ag中添加1％Cr元素可以使合金基体得到进一步强化并在一定程度上细化了Ag纤维相，也可使合金度得到显著改善，在Cu－6%Ag-1%Cr合金中添加微量稀土元素可使Ag纤维分布更为弥散，因而使合金在不降低导电性的同时增加强度，尤其在高强度范围内这种作用更为显著。     

Effects of Sc content on the mechanical properties of Al-Sc alloys

The effects of Sc content on the mechanical properties of Al-Sc alloys were investigated. The results show that the strengths of all the tested alloys with 0.1 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%, and 0.4 wt.% Sc additions increase initially with an increase in annealing time, due to the increase in volume fraction and size and the decrease in particle interspacing of Al₃Sc particles. After reaching peak values, the strengths of all the tested alloys start to decrease with increasing annealing time due to the coarsening and increase in particle interspacing of Al₃Sc particles. It has also been shown that the alloy with 0.3 wt.% Sc has a higher strength and a lower elongation than the alloys with 0.1 wt.% and 0.4 wt.% Sc. The increase in strength and the decrease in elongation of the alloy with 0.3 wt.% Sc are due to the smaller particle interspacing of Al₃Sc particles, resulting in a strong inhibition of dislocation movement during deformation.     

时效温度对TB15钛合金组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和拉伸试验机等研究了不同时效温度对固溶态TB15钛合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着时效温度从520 ℃升高到540 ℃,TB15钛合金的拉伸强度和屈服强度先增加后减小,在530 ℃时效处理后可以获得最高的抗拉强度和屈服强度;时效处理后合金塑性偏低,其变化规律与强度相反。在断裂韧性方面,随着时效温度的上升,TB15钛合金的断裂韧性逐渐提高。固溶态TB15钛合金经不同温度时效处理后,析出大量的次生α片层相,等轴β组织转变为片层α和β转变组织。     

微量Zr对Cu—13Zn合金组织和性能的影响

制备了Ｚｒ 含量不同的三种ＣｕＺｎ 合金, 通过拉伸力学性能测试、金相和电镜观察, 研究了微量Ｚｒ 对合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明, 微量Ｚｒ 对合金有明显的强化和提高退火过程中抗软化温度的作用; 微量Ｚｒ 引起的强化来源于再结晶晶粒细化强化, 含Ｚｒ 的第二相析出强化和亚结构强化３个方面。