Liquid Penetration Phenomenon of Gas Atomized Powders during Semi-solid Rolling

在氢气保护性气氛下,采用半固态轧制工艺将Al-5.8Zn-1.63Mg-2.22Cu-0.12Zr(wt%)粉末制备出生带材。研究了加热相同温度610℃(i.e.液相分数f s≈53%)时,不同的加热时间对生带材显微组织的影响,重点研究了液相渗透现象。结果表明:液相渗透程度越高,颗粒在接触界面的边界加速消失,颗粒边界发生了较大的变化。当在610℃下加热,保温时间由10 min延长至30 min时,η(Mg Zn2)相的数量减少,且在晶界处析出了更多的Al2Cu颗粒。Al-5.8Zn-1.63Mg-2.22Cu-0.12Zr(wt%)粉末在610℃下半固态轧制,其最优的保温时间为20~30 min。研究结果表明通过优化半固态轧制工艺可以制备出性能优异的带材。     

气雾化粉末在半固态轧制过程中的液相渗透现象(英文)

在氢气保护性气氛下,采用半固态轧制工艺将Al-5.8Zn-1.63Mg-2.22Cu-0.12Zr(wt%)粉末制备出生带材。研究了加热相同温度610℃(i.e.液相分数f s≈53%)时,不同的加热时间对生带材显微组织的影响,重点研究了液相渗透现象。结果表明:液相渗透程度越高,颗粒在接触界面的边界加速消失,颗粒边界发生了较大的变化。当在610℃下加热,保温时间由10 min延长至30 min时,η(Mg Zn2)相的数量减少,且在晶界处析出了更多的Al2Cu颗粒。Al-5.8Zn-1.63Mg-2.22Cu-0.12Zr(wt%)粉末在610℃下半固态轧制,其最优的保温时间为20~30 min。研究结果表明通过优化半固态轧制工艺可以制备出性能优异的带材。     

Zn含量及热处理工艺对Al-Mg-Cu-Sc-Zr合金组织性能的影响

采用铸锭冶金法制备了Al-8.7Zn-2.5Mg-1.2Cu-0.12Sc-0.15Zr和Al-9.5Zn-2.5Mg-1.2Cu-0.12Sc-0.15Zr合金,采用扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究了两种合金不同处理态的显微组织,测试了不同热处理状态下合金的力学性能和电导率.结果表明,增加Zn含量可以提高Al-Mg-Cu-Sc-Zr合金的抗拉强度,降低电导率.     

含钪Al-9.0Zn-2.5Mg-1.2Cu-0.15Zr合金铸态组织与力学性能

采用铸锭冶金法制备了Al-9.0Zn-2.5Mg-1.2Cu-0.15Zr、Al-9.0Zn-2.5Mg-1.2Cu-0.12Sc-0.15Zr和Al-9.0Zn-2.5Mg-1.2Cu-0.20Sc-0.15Zr三种合金,采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜,研究了三种合金铸态及不同热处理状态下的显微组织,测试了不同热处理状态下合金的力学性能。结果表明,Sc含量增加可以提高Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金的抗拉强度和伸长率,Al-9.0Zn-2.5Mg-1.2Cu-0.15Zr-0.20Sc经固溶和T6处理后,抗拉强度达到774.6 MPa,伸长率为8.3%。其作用机理主要为Sc含量增加,使合金中Al(3 Sc,Zr)引起的细晶强化、亚结构强化和弥散强化更进一步加强。     

Al-10Zn-1.9Mg-1.7Cu-0.12Zr高锌铝合金热压缩变形流变应力本构方程

利用Gleebble-3500热模拟机对Al-10Zn-1.9Mg-1.7Cu-0.12Zr高锌铝合金进行热压缩变形试验,获得该合金在不同变形温度和应变速率条件下的流变应力本构方程。结果表明:Al-10Zn-1.9Mg-1.7Cu-0.12Zr高锌铝合金的高温流变行为可用包含Arrhenius项的Zener-Hollomon参数来描述,在获得的流变应力本构方程中A、α和n值分别为4.0934×1016 s-1、0.01145 MPa-1和5.961;其热变激活能为221 569.977 J/mol。     

半固态粉末轧制法制备10%B_4C-AA2024复合材料带材的致密化过程（英文）

半固态粉末轧制法是一种制备带材的新型工艺方法,既包含有粉末轧制技术的优点,也包含有半固态轧制技术的优点。研究B4C与AA2024混合粉末颗粒在存在液相情况下的致密化过程和变形规律,同时分析相对密度与轧制力的关系。结果表明,液相分数对半固态粉末轧制带材的致密化过程有着重要的影响。致密化过程可分为3个阶段。当液相分数低于20%时,轧制变形成为主要的致密机制;当液相分数高于20%时,液相的流动与填充成为带材的致密机制。随着轧制力的增加,材料相对密度增大。在550°C和585°C条件下得到的相对密度与轧制力曲线变化趋势相一致。而605°C和625°C得到的相对密度与轧制力曲线趋势明显不一致。     

轧制对Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金时效组织及MgZn_2相析出动力学的影响

利用光学显微镜及X射线衍射仪对轧制后时效的Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu铝合金的显微组织及MgZn_2相的体积分数进行表征,研究了轧制变形量对Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu铝合金时效处理后的组织及MgZn_2相析出动力学的影响,结果表明:轧制变形后该合金显微组织沿轧制方向呈流线型分布,且随轧制变形量的增大,时效态组织出现再结晶现象;时效过程中MgZn_2相优先在晶界处析出;随着轧制变形量的增大,MgZn_2相的析出速度增大;结合试验数据,由JMAK方程计算两种轧制变形量的Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu铝合金在同一时效处理温度下,经过不同的时效时间,MgZn_2析出相的体积分数的拟合曲线分别为y=1-exp(-0.00060t~(0.5306))和y=1-exp(-0.00063t~(0.5276))。     

喷射成形Al-9.97Zn-2.65Mg-1.94Cu-0.12%Zr合金均匀化过程中的组织演变

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、差热分析等手段,研究了喷射成形Al-9.97Zn-2.65Mg-1.94Cu-0.12%Zr合金在均匀化过程中微观组织的演变。结果表明:均匀化处理可使合金中的一次析出相明显减少,经470℃均匀化处理24h的Al-9.97Zn-2.65Mg-1.94Cu-0.12%Zr合金的晶粒尺寸没有明显长大,大多数AlZnMgCu四元相回溶到基体中;均匀化态组织除α(Al)外,主要存在3种不同的相,分别为AlZnMgCu四元相、Al9FeNi相以及Al3Zr(L12)弥散粒子。     

固溶处理对Al-9.8Zn-2.37Mg-2.22Cu-0.12Zr铝合金拉伸性能、微观组织及断口形貌的影响

采用拉伸力学性能测试、金相观察、SEM和EDS等方法研究了固溶温度与时间对Al-9.8Zn-2.37Mg-2.22Cu-0.12Zr铝合金微观组织、拉伸性能及断口形貌的影响.结果表明,固溶时间过短或温度过低,可溶第二相粒子难以充分回溶到基体中去,不利于发挥合金的时效强度潜力;而固溶温度过高或时间过长则易导致试样过烧.能谱分析表明,在固溶处理过程中发生溶解的粒子主要为AlZnMgCu型化合物,而残留的粗大第二相粒子则主要是含Fe化合物.固溶处理后残留的粗大第二相粒子数量和再结晶程度共同影响着拉伸断口形貌.     

固溶处理对Al-9.8Zn-2.37Mg-2.22Cu-0.12Zr铝合金拉伸性能、微观组织及断口形貌的影响

采用拉伸力学性能测试、金相观察、SEM和EDS等方法研究了固溶温度与时间对Al-9.8Zn-2.37Mg-2.22Cu-0.12Zr铝合金微观组织、拉伸性能及断口形貌的影响.结果表明,固溶时间过短或温度过低,可溶第二相粒子难以充分回溶到基体中去,不利于发挥合金的时效强度潜力;而固溶温度过高或时间过长则易导致试样过烧.能谱分析表明,在固溶处理过程中发生溶解的粒子主要为AlZnMgCu型化合物,而残留的粗大第二相粒子则主要是含Fe化合物.固溶处理后残留的粗大第二相粒子数量和再结晶程度共同影响着拉伸断口形貌.     

Microstructure evolution during semi-solid powder rolling and post-treatment of 7050 aluminum alloy strips

Semi-solid powder rolling (SSPR) combines semi-solid rolling with powder rolling to prepare high-performance metallic strips. Semi-solid powders were prepared under an inert atmosphere and subsequently rolled by a powder rolling machine. Conductive cooling between the pre-heated rollers and semi-solid powders results in a rapid solidification effect that is able to process alloys with a broad freezing range. The liquid in the semi-solid powders plays an important role in the microstructure evolution, which can improve the strength of strips. The 7050 aluminum alloy strips were obtained and used to evaluate the processing parameters and strip qualities for strips up to 100 mm wide and 1.5–2 mm thick. The process of semi-solid powder rolling was described and microstructure evolution during rolling and post-treatment was analyzed. The combination mechanism of semi-solid powders during rolling was also discussed. The results show that the best liquid fraction to prepare a strip ranges from 45 to 65%. Flowing and filling of liquid (>10%), densification by rolling and recrystallization (<10%) are the three combination mechanisms of the semi-solid powders during rolling. In addition, semi-solid powder rolled strips can be processed subsequently by hot rolling with the improved micro-hardness and relative density.     

Microstructure characterization of Al-cladded Al–Zn–Mg–Cu sheet in different hot deformation conditions

Al-cladded Al–Zn–Mg–Cu sheets were compressed up to 70% reduction on a Gleeble–3500 thermo-mechanical simulator with temperatures ranging from 380 to 450 °C at strain rates between 0.1 and 30 s^?1. The microstructures of the Al cladding and the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu matrix were characterized by electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructure is closely related to the level of recovery and recrystallization, which can be influenced by deformation temperature, deformation pass and deformation rate. The level of recovery and recrystallization are different in the Al cladding and the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu matrix. Higher deformation temperature results in higher degree of recrystallization and coarser grain size. Static recrystallization and recovery can happen during the interval of deformation passes. Higher strain rate leads to finer sub-grains at strain rate below 10 s^?1; however, dynamic recovery and recrystallization are limited at strain rate of 30 s^?1 due to shorter duration at elevated temperatures.     

Microstructures of super high strength Al–10Zn–2˙5Mg–2˙3Cu–0˙14Zr alloys under electromagnetically stirred direct chill casting

Abstract

In this report solidification and homogenisation structures of a super high strength aluminium Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy were discussed. Al–9˙8Zn–2˙5Mg–2˙3Cu–0˙14Zr alloy was produced by low frequency electromagnetic casting. Solidification structure constituents of this alloy cast by low frequency electromagnetic casting was first discussed, in particular, boundary phases formed mostly by eutectic reaction were discussed: MgZn₂ included with Cu is a major eutectic phase in boundaries; T [Mg₃₂(Al,Zn)₄₉] included with Cu and Si, and S (Al₂CuMg) are located with boundaries as eutectics; Al₂Cu is crystallised as eutectic among which a part is found separately as globular; Al₇Cu₂Fe is crystallised as a facet shape. Second microstructure homogenised for 10 h at 460^u C was discussed. Constituents homogenised were MgZn₂ with Cu and Al₇Cu₂Fe with Zn.     

Effects of nano-sized TiB2 particles and Al3Zr dispersoids on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu based materials

The effects of TiB₂ and Zr on the microstructure, aging response and mechanical properties of hot-extruded Al–Zn–Mg–Cu based materials were investigated and compared by multi-scale microstructure characterization techniques. The results showed that proper addition of TiB₂ particles could refine grain size during solidification, promote dynamic recrystallization during extrusion, and inhibit grain growth during solution treatment. Meanwhile, Zr addition had minor influence on the grain refinement during solidification, but could effectively suppress recrystallization and grain growth compared with the Zr-free alloy. Furthermore, the TiB₂ addition could simultaneously enhance the aging kinetics and peak-aged hardness of the materials. Comparatively, Zr addition could also improve the peak-aged hardness with minor effect on the aging kinetics of the materials. Finally, the quench sensitivity, elastic modulus and tensile properties of the materials were compared and studied. Specifically, the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties, and the strengthening mechanisms were discussed in detail.     

A study on the microstructure of D023 Al3Zr and L12 (Al+12.5 at.% Cu)3Zr intermetallic compounds synthesized by PBM and SPS

The spark plasma sintering (SPS) of L1₂ phase Al₃Zr and (Al+12.5 at.% Cu)₃Zr powders with a nanocrystalline microstructure has been studied to produce bulk intermetallic compounds which maintain metastable structures such as L1₂ structure and nanocrystalline microstructure. The powders were prepared by 10 h planetary ball milling (PBM). Full-density L1₂ (Al+12.5 at.% Cu)₃Zr intermetallic compounds were obtained by SPS for 0 min at 600 °C. The specimens prepared with a longer holding time than 0 min at 600 °C or a higher temperature than 600 °C had local melting areas where micro-cracks were found. They had a lower relative density than the specimen SPS sintered at 600 °C for 0 min. The smallest grain size was obtained in the specimen prepared at 600 °C for 0 min, which was 20–30 nm as confirmed by TEM observation. This was the smallest grain size ever reported in the trialuminide specimens processed by various consolidations of nanocrystalline powders. Accordingly, the highest micro-hardness, 989.5 H_V, was obtained in the specimen and this value was three times higher than those of the specimens with micro grain sizes. Full density Al₃Zr intermetallics were prepared by SPS at 700 °C for 0 min. However, their crystal structure was D0₂₃ and micro-hardness was 778.1 H_V. By using SPS, the sintering time can be reduced within 10 min. It was thought that the decrease in sintering temperature for the PBM Al₃Zr and (Al+12.5 at.% Cu)₃Zr powders by 200–300 °C compared with the conventional sintering temperature resulted in the refinement of microstructure to the nano-size level.     

Special features of the formation of electron beam welded joints in pressed strips of a high-strength aluminium alloy of the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu system

The special features of electron beam welding of pressed strips of the V-1963-strength aluminium alloy of the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu system with a thickness of 40 mm are investigated. The results of tests of the welded joints in static tensile loading, bending, and impact toughness of the weld metal are presented. It is shown that the strength of the welded joints equals 0.7–0.8 of the strength of the parent material. The results of investigations of the macro- and microstructure of the welded joints are generalized and it is shown that the welded joints are characterized by the formation of an equiaxed fine-grained structure with the grain size of 5–10 μm.     

Refinement and strengthening mechanism of Mg−Zn−Cu−Zr−Ca alloy solidified under extremely high pressure

Mg?Zn?Cu?Zr?Ca samples were solidified under high pressures of 2–6 GPa. Scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction were used to study the distribution of Ca in the microstructure and its effect on the solidification structure. The mechanical properties of the samples were investigated through compression tests. The results show that Ca is mostly dissolved in the matrix and the Mg₂Ca phase is formed under high pressure, but it is mainly segregated among dendrites under atmospheric pressure. The Mg₂Ca particles are effective heterogeneous nuclei of α-Mg crystals, which significantly increases the number of crystal nuclei and refines the solidification structure of the alloy, with the grain size reduced to 22 μm at 6 GPa. As no Ca segregating among the dendrites exists, more Zn is dissolved in the matrix. Consequently, the intergranular second phase changes from MgZn with a higher Zn/Mg ratio to Mg₇Zn₃ with a lower Zn/Mg ratio. The volume fraction of the intergranular second phase also increases to 22%. Owing to the combined strengthening of grain refinement, solid solution, and dispersion, the compression strength of the Mg–Zn–Cu–Zr–Ca alloy solidified under 6 GPa is up to 520 MPa.     

Enhancing room temperature mechanical properties of Mg–9Al–Zn alloy by multi-pass equal channel angular extrusion

Influence of equal channel angular extrusion on room temperature mechanical properties of cast Mg–9Al–Zn alloy was investigated. The results show that room temperature mechanical properties of Mg–9Al–Zn alloy, such as yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation, can be improved heavily by equal channel angular extrusion. Processing routes, processing temperature and extrusion passes have important influence on room temperature mechanical properties of processed Mg–9Al–Zn alloy by equal channel angular extrusion. The optimum room temperature mechanical properties such as yield strength of 209 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 339 MPa and elongation of 14.1%, can be obtained when Mg–9Al–Zn alloy was processed by equal channel angular extrusion for 6 passes at route B_C at 498 K. Large bulk materials of Mg–9Al–Zn alloy with average grain size of 4 μm and high mechanical properties can be prepared.     

Al-4.10Cu-1.42Mg-0.57Mn-0.12Zr合金热变形过程中显微组织动态演化的表征(英文)

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对Al-4.10Cu-1.42Mg-0.57Mn-0.12Zr合金在变形温度300°C和应变速度10 s-1下进行热压缩变形,真应变分别为0.2、0.4、0.6和0.8。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜研究合金变形过程中复杂的动态显微组织演变。结果表明:真应力随着应变的增加而迅速增大至峰值,之后随着应变的增加而趋于稳定,呈现动态软化特征。随着应变的增大,位错缠结成胞状与亚晶结构,表明变形过程中发生动态回复。动态析出相S相、θ相和Al3Zr相在变形过程中粗化速度加快。铝基体中析出连续的S相,并发现有不连续的S相在Al3Zr相附近和亚晶界处形核析出。Al3Zr相相对比较稳定,易于在位错和亚晶界处析出。流动软化机制是由于动态回复和动态析出导致位错密度减少而引起的。     

Substitution of Cu and/or Al in η phase (MgZn2) and the implications for precipitation in Al–Zn–Mg–(Cu) alloys

The effects of Cu and Al substituting for Zn within bulk samples of η phase (nominally MgZn₂) have been studied by laboratory X-ray powder diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance. Increasing Al concentration causes both of the η phase lattice parameters to increase linearly, while increasing Cu concentration causes both parameters to decrease linearly. These effects also appear to combine in a linear fashion if both Al and Cu are substituted into the MgZn₂ structure, particularly in the case of the a lattice parameter. Al was found to substitute evenly onto both Zn sites, while Cu substitutes preferentially onto the 6(h) site at low Cu concentrations, before causing significant disruptions to the structure at concentrations above 1.1 at.%, leading to the transition to long period stacking phases at the expense of η. High-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction from a commercial Al–Zn–Mg–(Cu) alloy revealed that the η phase precipitates with lattice parameters that are substantially smaller than for pure MgZn₂, indicating Cu concentrations of at least 8.9 at.% and probably higher. It is likely that the Al matrix provides a mechanical constraint on the formation of any long period stacking phases and allows the η phase to exist in these alloys with such high Cu concentrations.