稀土元素在金属材料中的一些物理化学作用

针对不同金属溶液体系，采用了不同的实验方法，研究得到了铁液中Ｃｅ，Ｙ，Ｌａ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ分别与Ｓ，Ｏ，Ｓ＋Ｏ，Ｃ，Ｎ，Ｓｂ，Ｓｎ Ｐｂ，Ｐ，Ｃｕ，Ｔｉ，Ｎｂ，Ｖ溶质元素，镍液中Ｃｅ，Ｙ分别与Ｓ，Ｏ，Ｓ＋Ｏ溶质元素，铜液中Ｃｅ，Ｙ分别与Ｓ，Ｏ，Ｓ＋Ｏ，Ｓｎ，Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ，Ａｌ，Ｓｉ，Ｔｉ，Ｆｅ溶质元素，铝液中Ｃｅ分别与Ｍｇ，Ｔｉ，Ｍｎ，Ｚｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｓｎ，Ｐｂ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｓｉ，Ｓ溶质元素构成的６７个三元     

废钢市场先扬后抑终趋稳定

新年伊始，钢铁市场便出现开门红，一方面进入月初，厂家资金压力略有缓解，在资源紧俏情况下，冬储意愿明显增强；另一方面房产行业作为钢铁消费大户，在年末出现翘尾现象，销量创下年内新高，这无疑会大幅提振钢铁市场，废钢受此联动，出现一波上扬，但1月中下旬，下游需求开始萎缩，钢厂亦逐渐完成冬储计划，对废钢采购开始缓和，部分小厂甚至压价采购，废钢整体开始稳中下沉，因春节日益临近，市场货源流通趋少，所以下沉幅度不大，随着商家不断离市，市场成交日渐趋少，料年前基本平稳运行，行情波动有限。     

国外期刊题录

热处理Vol34，No3，1994热处理（日本）1994年第3期1．窒化素系现状上展望，氮化硅系陶瓷的现状和展望图5，照片2，表1，参考文献23，P119～124．2．W，Mo高温炉用情造材通用岛谷幸治，钨、钼应用于高温炉构件图4，照片2，表3，参考文献14，P，125～1303．3次元的结晶粒径分布评法松浦清隆，伊藤洋一，三维晶粒尺寸分布的评价法图5，参考文献19，P．131～1364．耐酸化性·耐热，藤田展弘，抗氧化性和耐热性优异的新型不锈钢的开发，图8，参考文献16，P．137～1425．铁系制振合金山田武海，铁系减振合金，图8，表3，参考文献11，P143～15…     

深井阳极地床的设计与施工

强制电流法阴极保护是埋在钢质管道防止腐蚀的有效方法，特别是在大口径，长距离等道施工中，得到普遍应用。强制电流法阴极保护的阳极地床是该方法的主体工程，一般采用浅埋阳极地床，但随着管道工业的飞速发展，长距离，大口径输气，输油，输水管道日益增多，如、西气东输”全长4100km输气管道正在兴建，途中的众多的管段要穿越江，河，湖，渠，管道深入地下，因此浅埋阳极地床已不能满足工程需要，必须采用深井阳极地床，才能取得优良的技术效果，本文对深井位置的选择，钻井方法，阳极组的安装，井底，井口的处理，阳极电缆敷设等工程设计和施工进行介绍。     

新形势下中国铸造工业的战略考虑

中国经济进入新一轮增长期。自2000年起，中国铸件产量跃居世界第一，国内需求旺盛，铸件出口增加，铸件生产节奏加快，产品更新周期缩短。销售服务贯穿整个过程，环保条例更加严格，要求铸造企业思想要跟上形势，以战略目光，加强管理，提高人员素质，注重技术改造，规范原辅材料的品质，采用新技术，适应新形势，促进中国铸造业的持续发展。     

摩擦压力机操纵装置

摩擦压力机操纵装置，属于锻压机械领域，其特征在于：是由控制系统、执行系统组成的电操纵装置，控制系统由手柄，传感器，电机控制器组成，手柄与传感器相连，传感器与电机控制器相连，执行系统是由偏心部件，减速机，连杆，电机组成，电机与减速机相连，减速机与偏心部件、连杆相连。具有能耗低，可降低80％，操纵装置更协调、灵便，噪音低，改善工作环境，因避免了空气压缩机运行时产生的噪音及排放废气造成的扬尘现象等优点。     

Hastelloy系耐蚀合金的性能及其应用

Ｈａｓｔｅｌｌｏｙ合金有Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄ，Ｆ，Ｅ系列，广泛用于盐酸，稀硫酸，磷酸，硝酸，有机酸，氢氟酸等介质。是化工，石油，化肥，原子能等工业中普遍使用的结构材料。对它们的研究与总结，有助于对这类材料的了解与选择。     

银的资源,应用与展望

本文介绍了银的矿藏资源在世界各地的分布情况，详细地叙述了近年来银在照相业，电影胶片业，电接点材料，电子工业，焊接业，能源工业，航空航天工业，超导材料，纤维复合材料，医学，货币，珠宝首饰和器具以及电镀等方面的应用开发和所占的比例，最后对银市场的供需情况进行了分析和预测。     

镍基高温合金晶界区稀土元素与杂质交互作用的电子理论研究

利用重合位置点阵模型（CSL）构造Ni∑5[100]／（210）大角度晶界模型。用Recursion方法计算了B，C，La，Y，Sc，P，S在晶界的环境敏感镶嵌能和B，C，La，Y，Sc在自由表面和晶界的隔离能。计算结果表明：B，C，La，Y，Sc具有较低环境敏感镶嵌能，趋于替代其它杂质，优先占据晶界位置，起到净化晶界的作用。B，C，La，Y，Sc在晶界的隔离能比自由表面低，说明它们更有利于偏聚在晶界而非表面，为韧性杂质。     

钨精矿中杂质元素ICP-MS测定方法的研究

采用电感耦合等离子质谱技术，研究了钨精矿中Sn，P，Ca，Nb，Ta，Mo，Cu，Pb，Zn，As，Mn，Bi，Fe，Sb 14种杂质元素含量的质谱分析方法。钨精矿样经NaOH-Na2O2碱熔后，加入硝酸，钨以钨酸的形式从溶液中沉淀而分离，消除了钨基体的干扰。在试样溶液中加入内标元素Sc，In，Tl，采用内标法进行校正，有效克服了基体效应、接口效应及仪器波动所产生的影响：通过优化仪器工作参数，选择适当的待测元素的同位素，有效地克服了因质谱干扰所带来的影响。方法的加标回收率为90．5％～101．5％，相对标准偏差为1．2％～7．8％，分析结果与按国家标准方法分析的结果相吻合，且具有快速、简便、准确等特点，可用于钨精矿及钨产品中杂质元素含量分析。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Simulation of 3-D Deformation and Material Flow During Roll Forging Process Using System of Oval-Round Groove

Basing on the analysis of the traits of the roll forging process, a system-model of computer simulation has been established. Three-dimensional rigid-plastic FEM has been used for the simulation of the deformation process in the oval and round pass rolling, including the entering, rolling, and separating stages. The analysis was conducted using the Deform-3D ver.5.0 code. The important information concerned with the deformation area characteristic, material flow, and velocity field has been presented. Otherwise,the location of the neutral plane in the deformation area was shown clearly.     

Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis and Growth Kinetics of Fe-Based Magnetic Nanoparticles

The facile hydrothermal method was used to synthesize Fe3O4 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 11nm. The pure body-centered cubic (bcc)-Fe nanoparticles were prepared by reduction of Fe3O4 nanoparticles powder in H2 atmosphere. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results showed that the as-prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles had a relatively homogeneous size. The particle diameters became bigger with the increase of reaction time. The growth kinetics of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles was also briefly discussed. The products exhibited superparamagnetic properties at room temperature and the specific saturation magnetization was dependent on the particle sizes.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.     

壳聚糖载体对药物鼻腔吸收的促进作用

目的:研究伊文思蓝鼻腔给药壳聚糖载体的促吸收作用及其对鼻腔黏膜的毒性。方法:小鼠鼻腔给伊文思蓝的壳聚糖溶液后, 采用荧光显微镜观察脑部伊文思蓝的分布;紫外法测定小鼠脑部其含量;通过鼻腔黏膜切片考察壳聚糖对大鼠鼻腔黏膜毒性。结果:壳聚糖对伊文思蓝经鼻吸收入脑具有促进作用, 伊文思蓝在脑前、中、后部均有分布;壳聚糖载体对大鼠鼻黏膜毒性较小。结论:壳聚糖是水溶性药物经鼻吸收入脑的优良载体。     

Effects of Sub-zero Celsius Treatment and Tempering on the Stability of Retained Austenite in Bearing Steel

In this work, the influence of sub-zero Celsius treatment and tempering on the mechanical and thermal stability of retained austenite in bearing steel were assessed by tensile test and DSC. Compared with traditional quenched and tempered treatment, sub-zero Celsius treatment obviously decreases the volume fraction of retained austenite. Moreover, the mechanical stability of retained austenite was enhanced due to the accumulation of compressive stresses in retained austenite after sub-zero Celsius treatment and tempering. Meanwhile, the morphology of retained austenite changed from film-like to blocky with austenitization temperature increasing, and the mechanical stability of film-like retained austenite is higher than that of blocky one. The DSC results showed that the activation energy of retained austenite decomposition slightly increased through sub-zero Celsius treatment and tempering. This result may probably be ascribed to partitioning of carbon during tempering. However, the temperature at which retained austenite starts to decompose is unchanged.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Mathematical modeling of nanodispersed hardening of FCC materials

The plastic deformation of the pipe made of Cu-based alloy hardened by incoherent nanoparticles and subjected to the uniform internal pressure was investigated. The limits of elastic and plastic resistance are determined. The insignificant excess in the limit of the elastic resistance enables the plastic deformation in the most part of the pipe wall. The densities of shear-forming dislocations and prismatic dislocation loops are higher in alloys strengthened with coarse particles than in alloys strengthened with fine particles. At small distances between the strengthening particles, this effect is the most pronounced.