钌粉在不同温度下双向真空热压后的显微结构和晶体学演变（英文）

在温度为1050℃至1450℃、时间为2 h的条件下对钌粉进行了双向真空热压烧结。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对烧结样品进行了分析。在1250℃烧结时,真空热压样品的相对密度达到理论密度的99.7%;当温度进一步升高,密度出现下降。在不同的烧结温度可以看到不同的晶粒和孔洞形貌。XRD数据表明在烧结过程中获得了(002)择优取向。随着烧结温度的增加残余应力有所减小。     

强磁场中热处理对钌微观结构的影响

在强度为6 T的磁场中,在不同温度下,对真空热压成型的钌进行热处理,测定了样品的硬度和密度,并进行了X射线衍射(XRD)织构分析和扫描电镜(SEM)表征。结果表明,经强磁场热处理后钌的密度无变化,硬度增大;在强磁场和热处理温度的的共同作用下,钌内部原子迁移,从而使其晶粒取向、织构分布发生改变。     

不同制备方法对SiC_p/Fe金属陶瓷性能的影响

采用非均相沉淀法制得Cu包裹SiC_p复合粉体,利用干混、球磨的方法获得混合均匀的Fe-SiC_p(Cu)粉体.分别采用常压气氛烧结和电导直热真空热压烧结两种方式制备出SiCp/Fe金属陶瓷.利用XRD、SEM等手段对包裹粉体和烧结样品的组成及形貌等进行了表征,分别采用阿基米德原理及显微硬度仪测量了烧结样品的密度和显微硬度.结果表明,SiC_p表面包裹一层Cu有利于改善SiC_p和Fe的分散性和化学相容性.热压条件下样品的结构均匀,致密度和显微硬度均高于常压下制品.热压950 ℃保压4 min的样品密度和维氏硬度分别为7.12 g/cm~3和4200 MPa.     

热压烧结燃烧合成Ti3AlC2粉体的研究

以燃烧合成Ti3AlC2粉体为原料，研究了不同热压温度下Ti3AlC2粉体的热压烧结过程。实验结果表明，热压烧结Ti3AlC2粉体可得到Ti3AlC2致密块体陶瓷，Ti3AlC2粉体的热压烧结活性比直接使用Ti、Al（或Al4C3）和C为原料热压烧结的活性高，热压烧结温度以1400-1500℃之间为佳：烧结温度为1450℃，压力25MPa，Ar保护，保温2h的条件下，烧结Ti3AlC2粉体可得理论相对密度为99．05％，维氏硬度2．8GPa，抗弯强度426．02MPa，断裂韧性10．08MPa·m^1/2的烧结块体；烧结样品的密度和断裂韧性随烧结温度升高而增大，抗弯强度在高于1400℃时随热压温度升高而降低。     

粉末加工工艺对银钯合金靶材制备的影响

粉末冶金法制备的银钯合金靶材存在孔隙率较高和相对密度较低的缺点。采用不同的粉末工艺制备了银钯合金粉末样品,使用氢氧含量分析、表面形貌分析、XRD线形分析等方法,探究使用各组样品经真空热压烧结制备的靶材的差异及其机理。结果表明,球磨后的合金粉末在烧结前有必要真空煅烧除氧;随着球磨时间和球磨转速的增加,粉末先细化后形成薄片,烧结体的相对密度先上升后下降;100 r/min球磨2 h所得粉末制备的烧结体具有最高的相对密度,为99.264%。     

真空热压烧结对高纯W-Si合金靶材性能影响

以高纯W-Si合金粉(>99.995%)为原料,采用真空热压烧结工艺制备高纯W-Si合金靶材。研究烧结温度、热压压力、保温时间等工艺条件对靶材密度、微观组织性能的影响。结果表明,烧结温度在1350~1380℃,热压压力25~30 MPa,保温时间1.5~2 h,可制备出相对密度99%以上、平均晶粒尺寸100μm以内的高性能W-Si合金靶材。     

热压烧结B4C陶瓷材料的组织与性能

采用热压烧结的方法,在不同烧结温度下对B4C微粉进行烧结,详细研究烧结温度对B4C陶瓷材料的力学性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明:B4C陶瓷材料的相对密度、抗弯强度及断裂韧性都随着烧结温度的升高先增大后减小,维氏硬度则随着烧结温度的增大而增大。采用粒度为1.5μm的B4C粉末,在1950℃热压后,材料的综合性能较好,其相对密度为99.1%、维氏硬度为32.3GPa、抗弯强度为524.6MPa、断裂韧性为6.56MPa·m1/2。     

陶瓷喷砂嘴的冲蚀磨损特性及其损坏机理

采用热压烧结工艺制备了Al2O3/TiC、Al2O3/(W,Ti)C和B4C陶瓷喷砂嘴.以SiC和Al2O3为冲蚀磨料进行了喷砂冲蚀试验.结果表明纯B4C陶瓷材料的烧结温度高、保温时间长、致密度低、晶粒粗,抗弯强度和断裂韧性低,但硬度最高;而Al2O3/TiC和Al2O3/(W,Ti)C陶瓷材料的烧结温度和保温时间比纯B4C陶瓷大大减小,致密度高,抗弯强度和断裂韧性比纯B4C陶瓷高1倍以上,但硬度相对低.对陶瓷喷砂嘴在磨料冲蚀下的应力状态进行了有限元分析,结果表明陶瓷喷嘴入口处所受的应力最大,出口次之,中间区域最小.B4C陶瓷喷砂嘴的最佳入口锥角为11°,而Al2O3/(W,Ti)C陶瓷喷砂嘴的最佳入口锥角为16°.陶瓷喷嘴入口和出口处的磨损机理主要表现脆性断裂;而中间区域的磨损机理主要表现为磨料颗粒对喷嘴内壁表面的研磨、抛光和微切削作用.     

二阶段热压烧结工艺对WC-MgO复合材料组织和力学性能的影响

二阶段烧结是一种通过控制烧结温度变化以实现烧结样品致密化过程中抑制晶粒长大的烧结方法。以高能球磨法制备的纳米WC-MgO复合粉末为原料,并采用二阶段热压烧结法制备WC-MgO复合材料。研究二阶段热压烧结对烧结块体的致密度、晶粒大小和力学性能的影响,优化二阶段烧结中第一阶段温度t1、第二阶段温度t2及保温时间θ等工艺参数,采用XRD和SEM对复合材料的组织形貌进行表征。结果表明:当t1为1 750℃,t2为1 550℃时能使WC-MgO复合材料的致密度达到99%(理论密度),基体WC晶粒大小为2.59μm,WC-MgO复合材料的维氏硬度提高到(18.4±0.5)GPa,WC-MgO复合材料的断裂韧性提升至(12.95±0.5)MPa.m1/2,WC-MgO复合材料的抗弯强度提高至(1 283.7±126.6)MPa。     

真空烧结烧结温度和保温时间对WC-6%Ni细晶硬质合金组织及性能的影响

本文采用雾化干燥,氢还原碳化法,真空烧结等工艺制备WC-6%Ni细晶硬质合金,主要讨论了不同的烧结温度和保温时间对WC-6%Ni细晶硬质合金致密化,显微组织及性能的影响。采用扫面电镜(SEM),XRD,维氏硬度计等分析设备对样品进行检验。结果表明:随着烧结温度的提高,该样品的密度和硬度显著提高,当真空烧结温度1 420℃,保温1 h,WC-6%Ni硬质合金的密度为14.764 g/cm~3,硬度1 609 HV。在烧结温度1 420℃条件下,改变保温时间。保温时间过短,溶解和析出进行的不充分,导致少部分孔洞没有被液相完全填充,保温时间过长会导致粘结相Ni、元素C等损失,形成大量孔洞和Ni池等缺陷。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis