挤压态生物可降解镁合金Mg-2Zn-1Y-0.5Zr的显微组织、力学性能和腐蚀行为

研究了挤压温度对挤压态Mg-2Zn-1Y-0.5Zr生物可降解镁合金动态再结晶、织构和拉伸性能的影响,基于显微组织和腐蚀形态阐述了挤压态合金在模拟体液中的腐蚀机理。结果表明,在440 ℃（E440）下挤压的合金出现双峰结构,具有粗大的未再结晶（unDRXed）晶粒和细小的再结晶（DRXed）晶粒。未再结晶区域的变形晶粒对织构强度的影响最大。460 ℃的挤压合金（E460）具有均匀的再结晶晶粒,晶粒细化后拉伸性能显著改善。同时,均匀的再结晶晶粒会弱化织构强度。E460的样品表现出最佳耐腐蚀性,腐蚀速率为0.669±0.017 mm·a^-1。     

静液挤压及退火处理对AZ80镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

通过不同状态AZ80镁合金的金相组织观察、力学性能试验和断口SEM分析,研究了静液挤压及退火热处理对AZ80镁合金组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:经静液挤压后,镁合金组织发生动态再结晶,生成细小再结晶晶粒,再结晶晶粒尺寸10μm左右,镁合金抗拉及屈服强度明显提高,分别达到325 MPa和241 MPa。退火热处理后,在高温热能的驱动下镁合金组织发生了静态再结晶,同时位错能得到释放,使镁合金伸长率大幅度提高,达到8.1%。均匀化态的镁合金断裂属于韧性和脆性混合型断裂;挤压态镁合金断裂是脆性解理断裂;退火热处理态镁合金表现为沿晶脆性断裂,但与挤压态相比,断口有向韧性断裂过渡的倾向。     

等通道转角分流模挤压AZ31镁合金管材

采用等通道转角挤压(ECAP)技术改良了传统挤压模具分流孔;通过螺旋槽焊合模腔,挤出了壁厚2 mm的管材。研究了镁合金的组织变化及材料的性能。结果表明:挤压态合金组织均匀,晶粒细小(平均晶粒尺寸约为12.5μm)。等通道转角挤压的细化晶粒过程、动态再结晶以及退火再结晶使合金具有良好的组织结构和力学性能。挤压态试样断口呈现为脆性解理断裂方式,退火态试样断口则表现为脆性和韧性混合断裂机制。     

退火温度及时间对Mg-0.5Er合金组织与性能的影响

对挤压态Mg-0.5Er合金进行了退火处理,研究了退火温度和退火时间对合金显微组织、拉伸和压缩力学性能的影响。结果表明,挤压态Mg-0.5Er合金由细小的动态再结晶晶粒和部分未完全结晶的晶粒组成;退火处理后合金发生了明显的静态再结晶,形成了均匀细小的再结晶晶粒;在同一退火温度下,保温时间越长则平均晶粒尺寸越大,退火温度对晶粒尺寸的影响相对退火保温时间更为敏感;在同样的退火工艺下,Mg-0.5Er合金的抗压强度比抗拉强度高。     

挤压比对Mg—Zn—Zr—RE合金组织和性能的影响

研究了不同挤压比对铸态Mg-5．4Zn-0．3Zr-0．98RE镁合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。研究表明,当挤压比较小时,微观组织呈现出粗晶和细晶组成的混晶组织;随着挤压比增加到16,微观组织发生完全再结晶,获得均匀、细小的再结晶组织。动态再结晶是铸态镁合金Mg-5．4Zn-0．3Zr-0．98RE晶粒细化的机制。在挤压温度为250℃,挤压比为16时,合金获得的力学性能最好,抗拉强度为345MPa,屈服强度为223MPa,断后伸长率为21．4％。     

挤压比对AZ31镁合金组织结构的影响

试验研究了挤压比对AZ31镁合金组织结构的影响.结果表明,258℃挤压变形镁合金在形变初期容易出现孪晶,再结晶晶粒一般出现在晶界和孪晶附近.挤压比小时动态再结晶晶粒平均尺寸为2 μm,动态结晶细化了晶粒.随着挤压比增大,晶粒尺寸减小,组织趋于均匀.挤压比达到16时,动态再结晶基本完成.挤压比为25时,能得到晶粒细小且均匀的组织,平均晶粒尺寸为7.3 μm.     

变形与退火对ZA31镁合金组织与性能的影响

研究了ZA31镁合金挤压和轧制变形,分析了挤压比、挤压温度及轧制退火温度对合金组织性能的影响。结果表明,挤压后合金发生了动态再结晶;在挤压比16∶1和挤压温度250、300℃时,动态再结晶程度增加,晶粒显著细化;随挤压温度增加,强度和塑性先增加后减小,在300℃时达到最大值。在挤压比36∶1和挤压温度300℃时,合金动态再结晶程度增加,但晶粒尺寸不均匀,强度和塑性的提高幅度并不明显。轧制态ZA31镁合金晶内出现了大量的形变孪晶;在退火过程中,225℃以下合金发生回复,225~280℃发生静态再结晶。随退火温度提高,合金的强度下降。     

工艺参数对AZ91镁合金挤压组织及性能的影响

通过对均匀化退火后的AZ91镁合金热挤压成形的试验研究,分析了AZ91镁合金热挤压成形时组织及力学性能的变化规律.结果表明:挤压态AZ91镁合金为明显的动态再结晶细化组织,且产生了(0001)面织构,细小的再结晶晶粒以及织构的存在都有利于材料的强度和塑性的改善,其抗拉强度随挤压温度、挤压比和挤压速度的升高而升高.挤压制品具有较好的综合力学性能,抗拉强度σ(h)均在310MPa～340MPa之间,延伸率δ在10％ - 12％之间.     

等径弯曲通道变形制备超细晶低碳钢的热稳定性

用等径弯曲通道变形(equal-channel angular pressing简称ECAP)法制备出超细晶低碳钢材料，并在不同退火条件下研究其组织的热稳定性。研究表明，在200～500％之间退火时，材料组织处于回复阶段，其铁素体晶粒几乎没有长大，晶粒尺寸约0．4／μm；在550℃退火时，铁素体组织由较大的再结晶晶粒和细小的未再结晶晶粒组成；在550℃相同条件下退火时，变形试样中的渗碳体与热轧态试样中的渗碳体相比，前者球化能力明显增强；600℃退火时再结晶完成。     

均匀化退火工艺对ZM21镁合金热变形行为的影响

将ZM21镁合金分别在Gleeble-1500D上进行热压缩和在500 t卧式挤压机上用工业铸锭进行热挤压试验,研究了均匀化退火工艺对合金变形后组织和热变形行为的影响.结果表明,随360 ℃均匀化退火时间的延长,ZM21镁合金热压缩变形的峰值应力不断降低;退火时间超过12 h后,峰值应力趋于稳定;同时随退火时间的延长,热压缩变形后的冉结晶晶粒尺寸不断增大,但显微组织越来越均匀.均匀化退火对ZM21镁合金挤压态的力学性能影响不大,但可降低挤压时的变形抗力,提高挤压速度,易于挤压成形.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Extruded Mg–Zn–Ag Alloys with Single-Phase Structure

Mg–Zn–Ag alloys have been extensively studied in recent years for potential biodegradable implants due to their unique mechanical properties,biodegradability and biocompatibility.In the present study,Mg–3Zn-x Ag(wt%,x=0.2,0.5 and0.8)alloys with single-phase crystal structure were prepared by backward extrusion at 340°C.The addition of Ag element into Mg–3Zn slightly influences the ultimate tensile strength and microstructure,but the elongation firstly increases from12%to 19.8%and then decreases from 19.8%to 9.9%with the increment of Ag concentration.The tensile yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy reach up to 142,234 MPa and 19.8%,respectively,which are the best mechanical performance of Mg–Zn–Ag alloys in the present work.The extruded Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy also possesses the best corrosion behavior with the corresponding corrosion rate of 3.2 mm/year in immersion test,which could be explained by the single-phase and uniformly distributed grain structure,and the fewer twinning.     

Growth Morphologies of a Binary Alloy with Low Anisotropy in Directional Solidification

Two new classes of growth morphologies, called doublons and seaweed, were simulated using a phase-field method. The evolution of doublon and seaweed morphologies was obtained in directional solidification. The influence of orientation and velocity on the growth morphology was investigated. It was indicated that doublons preferred growing with its crystallographic axis aligned with the heat flow direction. Seaweed, on the other hand, could be obtained by tilting the crystalline axis to 45°. Stable doublons could only exist in a range of velocity regime. Beyond this regime the patterns formed would be unstable. The simulation results agreed with the reported experimental results qualitatively.