V、Ti、Si、Zr对CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金组织与性能的影响

通过制备Co Cr Fe Mn Ni X(X=V,Ti,Si,Zr)高熵合金,研究了原子尺寸差异δ与合金的组织、相结构和磨损性能之间的关系。研究结果表明:随着δ值增大,合金的XRD衍射强度逐渐降低,合金由FCC单相结构过渡到FCC+BCC双相结构;随着δ值的增大,对应合金的摩擦因数降低,硬度和磨损性能提高。当δ值大于11.40%时,合金的显微组织、相结构、硬度和磨损性能均发生显著变化,δ=11.40%为Co Cr Fe Mn Ni X高熵合金组织和性能发生突变的阈值。     

Microstructure and Properties of Al0.4FeCrNiCo1.5Ti0.3 High Entropy Alloy Prepared by MA-HP Technique

采用机械合金化-真空热压烧结(MA-HP)法制备了Al0.4FeCrNi Co1.5Ti0.3高熵合金。利用XRD、SEM和力学压缩试验机分析Al0.4FeCrNiCo1.5Ti0.3合金的微观组织、相转变以及力学性能。结果表明:经高能球磨10 h,合金中形成了简单固溶体fcc和bcc相,而经过热压烧结的Al0.4Fe Cr Ni Co1.5Ti0.3合金以单一fcc相及2种bcc相(bcc1、bcc2)组成。热压烧结Al0.4Fe Cr Ni Co1.5Ti0.3合金致密度达99.48%,其微观硬度(HV),屈服强度、断裂强度、压缩率分别达到725 MPa,2.13 GPa,2.54 GPa,20.1%,合金优异的力学性能主要是因为合金的固溶强化;断裂模式为解理断裂及塑性断裂的混合机制。     

MA-HP法制备Al_(0.4)FeCrNiCo_(1.5)Ti_(0.3)高熵合金组织与性能研究(英文)

采用机械合金化-真空热压烧结(MA-HP)法制备了Al0.4FeCrNi Co1.5Ti0.3高熵合金。利用XRD、SEM和力学压缩试验机分析Al0.4FeCrNiCo1.5Ti0.3合金的微观组织、相转变以及力学性能。结果表明:经高能球磨10 h,合金中形成了简单固溶体fcc和bcc相,而经过热压烧结的Al0.4Fe Cr Ni Co1.5Ti0.3合金以单一fcc相及2种bcc相(bcc1、bcc2)组成。热压烧结Al0.4Fe Cr Ni Co1.5Ti0.3合金致密度达99.48%,其微观硬度(HV),屈服强度、断裂强度、压缩率分别达到725 MPa,2.13 GPa,2.54 GPa,20.1%,合金优异的力学性能主要是因为合金的固溶强化;断裂模式为解理断裂及塑性断裂的混合机制。     

CoCrFeNiTi_(0.5)高熵合金在熔融Na_2SO_4-25%NaCl中的腐蚀行为

研究Co Cr Fe Ni Ti0.5高熵合金在熔融Na2SO4-25%Na Cl(质量分数)中的腐蚀行为,应用TGA获得其在650和750℃空气中的腐蚀动力学曲线;采用XRD、SEM(EDS)和EPMA对腐蚀产物的截面形貌及元素分布进行分析。结果表明:喷涂Na2SO4-25%Na Cl的Co Cr Fe Ni Ti0.5高熵合金在650和750℃时的腐蚀动力学曲线相似,呈"指数"增长规律;腐蚀截面由含较多Ti O2、部分Cr2O3以及微量尖晶石结构氧化物构成的氧化层与含孔隙且贫Cr和Ti、富Fe、Ni和Co的腐蚀影响区两部分构成;延长腐蚀时间或提高腐蚀温度后,氧化层破裂,与基体的结合程度显著下降,发生严重剥离甚至脱落。分析认为:Co Cr Fe Ni Ti0.5高熵合金在Na2SO4-25%Na Cl中的高温腐蚀归因于氧化、硫化以及氯化的综合作用。     

激光沉积CoCrFeNiSi-(Al,Ti)非等原子比高熵合金涂层腐蚀行为研究

目的 研究Al、Ti元素对激光沉积CoCrFeNi系高熵合金涂层耐蚀性能影响,并对影响程度进行比较。方法 采用激光沉积技术在316L不锈钢表面制备CoCrFeNiSi0.5、CoCrFeNiSi0.5Al0.5、CoCrFeNiSi0.5Ti0.5、CoCrFeNiSi0.5Al0.5Ti0.5等4种成分的高熵合金涂层,并通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、金相显微镜(OM)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)以及电化学工作站等设备对高熵合金涂层凝固组织形貌、微观组织形貌、微区成分分布、耐腐蚀性能等方面进行分析研究。结果 激光沉积CoCrFeNiSi0.5高熵合金涂层物相由单一面心立方(FCC)相构成;CoCrFeNiSi0.5Al0.5高熵合金涂层的主要物相变成体心立方(BCC)相,并形成沿晶界网状分布的Cr3Si相;CoCrFeNiSi0.5Ti0.5高熵合金涂层的主要物相仍为FCC相,但枝晶间区域内形成G相(Ni16Ti6Si7),枝晶内区域形成长条状Cr15Co9Si6相;CoCrFeNiSi0.5Al0.5Ti0.5高熵合金涂层的主要物相为BCC相,枝晶间区域G相含量较CoCrFeNiSi0.5Ti0.5合金涂层有所降低,枝晶内区域形成弥散分布的方形纳米Fe3Al相。激光沉积CoCrFeNiSi-(Al,Ti)非等原子比高熵合金涂层在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中的耐蚀性大小依次为CoCrFeNiSi0.5Ti0.5>CoCrFeNiSi0.5Al0.5Ti0.5>CoCrFeNiSi0.5>CoCrFeNiSi0.5Al0.5。浸蚀后,CoCrFeNiSi0.5高熵合金涂层以均匀腐蚀为主,CoCrFeNiSi0.5Al0.5涂层产生严重的晶间腐蚀,CoCrFeNiSi0.5Ti0.5涂层主要为枝晶间区域的点蚀,CoCrFeNiSi0.5Al0.5Ti0.5涂层枝晶间区域的点蚀程度明显高于CoCrFeNiSi0.5Ti0.5涂层,且枝晶内区域的纳米第二相颗粒发生脱落。结论 在酸性溶液环境中,相较于Al元素,Ti元素可更有效地提升激光沉积CoCrFeNi系高熵合金涂层的耐蚀性能。     

热处理对Fe40Cr30Ni20Al5Ti5高熵合金微观组织及性能的影响

选用5种非Co合金元素Fe、Cr、Ni、Al、Ti,采用真空电弧熔炼的方法制备了Fe40Cr30Ni20Al5Ti5高熵合金,利用XRD、SEM、EDS分析了热处理温度对高熵合金的微观组织形貌的影响,通过室温压缩试验及显微硬度测试研究了热处理温度对高熵合金力学性能的影响。结果表明:热处理温度对Fe40Cr30Ni20Al5Ti5高熵合金的晶体结构、微观组织和力学性能影响显著。在600℃时,合金的相和形貌变化不明显;在800℃出现了新的σ相;在1000℃时FCC相衍射峰显著增强,其微观形貌为环岛状。同时,合金600℃时的抗压强度最高,压缩率也达到了36%,硬度达到了1180 HV;800℃时,合金硬度达到最高值1450 HV。     

Al、Ni对AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.5)高熵合金组织结构的影响

研究了偏析元素Al、Ni的含量对Al Co Cr Fe Ni Ti0.5高熵合金组织结构的影响。采用XRD和SEM对该合金的组织进行了检测,分析了混合熵、混合焓、原子半径差、平均价电子浓度变化与组织结构变化的影响规律。结果表明:Al元素含量减小,合金中析出了FCC相,且合金组织形貌影受响明显;Ni元素含量减小,合金中BCC相衍射峰的强度增大;Al、Ni元素含量同时降低,合金中析出了σ相等金属间化合物相,且合金硬度增大。     

气相蒸发Ti-Fe系合金纳米粉末相生成规律及尺寸效应研究

采用电弧加热蒸发法制备出粉末粒度在5nm～30nm的Ti-Fe系合金纳米粉末，研究了纳米粉末的相生成规律以及混合物粉末的尺寸效应。实验结果表明，纳米粉末中化合物相的生成规律与Ti-Fe合金平衡相图的不同。蒸发Fe含量大于73％（质量分数，下同）的母合金时易得到FCC相和Fe2Ti相，而蒸发Ti含量大于47％的母合金易得到以FCC相和FeTi相为主的粉末，且所有粉末中FCC相含量最多。当母合金中Fe含量为53％时，粉末中FeTi相的相对含量是所有粉末中最高的。只有在蒸发Ti含量为90％的母合盒所得的粉末中检测到了少量Ti单质相。FCC相的d（111）晶面间距随母合金中Ti含量的增加而增加，说明FCC为固溶体相。DSC结果表明，纳米粉末的平均熔点明显低于粉末中各个合金相在平衡状态下的熔点。     

Cr对CoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4的合金化行为与组织的影响

采用"机械合金化+SPS烧结"制备了CoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4和CrCoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4块体高熵合金,研究元素Cr对CoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4高熵合金的合金化行为和组织的影响。结果表明:Cr元素并不影响CoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4高熵合金的合金化顺序,而影响完全合金化后的晶体结构,使CoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4高熵合金原本单一的fcc结构转变为fcc+bcc结构。SPS烧结后,CoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4高熵合金主要为fcc+bcc主相+微量bcc白相,而Cr元素的添加促使合金转变成fcc主相+微量bcc白相。同时,合金元素Cr的加入,使CoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4高熵合金中的微量白相,由原本富Al和Fe元素转变为富Al和Ti元素;且Cr元素不影响CoFeNiAl0.6Ti0.4高熵合金中fcc结构的纳米孪晶组织的形成。     

Al基五元高熵合金的热力学研究

高熵合金具有高硬度、高强度、良好的耐磨性以及耐腐蚀性等优异性能。高熵合金一般由5种或5种以上金属元素组成,不同金属元素可以提高合金内部混乱程度,形成具有简单晶格结构的固溶体相。Miedema理论和几何扩展模型可以计算多组元合金固溶状态的混合焓,而混合焓对高熵合金的固溶相的形成有重要影响。本文利用扩展Miedema理论计算Alx(CuMgSi-T)1-x (T=Ag, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, C, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg,In, Ir, K, La, Li, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Nb, Ni, Os, P, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, Sb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tc, Ti, Tl, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr)五元合金体系固溶状态的混合焓,用已有高熵合金混合焓和原子尺寸判据来预测了Alx(CuMgSi-T)1-x五元高熵合金的成分范围。计算结果表明,Alx(CuMgSi-T)1-x(T=Ag, As, Au, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, In, Ir, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb,Ni, Os, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Ru, Sb, Sc, Sn, Ta, Tc, Ti, V, W, Zn, Zr)五元体系合金混合焓和原子尺寸方均差δ参数满足相关判据,易于形成五元高熵合金。采用混合焓和δ参数判据可以预测高熵合金的成分,为高熵合金设计提供较为精确的热力学数据。     

元素分布对FeCoCrNi高熵合金涂层微观组织的影响

聚焦于激光熔覆高熵合金表面强化技术,开展了6 mm厚TC4钛合金板材表面激光熔覆FeCoCrNi高熵合金涂层的研究. 首先通过X射线衍射(XRD)对FeCoCrNi高熵合金熔覆层进行物相分析,探究其相组成. 随后,利用金相显微镜和场发射扫描电子显微镜表征手段,探究了熔覆层以及其与TC4基体结合界面处的微观组织形态及物相分布. 结果表明,Ti,Ni组合和Ti,Co组合具有最大的负混合焓(?H_mix),因此易造成部分物相中(Ti,Ni,Co)的富集,而其周围相中则会呈现出(Fe,Cr)的富集. 结合界面上部和下部主要由灰色的柱状晶组成,中部区域主要由白色网状组织和灰色收缩孔洞组成.     

Ti12Zr10Si5Fe2Sn非晶合金的制备与力学性能

利用快速凝固法制备Ti12Zr10Si5Fe2Sn非晶合金条带,采用XRD、TEM、SEM及拉伸试验机等手段研究其组织结构和力学性能。结果显示：该非晶钛合金力学性能优良,其抗拉强度高达399 MPa,屈服应力为329 MPa,断裂延伸率为2.5%,弹性模量为39 GPa,较晶态金属更接近于人体骨的弹性模量,另外对其断口形貌进行观察分析。     

基于第一性原理计算V元素对高熵合金Al0.4Co0.5VxFeNi的组织及性能影响

采用第一性密度泛函理论,结合虚拟晶体近似（VCA）的方法建立晶体结构模型,开展高熵合金Al0.4Co0.5Vx FeNi的结构性能、弹性性能及基态能量计算。根据能量最低原理可确定,Al0.4Co0.5Vx FeNi高熵合金的最优K-point值为12×12×12,截断能为1000 eV。计算结果表明：Al0.4Co0.5Vx FeNi系高熵合金均可生成fcc+bcc结构,fcc的力学稳定性明显优于bcc的力学稳定性。V元素含量由0.2增至0.8时,bcc点阵常数降低约4%,fcc晶格常数降低约6%。随着V元素的增加,Al0.4Co0.5Vx FeNi合金的体模量、剪切模量逐渐减小。V元素含量为0.8时,bcc结构的泊松比异常增加,进一步说明了随着V元素含量的增加,材料的塑性变形能力降低,材料的脆性增加。经试验验证,Al0.4Co0.5Vx FeNi系高熵合金均由fcc和bcc组成,组织形貌均为两相组织;V元素含量由0.2升至0.8时,延伸率降低约85%,该试验结果与第一性原理计算的结果较为吻合。     

Mechanical properties of intermetallic phases in multi-component Al–Si alloys using nanoindentation

The presence of additional elements in a multi-component Al–Si alloy system allows many complex intermetallic phases to form. The mechanical properties of different intermetallic phases have been investigated using nanoindentation. In particular, the hardness and modulus of a number of phases have been established for a range of alloy compositions. The results show that both hardness and reduced modulus increase as the Ni ratio of the Al–Cu–Ni phases increases. The elastic modulus can be correlated with the formation temperature of the intermetallic phases. The intermetallic phases with a high heat of formation have a strong binding between atoms and therefore, their elastic modulus is also higher.     

Ab initio based study of finite-temperature structural,elastic and thermodynamic properties of FeTi

We employ density functional theory (DFT) to calculate pressure dependences of selected thermodynamic, structural and elastic properties as well as electronic structure characteristics of equiatomic B2 FeTi. We predict ground-state single-crystalline Young's modulus and its two-dimensional counterpart, the area modulus, together with homogenized polycrystalline elastic parameters. Regarding the electronic structure of FeTi, we analyze the band structure and electronic density of states. Employing (i) an analytical dynamical matrix parametrized in terms of elastic constants and lattice parameters in combination with (ii) the quasiharmonic approximation we then obtained free energies, the thermal expansion coefficient, heat capacities at constant pressure and volume, as well as isothermal bulk moduli at finite temperatures. Experimental measurements of thermal expansion coefficient complement our theoretical investigation and confirm our theoretical predictions. It is worth mentioning that, as often detected in other intermetallics, some materials properties of FeTi strongly differ from the average of the corresponding values found in elemental Fe and Ti. These findings can have important implications for future materials design of new intermetallic materials.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of laser-welded TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel wires

The Nd:YAG laser welding was used to join the TiNi shape memory alloy and AISI304 stainless steel wires. The microstructural features of the dissimilar material joint were analyzed. The tensile and hardness tests were carried out to examine the mechanical properties and microhardness distribution of the welded joint. The results show that the joint has the non-homogeneous microstructure and element distribution. The brittle phases such as Fe2Ti, FeTi, Cr2Ti, Ti3Ni4, Fe0.2Ni4.8Ti5 and TiN mainly segregate in rich Ti region of fusion zone. The laser-welded joint has the tensile strength of 298 MPa with the elongation of 3.72% and exhibits the brittle fracture features on the fracture surfaces. The reasons for low joint strength were discussed in this investigation.     

Microstructure and properties of Ti64.51Fe26.40Zr5.86Sn2.93Y0.30 biomedical alloy fabricated by laser additive manufacturing

From the perspective of biomechanics and forming technology, Ti−Fe−Zr−Sn−Y eutectic alloy was designed using a “cluster-plus-glue-atom” model, and then the alloy was prepared by laser additive manufacturing (LAM) on pure titanium substrate. The mechanical properties of the alloy were evaluated using micro-hardness and compression tester, and the elastic modulus was measured by nanoindenter. The results show that the alloy exhibits a high hardness of HV (788±10), a high strength of 2229 MPa, a failure strain of 14%, and a low elastic modulus of 87.5 GPa. The alloy also has good tribological, chemical, forming, and biological properties. The comprehensive performances of the Ti_64.51Fe_26.40Zr_5.86Sn_2.93Y_0.30 alloy are superior to those of the Ti_70.5Fe_29.5 eutectic alloy and commercial Ti−6Al−4V alloy. All the above-mentioned qualities make the alloy a promising candidate as LAM biomaterial.     

Fe-Ti二元体系的热力学重新优化(英文)

为提高Fe-Ti二元系外推到三元或多元体系的能力,应用CALPHAD方法重新优化了该二元系。与前人的优化工作相比,重点放在对两个二元金属间化合物Fe2Ti和FeTi的热力学描述上。因目前普遍采用双亚点阵模型来描述C14_Laves相,所以采用双亚点阵模型来描述Fe2Ti相。通过检验包含Fe-Ti二元系的三元体系Fe-Ti边界上Fe2Ti相的均匀化范围进一步证实了Fe2Ti相的相边界。FeTi相具有BCC_B2晶体结构,因而将其处理成为BCC_A2相的有序相,并且用统一的Gibbs 能函数来描述有序和无序相。另外一个特别关注的方面就是重现这两个化合物的实测热容。计算结果与有关相图和热力学性质实验结果的广泛对比显示两者符合得很好,从而证明了所得热力学描述的有效性。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–Nb–Fe–Zr alloys with high strength and low elastic modulus

Zr was added to Ti–Nb–Fe alloys to develop low elastic modulus and high strength β-Ti alloys for biomedical applications. Ingots of Ti–12Nb–2Fe–(2, 4, 6, 8, 10)Zr (at.%) were prepared by arc melting and then subjected to homogenization, cold rolling, and solution treatments. The phases and microstructures of the alloys were analyzed by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were measured by tensile tests. The results indicate that Zr and Fe cause a remarkable solid-solution strengthening effect on the alloys; thus, all the alloys show yield and ultimate tensile strengths higher than 510 MPa and 730 MPa, respectively. Zr plays a weak role in the deformation mechanism. Further, twinning occurs in all the deformed alloys and is beneficial to both strength and plasticity. Ti–12Nb–2Fe–(8, 10)Zr alloys with metastable β phases show low elastic modulus, high tensile strength, and good plasticity and are suitable candidate materials for biomedical implants.