金属锌表面超疏水薄膜的耐蚀及摩擦学性能的表征

目的改善金属锌在海洋环境中的耐蚀及摩擦学性能。方法通过简单的化学刻蚀及自组装技术在金属锌表面制备超疏水薄膜,对薄膜的结构和润湿性进行了表征,研究了超疏水薄膜在模拟海水(3.5%Na Cl溶液)中的耐蚀性能和摩擦学性能。结果经N,N-二甲基甲酰胺水溶液刻蚀后,金属锌表面呈多尺度微纳的Zn O结构,Zn O结构经硬脂酸修饰后,表面呈现出超疏水特性,表面静态接触角达150°,滑动角小于5°。同时发现,在3.5%Na Cl水溶液中,金属锌表面超疏水薄膜具有优异的耐蚀性能,并能够显著降低摩擦和磨损。结论经简单的化学刻蚀及自组装技术可在锌表面构筑超疏水薄膜,薄膜在海洋环境下具有良好的耐蚀、减摩及耐磨性能。     

表面形貌和润湿性对钛合金摩擦学性能的影响

为提高钛合金的摩擦学性能,采用激光加工技术在Ti6Al4V合金表面分别构建间距为100和300μm的网格和点阵微结构,将SiO_2纳米粒子涂覆在微结构上制备微纳结构。用接触角测量仪测量试样的表面接触角和滚动角;用LEXT OLS4000 3D激光共聚焦显微镜进行表面形貌和磨痕表征,采用多功能摩擦磨损试验机(UMT)进行摩擦学性能测试。结果表明,具有微结构的表面是符合Wenzel状态的疏水表面,涂覆SiO_2具有微纳结构的表面是符合Cassie状态的超疏水表面。微结构间距100μm的表面的疏水性强于300μm,网格表面疏水性强于点阵。随表面疏水性能的增强,磨痕深度变浅。在50 m N载荷条件下,涂覆SiO_2表面的摩擦系数约为激光加工表面的0.6倍,网格表面的摩擦系数约为点阵的0.8倍。在5 N载荷条件下,涂覆SiO_2减小摩擦系数曲线的波动性。     

超疏水结构对AZ91D镁合金微摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的 研究微/纳米复合超疏水结构的摩擦磨损机制,提高镁合金微摩擦磨损性能。方法 首先采用激光刻蚀获得微米结构,然后表面涂覆SiO2纳米颗粒,获得微/纳米复合结构,最后涂覆低表面能物质获得超疏水表面。用接触角测量仪测量超疏水表面的静态接触角,使用微摩擦磨损实验机分析超疏水表面的摩擦磨损性能,使用扫描电子显微镜观察表面磨痕形貌。结果 当载荷为1 N时,超疏水表面的摩擦系数约为0.04,基体表面约为0.06。随着载荷的增加,超疏水表面的摩擦系数逐渐与基体相近,并逐渐超过基体。随着时间的增加,超疏水表面的摩擦系数呈增加趋势,由0.04逐渐增加到0.08,基体试样没有明显的上升趋势。相同条件下,超疏水表面的磨痕宽度大于基体表面,但磨痕宽度的增大趋势小于基体表面。结论 微/纳米复合结构超疏水表面的摩擦磨损过程不同于光滑基体。超疏水表面的磨损首先发生于微/纳米凸起结构,之后发生于被微/纳米凸起填平的微米凹坑区,然后发生于激光加工热影响区表面,最后发生于镁合金基体。在所受载荷低于1~3 N时,超疏水表面微凸起结构能延缓超疏水表面摩擦磨损的发生,改善耐磨性能。     

TSA协同HCl化学刻蚀铝片构筑低粘附超疏水表面及其稳定性

目的 通过化学刻蚀法制备铝基超疏水表面,并提高其机械稳定性和化学稳定性。方法 以盐酸（HCl）为主刻蚀剂,对甲苯磺酸（TSA）为辅助刻蚀剂,通过化学刻蚀法构筑铝片微-纳米结构,涂覆硬脂酸后制备超疏水铝。探讨最佳刻蚀时间和浓度,通过FESEM、EDS和ATR-FTIR对铝片的表面结构和化学组成进行分析。利用接触角测量仪、电化学工作站和线性耐磨实验分别对铝表面的润湿性、耐腐蚀性和机械稳定性进行研究,并探讨铝在3.5% NaCl溶液中的化学稳定性。结果 当TSA浓度为0.2 mol/L,刻蚀时间为8.0 min时,获得的超疏水表面接触角（CA）最大,为167.9°,滚动角（SA）为6.3°,对应的腐蚀电位较裸铝正向移动了742 mV,腐蚀电流密度降低了1个数量级。此外,该超疏水表面还具有良好的机械稳定性和化学稳定性,经砂纸磨损70 cm后,接触角仍高达155.9°。模拟海水环境测试化学稳定性发现,将其浸泡在3.5% NaCl溶液中,20天仍维持在一种粘附超疏水状态。结论 通过调节化学刻蚀时间和TSA浓度在铝基表面制备得到微-纳米粗糙结构,硬脂酸改性后,获得具有超疏水性能的复合表面。该超疏水铝表面兼具优异的机械稳定性和化学稳定性能,并可以在高盐环境下保护铝基体。     

化学织构化45#钢表面涂覆MoS2薄膜的摩擦学性能

目的提高干摩擦条件下45~#钢表面的减摩耐磨性能。方法采用FeCl_3与HCl混合刻蚀液对45~#钢表面进行化学织构化处理,并在织构表面涂覆MoS_2形成复合润滑薄膜。通过摩擦磨损实验,评价了表面织构以及复合润滑薄膜的减摩耐磨特性,并通过扫描电子显微镜对磨痕进行分析。结果进行化学织构化处理后,45~#钢表面形成了均匀的微坑结构及由点蚀产生的孔洞结构,表面粗糙度Ra上升到了0.89μm,与未刻蚀的样品相比,刻蚀后表面的摩擦系数降低了23%,其摩擦过程也更稳定。这可能是由于刻蚀后产生的微坑与点蚀孔洞结构能够捕获磨屑,减少磨粒磨损。在经化学刻蚀后的织构表面上构筑了MoS_2薄膜,与未刻蚀的样品相比,这种表面的摩擦系数得到了极大的降低,能达到0.1左右,其耐磨寿命也得到了极大的延长,磨痕宽度也有了明显的降低。其主要原因可能是由于刻蚀后产生的微坑与点蚀孔洞结构存储的固体润滑剂,在摩擦过程中由对偶件带入摩擦区域进行了有效润滑。结论化学刻蚀形成的表面织构能够在一定程度上提高45#钢表面的摩擦学性能,涂覆MoS_2形成的复合润滑膜能够极大地降低45#钢表面的摩擦系数并大大延长其耐磨寿命。     

超疏水钛合金表面的制备及其摩擦学性能

为研究表面形貌和润湿性对表面摩擦学性能的影响,采用激光加工技术在Ti6Al4V表面加工间距为100μm的网格和点阵微结构,将Si O2纳米粒子涂覆在微结构上构建微纳结构。采用接触角测量仪测量试样的表面接触角和滚动角,采用摩擦磨损实验机(UMT)测试摩擦学性能,采用LEXT OLS4000型3D激光共聚焦显微镜进行表面形貌和磨痕表征。结果表明:在具有微结构的表面涂覆Si O2可制备出具有微纳结构的超疏水Ti6Al4V表面,且网格表面比点阵表面更难以润湿。表面越难以润湿,试样的比磨损率越低,点阵和网格超疏水表面分别将比磨损率降低32.3%和53.8%,且摩擦因数曲线的波动幅度和数值均减小。且具有微纳结构的超疏水表面可显著提高Ti6Al4V的摩擦学性能。     

铝合金超疏水表面的构建及其稳定性与自清洁性能研究

目的 通过化学刻蚀结合阳极氧化法,制备具有优良机械稳定性和自清洁性能的铝合金超疏水表面.方法 采用盐酸化学刻蚀结合草酸阳极氧化法,对1060型铝合金表面构筑了具有阶梯-孔状微纳结构,再经过低表面能物质十八胺的修饰,获得了超疏水表面.探索表面微纳米结构对铝合金超疏水表面机械稳定性等性能的影响.结果 经过砂纸磨损200 cm后,表面接触角依旧高达160.33°;600 g的落砂实验冲击后,表面接触角仍保持150°,具有良好的机械稳定性.由动电位极化曲线测试结果表明,与纯铝相比,该超疏水表面具有良好的耐腐蚀性.再将超疏水铝浸入不同pH值的溶液中至24 h发现,铝合金表面依然具有良好的超疏水性能,且在pH=10的弱碱溶液中,其接触角依旧保持在163.09°.在坚固的微纳米结构的阳极氧化铝层、十八胺以及超疏水表面的气垫作用下,铝合金超疏水表面的防腐蚀性能得到提高.对比各种常见饮料在该表面的润湿性,该表面具有出色的自清洁效果.结论 铝合金超疏水表面具有良好的机械稳定性、化学稳定性以及自清洁效果.     

界面效应对小球藻在钛合金表面附着的影响

采用激光刻蚀技术在钛合金表面分别构筑网格、直线、点阵3种微结构,采用溶胶-凝胶法将纳米SiO2粒子涂覆在微结构上,制备分别具有微结构/微纳结构的疏水/超疏水表面.利用小球藻附着面积评价表面的抗海洋生物附着性能,利用动态冲刷实验评价小球藻的附着强度.结果显示:具有微结构的疏水/超疏水表面符合Wenzel模型,具有微纳结构的超疏水表面符合Cassie模型,且其表面抗附着性能更优,附着强度更小;网格表面的超疏水自清洁性能最强,抗附着性能最优,附着强度最小,其次是直线,再次是点阵;随着微结构间距的增大,接触角减小,滚动角增大,抗附着性能降低,附着强度增大.     

化学刻蚀-阳极氧化复合制备钛合金超疏水表面试验研究

目的 提高TC4钛合金超疏水表面的疏水性、耐腐蚀性与力学性能。方法 首先选择化学刻蚀法对TC4钛合金进行处理制备出微米级结构，再采用阳极氧化法制备出纳米级结构，最终在试样表面制备出了具有微纳分级结构的超疏水表面。通过观察微观结构表面、Tafel测试、线性磨损试验、抗冲击性测试以及防冰性能测试，分别对H₂O₂刻蚀、强酸刻蚀、阳极氧化、H₂O₂刻蚀-阳极氧化和强酸刻蚀-阳极氧化制备的超疏水表面进行性能对比。结果 使用双氧水-碳酸氢钠混合溶液制备出的超疏水表面接触角为156.4°，滚动角为2.7°；硫酸-盐酸混合溶液制备出的超疏水表面接触角为153.1°，滚动角为7.6°；阳极氧化法制备的超疏水表面接触角为156.3°，滚动角为4.2°；双氧水-碳酸氢钠混合溶液刻蚀并阳极氧化处理后，表面接触角为157.6°，使用硫酸-盐酸混合溶液刻蚀并阳极氧化处理后，表面接触角为155.9°，二者滚动角均小于2°。复合方法制备的表面疏水性能优于单一方法制备的超疏水表面。超疏水试样的OCP都高于TC4钛合金，经过强酸刻蚀和...     

AM60镁合金超疏水表面制备及防腐蚀性能的研究

通过化学刻蚀,以硬脂酸为修饰剂,成功实现AM60镁合金表面的超疏水改性,并采用扫描电镜、接触角仪、电化学工作站等对处理前后的AM60镁合金表面的微观形貌、疏水性能和耐腐蚀性能进行分析.结果 表明:AM60镁合金仅经盐酸刻蚀处理后,表现为超亲水性,再经硬脂酸浸泡后才达到疏水的效果;随着硬脂酸浸泡时间的增加,该合金的表面接...     

High-speed wire electrical discharge machining to create superhydrophobic surfaces for magnesium alloys with high corrosion and wear resistance

Herein, a superhydrophobic surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy prepared by high-speed wire electrical discharge machining and modification with stearic acid is reported. The surface morphology and wettability of the superhydrophobic surface were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and optical contact angle measurement, respectively. A uniform micro-/nanopetal-like structure was shown within the superhydrophobic surface, resulting in a contact angle of 151 ± 0.5° and a sliding angle of 4 ± 0.5°. Notably, the superhydrophobic surface had better corrosion resistance than the bare magnesium alloy, and its corrosion current density was reduced by nearly one order of magnitude. Under both dry and wet friction conditions, the friction coefficient of the superhydrophobic surface was lower than that of the bare magnesium alloy surface, with a much lower wear loss. In addition, the friction coefficient of the superhydrophobic sample was lower than that of the bare magnesium alloy sample under both the dry and wet friction conditions. Thus, the superhydrophobic sample experienced reduced wear and had a low wear rate.     

自润滑型铝合金硬质阳极氧化膜的摩擦磨损性能

为了提高铝合金硬质阳极氧化膜减摩耐磨性能,在硬质氧化膜的微孔中引入PTFE润滑性粒子,制备了具有自润滑性能的复合膜,并用M-2000型摩擦试验机对其摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明,制备条件对复合膜的减摩耐磨性能有较大影响。随电流密度的增大,膜的摩擦系数变化不大,耐磨损性能增加;随H2SO4浓度的增加,膜的摩擦系数降低,耐磨损性能降低。此外,复合膜的摩擦系数和耐磨性能随载荷的增加逐渐减小,高速（0．84m／s）下的摩擦系数比低速（0．42m／s）下的摩擦系数平均高0．17。     

Superhydrophobic aluminum alloy surface with excellent universality,corrosion resistance,and antifouling performance prepared without prepolishing

It is urgently necessary to seek more simple and effective methods to construct superhydrophobic metal surfaces to improve the corrosion resistance and antifouling performance. Herein, a facile method for fabricating superhydrophobic aluminum alloy surface is developed via boiling water treatment and stearic acid modification. It is noteworthy that no prepolishing on aluminum alloy is required and no caustic reagents and typical equipments are used during the preparation procedure. Therefore, the fabrication method is quite a simple and environment-friendly technique. Both micro- and nano-scaled binary structure forms at the resultant aluminum alloy surface while long alkyl chains are grafted onto the rough aluminum alloy surface chemically. Consequently, the resultant aluminum alloy exhibits outstanding superhydrophobicity. More importantly, the superhydrophobicity has excellent universality, diversity, stability, excellent corrosion resistance, and antifouling performance. The facile preparation, excellent superhydrophobic durability, and outstanding performance are quite in favor of the practical application.     

Self-lubricated Array Film of Amorphous Carbon Nanorods on an Aluminum Substrate

IN ORDER TO improve the friction property and wearresistance of aluminum and its alloys,ion implanting,anodic oxidation,and thin coating processingtechnology have been applied for a long timeRecently,some compound nanowires and the alignedcarbon nanotubes were synthesized on the porousanodic aluminum oxide template[4"61.It was indicatedthat the nanosize lubricants such as inorganicfullerene-like metal sulphides and multiwall carbonnanotubes imbedded into the pores on AAO membranecould enha…     

Corrosion Resistance of Superhydrophobic Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxide Coatings on Aluminum Alloys

A superhydrophobic surface was successfully constructed to modify the layered double hydroxide (LDH) coatings on aluminum alloy using stearic acid. The characteristics of the coatings were investigated using SEM, XRD, FT-IR and XPS. The corrosion resistance of the prepared coatings was studied using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectrum. The results revealed that the superhydrophobic surface considerably improved the corrosion-resistant performance of the LDH coatings on the aluminum alloy substrate. The formation mechanism of the superhydrophobic surface was proposed.     

十二烷和硬脂酸的摩擦化学

运用摩擦学实验和红外光谱分析相结合的方法, 考察了十二烷和硬脂酸在摩擦过程中发生的化学变化。分析结果表明： 在室温下, 静态的十二烷和硬脂酸均不与铝（ 或氧化铝） 发生化学反应; 在摩擦过程中, 十二烷和硬脂酸均发生了化学反应, 十二烷氧化生成了醇或过氧化物, 硬脂酸与铝（ 或氧化铝） 反应生成了交联结构的硬脂酸铝; 虽然反应物和摩擦反应产物均以物理吸附的方式吸附于金属表面, 但摩擦化学反应产物无论是在金属表面的吸附强度还是在减摩性能上均好于反应物, 说明通过发生摩擦化学反应, 润滑油的减摩性能得到了提高。     

Research of the Tribological Properties of the Surface on 16Mn Steel by Plasma Nitriding and S-N-C Plasmas Composite Treatment

Sulfide layer with certain thickness was made on the nitrided surface of 16Mn steel by means of plasma S-C-N composite treatment. Under half lubricated condition, friction coefficient and wear loss of LY12 aluminum alloy were measured in sliding against samples of 16Mn treated by cubrizing and sulphiding respectively; In order to avoid the transfer of aluminum to the steel that lead to the inaccurate measurement of wear loss of carburized samples, Grl5 steel was adopted as counterpart face to measure the wear loss of them. SEM and EDAX were used for the morphological and chemical characterization of the wear surface and longitudinal cross-sections beneath sliding surface of LY12 aluminum alloy cirque and the wear tacks of the carburized samples and sulphided samples. Results show: The surface roughness,wear rate, average friction coefficient and magnitude of friction fluctuations of LY12 aluminum alloy cirque sliding against sulphided sample were all lower than sliding against carburized sample; Compared with carburized layer, sulfide layer of 16Mn steel can not only efficiently prevent the occurrence of adhesion when sliding against LY12 aluminum alloy, but also greatly lower the wear loss when sliding against Gr15 steel.     

纳米结构对二硫化钼摩擦学性能的影响

目的探究二硫化钼结构以及尺寸对其宏观摩擦学性能以及滑移机制的影响。方法采用水热法制备了尺寸不同的二硫化钼微球花,并与购买的商业化块状二硫化钼以及单层二硫化钼进行对比,将四种二硫化钼粉末在乙醇中进行分散,采用喷涂的方式在硅基底上制备了四种二硫化钼涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对粉末和涂层的形貌、结构进行了表征,并对比研究了涂层的摩擦学性能,通过光学显微镜观察了对偶的形貌,利用SEM和TEM对摩擦界面的结构和形貌进行了研究。结果四种二硫化钼材料均为层状结构的纳米片或微片组成,摩擦系数平稳且均小于0.05。块状二硫化钼寿命最短,摩擦界面覆盖了较少的润滑膜;单层二硫化钼摩擦系数平稳,且寿命最长,摩擦界面由大量纳米片组成,摩擦过程主要是单纯的物理剥离;二硫化钼微球花的寿命介于二者之间,微球花在摩擦力的作用下很容易发生剥离,在摩擦过程中起润滑作用的是剥离的二硫化钼纳米片,摩擦界面覆盖了较厚的致密润滑膜。二硫化钼微球花摩擦后,层间距由0.62 nm增至0.7 nm,层间距的增大有利于良好的润滑。结论尺寸对二硫化钼的滑移机制有影响,从而显著影响其耐磨寿命,层数和尺寸的减小有利于耐磨寿命的提升。     

Improving tribological properties of Ti6Al4V alloy with duplex surface treatment

Ti-doped diamond like carbon films were deposited on both untreated and plasma nitrided Ti6Al4V alloy using Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering (CFUMBS) method and their tribological properties were evaluated by conducting sliding wear conditions. The influence of the nitrided layer on tribological behavior of Ti-DLC films was studied by means of XRD, SEM, scratch tester, microhardness tester and pin-on-disc tribotester. The microhardness results pointed out that the duplex treatment dramatically increased the surface hardness and reduced the plastic deformation of the alloy. Wear tests showed that Ti-DLC coatings on both untreated and nitrided surfaces caused a reduction in the coefficient of friction. The reason of the reduction in the coefficient of friction was found to be the formation of transfer film between the sliding surfaces. Wear rates demonstrated that wear resistance of duplex treated (Ti-DLC coating after nitriding) Ti6Al4V alloy was significantly improved.