耐候钢及其腐蚀产物的研究概况

介绍了耐候钢的发展、国内外使用及研究状况，概述了合金元素对耐候钢耐大气腐蚀性能的影响及其作用机制的研究进展，并对腐蚀产物的组成、锈层形成及其演变的电化学过程方面的研究进行了介绍，对今后耐候钢的研究与发展前景提出了展望。     

合金元素对耐候钢在海洋大气环境下耐蚀性的影响

介绍了不同合金元素对耐候钢在海洋大气环境下耐蚀性的影响,并对国内耐海洋大气腐蚀耐候钢的发展趋势进行了展望。     

耐候钢表面锈层稳定化处理用新型涂层研究

针对耐候钢裸露使用时出现的锈层稳定化时间过长及早期锈液流挂和飞散的问题，提出了Zn—Ca系磷化 丙烯酸树脂—SiO2复合膜新型耐候钢表面锈层稳定化处理技术．采用干湿周浸实验研究了该复合膜耐候钢试样的腐蚀行为和耐大气腐蚀性能．得出了能有效避免锈液流挂、促进耐候钢表面锈层稳定化的最佳复合膜处理工艺，即Zn—Ca磷化 B—13Si(120℃)复合膜处理．并从理论上探讨了该复合膜提高耐候钢抗大气腐蚀性能、促进表面锈层稳定化的作用机理和模型。     

Sn对耐候钢高湿热海洋大气环境下耐蚀性能的影响

采用周浸腐蚀试验机、扫描电镜（SEM）、电化学工作站等,研究了含锡耐候钢和传统耐候钢在模拟高湿热海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为规律,探讨了Sn元素对传统耐候钢耐高湿热海洋大气腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：锡元素加入耐候钢中可以降低腐蚀速率,让锈层更均匀地生成,提高锈层的自腐蚀电位,降低锈层自腐蚀电流密度,对耐候钢阳极溶解起抑制作用,同时使锈层电阻Rr及与基体结合处的反应电阻Rt升高,增强锈层对钢基体的保护,有利于耐候钢耐海洋大气腐蚀性能的提升。     

耐候钢的腐蚀及表面稳定化处理技术

介绍了耐大气腐蚀用钢（耐候钢）表面稳定化锈层的结构、组成和形成机理，耐候钢的使用方式及存在的问题，较全面地阐述了国内外有关加速耐候钢稳定化锈层形成过程的表面处理技术及原理。     

高强度耐候钢焊接性分析与研究

通过对高强度耐候钢焊接性分析，采用与之匹配的焊接材料，对高强度耐候钢与不同钢种间焊接接头进行低温抗裂性、力学性能、耐大气腐蚀性能和焊接工艺性等进行试验，并对焊接接头金相组织进行分析，提出了高强度耐候钢焊接工艺及适宜的焊接材料。     

一种耐候钢耐蚀性能的分析

对耐候钢和Q235B开展了周期浸润腐蚀试验,并对试样进行了检测分析。金相、扫描电镜(SEM)检测结果显示耐候钢的锈层较薄,与基体结合紧密。X射线衍射分析结果表明,耐候钢锈层中主要是α-FeOOH,这是耐大气腐蚀性能更好的主要原因。EPMA成分扫描分析显示,对耐候性有益的元素Cu、Cr、P、Si在锈层中富集,促进了结构较致密的α-FeOOH的生成,成为保护层;同时,提高了锈层和基体的结合和粘附性,防止在长时间的腐蚀中锈层剥落,提高了耐大气腐蚀性。     

锈层离子选择性对耐候钢抗海洋性大气腐蚀性能的影响

为阐明耐钢表面稳定锈层的抗大气腐蚀机制,研究了人工制备锈蚀层的离子选择性,实验结果表明,在海洋大气中腐蚀4a的耐候钢表面的锈钢产生了分层现象,其内锈层具有较好的阳离子选择性能,阻碍了Cl^-的进入,合金元素在钢腐蚀过程中的重新分配提高了锈层和近界面基体中合金元素的含量。保证了该耐候钢在近海大气中具有较好的抗大气腐蚀性能。     

日本研制细晶高强耐候钢

在日本NIMS超级钢研究的第l期采取晶粒细化技术提高强度和析出复合铁氧化物提高耐大气腐蚀性能的方针。第2期的目标是研制出强度和耐候性均提高2倍的耐候钢。最近在海滨地区确认了Ni由于锈层中生成Fe2Ni04而提高耐候钢耐蚀性的作用。于是，推定和Ni同样在锈层内层可形成复合氧化物(Fe2Si04、FeAl2O4)的si和Al可作为耐腐蚀元素，而不使用Ni、Cr、Mo等元素来研制新的耐大气腐蚀钢(与LCA、Lcc相对应)。     

P-RE复合超细组织耐候钢的理论与技术

深入研究了P、RE、晶粒细化和组织类型等因素对钢铁材料耐大气腐蚀性能的影响规律和作用原理。研究发现,P改善耐大气腐蚀性能显著,也可有效提高钢的强度,由较高的P含量所导致的钢铁材料的冷脆问题可通过晶粒细化或超细化控制而显著改善;RE可显著改善钢铁材料的耐大气腐蚀性能,其主要作用机理是：在钢中形成的RE化合物、RE/Fe金属间化合物和固溶稀土等在腐蚀薄液膜中水解,并在pH值较高的阴极沉淀,从而起到缓蚀作用;晶粒细化有益于提高钢铁材料的耐大气腐蚀性能。通过集成上述3项技术,开发了新型的P-RE复合合金化超细组织经济型耐候钢。所开发的新材料成本优势明显,强韧性高,耐大气腐蚀性能可接近Cor-ten B钢水平。     

耐候钢锈层稳定化处理技术及其评价方法

概述了国内外有关加速耐候钢稳定化锈层形成过程的表面处理技术及其评价方法,着重阐述了耐候钢锈层稳定化处理技术的有机-无机复合膜技术,并展望了这一方面国内外的发展趋势。     

Effects of rare earth elements on corrosion behaviors of low-carbon steels and weathering steels

The effects of rare earth elements on the corrosion properties of low-carbon steel and weathering steel were investigated. To elucidate the roles of rare earth elements (Ce and La) and the corrosion behavior of steels, salt spray tests, electrochemical techniques, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA), and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) were conducted. The results showed that the addition of rare earth elements enhances the corrosion resistance of both low-carbon steels and weathering steels, indicated by lower corrosion current density and salt spray corrosion rate after rare earth alloying. On the one hand, rare earth elements modify the morphology of inclusions and thus slow down the micro-area electrochemical corrosion, which improves the electrochemical corrosion resistance of these two steels. On the other hand, rare earth atoms tend to segregate toward the interface between the rust layer and the matrix. Hence, salt spray corrosion resistance is improved due to the enhancement of adhesion and compactness of the rust by the addition of rare earth elements.     

耐候钢新型表面锈层稳定剂处理及其耐3.5％NaCl溶液周浸腐蚀性能

目的解决耐候钢裸露使用初期锈液流挂与飞散的问题。方法制备了新型耐候钢表面锈层稳定剂,通过周期浸润循环腐蚀试验、锈层微观分析和电化学测试等方法研究了在模拟海洋大气环境下,锈层稳定剂对耐候钢锈层结构及耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表面锈层稳定化处理后,耐候钢表面生成的锈层区分为致密且连续的内锈层和外锈层。室内加速腐蚀168 h后,耐候钢的失重腐蚀速率由未处理的5.71 g/(m~2×h)降低到表面处理后的3.31 g/(m~2×h),失重腐蚀速率降低了约42%。耐候钢的锈层电阻由未处理的96?·cm~2提高到表面处理后的167.7?·cm~2,锈层电阻提高了约75%。表面处理后的耐候钢锈层中,Cr元素以α-(Fe_(1-x)Cr_x)OOH的形式存在于基体与锈层的界面处,Cr元素在内锈层与基体结合处发生聚集。结论新型锈层稳定剂可以明显改善耐候钢锈层结构,细化锈层晶粒,阻碍Cl~-的渗透,有助于耐候钢表面快速生成致密、连续且稳定的保护性锈层。     

Formation of Si diffusion layer on stainless steels and their high temperature corrosion resistance in molten salt

The surface alloying of Si into SUS430 and SUS304 stainless steels was achieved by a pack-cementation method. A high-temperature corrosion test was undertaken under a corrosive ash in a high-temperature gas, which simulated the environment of a waste incinerator. The effect of the surface alloying of Si on the high temperature corrosion resistance of these stainless steels was examined. The result of the corrosion test showed that the corrosion mass loss of the siliconized stainless steel was lower than that of non-treated stainless steel. It was thought that the high temperature corrosion resistance in the corrosive ash containing large amounts of molten salt was improved by the surface alloying of Si. The change in corrosion loss with test time in the corrosive ash was also examined. The corrosion loss of the non-treated stainless steels rapidly increased. On the other hand, the corrosion rate of the siliconized stainless steels was small.It was found from the observation and EPMA analysis of a cross-section of the specimen after the corrosion test that, for the non-treated stainless steels, the metallic elements were dissolved into the molten salt. On the other hand, for the siliconized stainless steels, a scale consisting of silicon oxide was formed on the steels. As a result, the dissolved metallic elements were small.The electrochemical studies indicated that there was an effect of the surface alloying of Si on the hot corrosion resistance of the stainless steels. Hence, the corrosion potentials of the siliconized steels were higher than those of the non-treated steels. The increase in the anodic current densities for the siliconized steels was smaller than that for the non-treated steels. It was thought that the electrochemical corrosion reaction was difficult to occur due to the surface alloying of Si into the stainless steels.     

模拟工业大气条件下高锰耐候钢的腐蚀行为

应用电化学阻抗谱研究了在模拟工业大气的腐蚀溶液中Mn对耐候钢耐腐蚀性能的影响,并通过锈层电子探针面扫描验证了实验结果。电化学阻抗谱结果显示,在腐蚀初期高锰耐候钢表现出较强的点蚀反应特征,腐蚀后期则显示和比对钢相同的耐腐蚀能力。在模拟工业大气腐蚀条件下,Mn在耐候钢的内锈层中没有产生富集,Cr 和Cu在内锈层和钢基体界面中形成了富集带,这是保护性锈层生成的主要原因。     

部分钢铁材料在北京地区腐蚀规律研究

对17种黑色金属在北京地区自然环境暴露16年的大气腐蚀数据进行了回归分析,研究发现,碳钢、低合金钢和耐候钢的腐蚀规律符合双对数曲线方程的数学模型,腐蚀过程是阻滞过程。在北京地区,低碳钢、低合金钢和耐候钢的耐腐蚀性能差异不大,严格控制硫含量的低碳钢具有相当好的耐候性。     

Atmospheric corrosion of ASTM A-242 and ASTM A-588 weathering steels in different types of atmosphere

The work analyses the atmospheric corrosion resistance of two widely used weathering steels: ASTM A-242 and ASTM A-588. The steels were exposed for up to 5 years in different types of atmosphere: rural, urban, industrial and marine. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of the steels was evaluated and the rust layers formed on them were characterised by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The most relevant conclusions reached include the following: (a) the visual appearance (colouring) of the rust, rust texture, nature of the corrosion products and compactness of the rust layers formed are similar in both types of weathering steel. (b) No great differences are observed in the corrosion resistance. Slight differences occur in the industrial atmosphere, where ASTM A-242 presents 10–13% less corrosion than ASTM A-588. (c) In the C2-C3 ISO corrosivity atmosphere both types of weathering steels are adequate for unpainted use. However are not suitable in higher ISO corrosivity atmosphere.     

用穆斯堡尔谱学等方法研究低合金钢在海水中锈层的相组成

本工作用穆斯堡尔谱学等方法对几种钢的海水锈层进行了分析研究。主要分析了锈层的相组成。宏观观察表明以硅铬铜镍为合金元素的C—4钢内锈层比较致密,较厚、较坚硬、连成较大的板状块。而以锰钛为主要合金元素的C—2钢的内锈层较薄、不均匀、较脆,甚至有时不能连成一块。穆斯堡尔谱学、X线、红外吸收光谱、热差分析,都说明内锈层的主要组成相是针铁石(α—FeOOH),其颗粒的线度尺寸约为3×10~2。电子探针的锈层微区域成份分析表明、铬、铜、镍各元素在内锈层中都有富集。而锰元素与此相反,不但没有富集、反而有所消失。钛的富集情况不明显。根据本文研究结果,可以得出以下初步看法:①低合金钢中的少量合金成分对锈层中的物相组成没有明显的影响;②各合金元素在内锈层中富集与否可能影响内锈层的致密度及厚度,从而影响耐蚀性;③锈层中的物相有微晶而不是非晶质的。内锈层中主要组成物粒度已小到使其表现为超顺磁状态,在液氮温度显示反铁磁性状态。     

The study on corrosion resistance of high-strength spring steel

The corrosion resistance in medium carbon high-strength spring steel was investigated in neutral salt spray of 5% NaCl solution and potentiodynamic polarisation measurements. The results showed that the corrosion process in the salt spray environment could be divided into two stages. In the initial corrosion stage, the corrosion rates of tested steels were high and rapidly decreased with increasing corrosion time. At later stages where rust layers formed and the corrosion rates of the tested steels all tended to be stable, corrosion resistance was reinforced with the increase of alloying elements, which is just new finding about formation and evolution of corrosion products of spring steel to improve corrosion resistance further in this research. The observation of corrosion products of the tested steels by energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron probe micro-analysis indicated that both Cr and V which had an obvious synergy concentrated mainly in the inner region of the rust layers, and the corrosion medium Cl^– was mainly distributed in the outer region of the rust layers.