低功率YAG激光-TIG电弧复合焊接镁合金薄板工艺

以2 mm厚AZ31B变形镁合金薄板为研究对象开展低功率脉冲YAG激光-TIG电弧复合热源焊工艺研究,分析了激光与电弧的能量匹配对焊缝成形的影响规律.结果表明,镁合金薄板低功率YAG激光-TIG电弧复合热源焊接过程中,激光能量与电弧能量之间的相互匹配将直接影响焊缝的表面成形,获得理想焊接接头的工艺参数区间相对较狭小.为使焊缝成形均匀连续,焊接过程中需要对焊缝背面采用氩气进行保护,当保护气体流量为5～10 L/min时获得了具有最佳性能的焊接接头,其拉伸载荷达到镁合金母材的95%以上.     

镁/钢填镍夹层激光-电弧复合对接熔化焊特性

利用激光-电弧(TIG)复合热源的能量密度梯度分布特征,通过添加镍箔夹层,开展了AZ31B镁合金与Q235钢对接熔化焊研究.采用电子万能拉伸试验机、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等手段分析了焊接接头的组织特征以及力学性能.结果表明,采用该方法能够实现镁/钢异质金属对接焊接成形,界面结合良好,接头钢侧形成了由Fe,Ni,Al元素构成的明显过渡区,焊缝主要由α-Mg和大量弥散分布的白色AlNi相颗粒组成.焊接接头断裂在钢侧界面附近,断口形貌呈现准解理断裂特征,接头平均抗拉强度为232 MPa,可达镁合金母材的90%.     

铝合金双光束/单光束激光-TIG复合焊

针对4mm厚5A06铝合金,分析了双光束光纤激光-TIG复合焊的焊缝成形特点、气孔率、匙孔动态特征及接头力学性能,并与单光束光纤激光-TIG复合焊对比。结果表明,在获得相同焊缝背面熔宽条件下,与单光束激光-TIG复合焊相比,双光束激光-TIG复合焊的焊缝背面成型连续性、均匀性更优且熔宽波动较小,焊缝气孔率降低50%以上,激光匙孔开口面积平均值更大,波动变异系数更小;双光束激光-TIG复合焊接头抗拉强度、断后伸长率、显微硬度、组织与单光束激光-TIG复合焊结果差别不大。     

Study of laser MIG hybrid welded AZ31 magnesium alloy

Abstract

The laser metal inert gas (MIG) hybrid welded AZ31 magnesium alloy is discussed in weld shape, microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties in comparison of single laser and arc welding. The stable MIG arc, reliable droplet transfer and regular weld that are hardly obtained in single MIG welding can be obtained in hybrid welding by laser arc synergic effects. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of hybrid weld are far higher than those of laser weld and reach 97·8 and 87·5% of base metal respectively. Under this experimental condition, the efficiency of hybrid welding is 1·20 times faster than that of single laser welding. Between the wide upper part (arc zone) and the narrow lower part (laser zone), obvious difference is observed. Arc zone has coarser grain size and wider partial melted zone than laser zone. Finally, the porosity reduction mechanism of hybrid weld is discussed according to the weld pool shape and the acting forces on it.     

镁合金/不锈钢激光-TIG复合焊的数值分析

应用Nd：YAG激光-TIG（非熔化极氩弧焊）复合焊接技术对AZ31B镁合金板和304L不锈钢板进行异种材料对接焊.根据复合焊接的能量耦合机理,建立了基于双椭圆平面分布、双椭球体积分布和旋转-高斯体积分布相结合的复合焊接热源模型,利用有限元数值模拟,分析了复合焊接温度场及残余应力分布.结果表明,对异种材料而言,焊缝处温度场差别较大,且镁合金侧的残余应力较高.     

镁合金小孔变极性等离子弧缝焊工艺

采用小孔变极性等离子弧缝焊工艺实现了AZ31B镁合金板材的连接,得到了高质量的焊接接头,焊后利用光学显微镜、万能拉伸试验机和显微硬度仪等设备对焊接接头的组织与性能进行了检测分析.结果表明,小孔变极性等离子弧缝焊工艺可以在不开坡口、不需背面强制成形保护的条件下,实现单面施焊双面获得良好的成形;焊接接头的热影响区不明显,平均拉伸剪切力能达到7.3 kN以上;焊缝区组织均匀,晶粒细小,硬度值均高于母材;是一种理想的提高镁合金焊接效率和质量的方法.     

Effect of filler wire on the joint properties of AZ31 magnesium alloys using CO2 laser welding

Laser welding with filler wire of AZ31 magnesium alloys is investigated using a CO2 laser experimental system. The effect of three different filler wires on the joint properties is researched. The results show that the weld appearance can be effectively improved when using laser welding with filler wire. The microhardness and tensile strength of joints are almost the same us those of the base metal when ER AZ31 or ER AZ61 wire is adopted. However, when the filler wire of ER 5356 aluminum alloy is used, the mechanical properties of flints become worse. For ER AZ31 and ER AZ61 filler wires, the microstructure of weld zone slws small dendrite grains. In comparison, for ER 5356 filler wire, the weld shows a structure of snowy dendrites and many intermetallic compounds and eutectic phases distribute in the dendrites. These intermetallic constituents with low melting point increase the tendency of hot crack and result in fiagile joint properties. Therefore, ER AZ31 and ER AZ61 wire are more suitable filler material than ER 5356 for CO2 laser welding of AZ31 magnesium alloys.     

AZ31镁合金薄板的CO2激光焊接接头性能

采用CO2激光焊接试验系统对AZ31镁合金薄板进行了焊接,研究了不同工艺条件下焊缝熔宽的变化,并对焊接接头的微观组织和接头性能进行了研究.试验结果表明,激光功率和焊接速度对焊缝熔宽有较大的影响.显微硬度测试和接头拉伸试验结果表明:焊接接头区域的显微硬度和抗拉强度都高于母材,焊接接头具有良好的力学性能.接头区域的晶粒细化和新的合金相的形成是接头性能改善的主要原因.     

Effect of heat input on microstructure and properties of welded joint in magnesium alloy AZ31B

Using the optical microscope, tensile test machine and micro-hardness meter, the effect of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties in fusion welding joints of AZ31B wrought alloys was investigated systematically, the mechanism on joint properties losing was analyzed, and a valid method to improve joint properties of the magnesium alloy fusion welding was explored. The results show that the heat input has an obvious effect on the microstructure and properties. Under the condition of penetration, with the heat input decreasing, the crystal grain in the weld and heat-affected zone (HAZ) becomes fine, the width of HAZ becomes obviously narrow, and the molding of the weld is improved, so the tensile strength and elongation are increased and the hardness of joints is improved. When the heat input reaches 60 J/mm, the high quality joints can he gained.     

镁/钢异种合金激光深熔钎焊工艺特性

以AZ31镁合金和Q235钢为研究对象,采用激光深熔钎焊的方法进行工艺试验,获得了具有熔焊和钎焊双重性能的复合型接头.同时,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和拉申试验机对焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,在接头界面的上部,液态镁合金对碳钢产生部分溶蚀作用,导致碳钢微量熔化;在接头界面的中下部,未见碳钢的熔化,熔...     

钛合金激光-TIG复合焊接保护状态对焊缝成形及性能影响

用激光-TIG复合热源对2.5 mm厚TA15钛合金进行对接焊试验.利用万能力学拉伸机、红外热成像仪、电子探针（EPMA）、扫描电镜（SEM）等分析手段对焊接接头进行测试分析,并与单TIG焊进行对比.分析焊接工艺参数和接头保护时间对焊接接头形貌和性能的影响.结果表明,实现2.5 mm厚钛合金全熔透焊接时,激光-TIG复合焊比单TIG焊速度更快、热输入更低,焊缝和热影响区更窄,晶粒更细;相同保护条件下,激光-TIG复合焊接头比单TIG焊接头具有更高的强度、塑性和更好的疲劳性能;激光-TIG复合焊缝冷却速率高于单TIG焊,获得良好的保护状态时所需保护时间更短.     

AM60变形镁合金薄板激光焊接接头的组织与性能

以AM60变形镁合金薄板为研究对象，分析C02激光焊后接头的组织和性能，探讨镁合金激光焊接的工艺特点。结果表明：在合适的工艺参数下，能获得表面成型良好、变形小的焊接接头。金相观察分析发现接头中热影响区不明显，焊缝区组织致密，晶粒细小，晶界上均匀分布着脆性相（Mg17A112），但内部易产生气孔、裂纹等微观缺陷。硬度测试结果显示，焊缝硬度略高，母材和热影响区硬度相当。在本实验条件下采用C02激光焊能实现AM60镁合金的焊接，抗拉强度可达母材的94％，断口表现为混合断裂。     

Mechanical properties and microstructures of hybrid laser MIG welded dissimilar Mg–Al–Zn alloys

Abstract

Bead shape, microstructure changes and mechanical properties of laser metal inert gas (MIG) welded dissimilar Mg–Al–Zn alloys (from AZ31B to AZ61) are studied. The results show that heat ratio of arc to laser (HRAL) and welding speed are dominant parameters for achieving good tensile strength efficiency and elongation property. From AZ31B to AZ61, microstructure changes are observed as cellular dendrites to equiaxed dendrites and fish bone dendrites in the upper part of hybrid weld. Besides, at weld centreline, the solidification structure of lower part is finer than that of upper part. In this study, the maximum tensile strength efficiency and elongation reached 97·6 and 7% respectively. When the HRAL matches welding speed well, the joint achieves higher tensile strength with 45° shearing fracture at heat affected zone because of fewer defects. However, when utilising too low HRAL or fast welding speed, the joints show lower tensile strengths with nearly vertical fracture at fusion zone.     

镁合金激光氩弧复合热源冷填丝焊接工艺

研究了镁合金的低功率激光-氩弧复合热源冷填丝焊接工艺.通过5 mm厚镁合金板材的堆焊试验,研究了焊接电流、焊接速度、钨极高度和热源距离等参数对焊缝成形和焊接熔深的影响,确定了钨极高度为0.75 mm,热源间距DLA为1.2 mm左右的焊接参数范围;在堆焊基础上,进行了2.5 mm厚镁合金板材的对焊试验,实现了单面焊双面成形,焊接速度达1 200 mm/min,焊接接头熔深为单TIG冷填丝接头熔深的两倍,抗拉强度达到母材的95%左右,实现了高速、优质的镁合金冷填丝焊接.另外,简要分析了激光的加入对焊接过程的影响.     

激光-TIG复合热源焊接参数对镁/钢异种材料焊接接头的影响

采用激光-TIG复合热源的焊接方法对镁和钢异种材料进行焊接,探讨了焊接工艺参数包括激光功率、激光离焦量、焊接速度以及TIG焊接电流对焊缝抗拉强度的影响.结果表明,在焊接过程中,随着激光功率的增大、焊接速度的减小,焊缝抗拉强度随之增大;随着激光离焦量的增加,焊缝抗拉强度呈现先增大后减小的特点;而TIG电流的变化对焊缝抗拉强度影响不大.试验证明,在合适的工艺参数下,能够得到成形良好、力学性能优良的镁/钢异种材料的焊接接头,并且在焊接过程中,激光对镁和钢的连接起主要作用.     

Study on ac-PMIG welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy

Abstract

Welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy is carried out using alternating current pulsed metal inert gas (ac-PMIG) welding with 1·6 mm diameter of filler wire. Typical current waveform is used to make sure arc given an accurate energy input into filler wire. The arc characteristics, metal transfer forms, microstructure and mechanical property of ac-PMIG welding of AZ31B magnesium are investigated. The results show that a stable welding procedure and continuous joints can be obtained easily under a wide range of welding parameters. The most important factors for ac-PMIG welding are negative electrode (EN) ratio and pulse rework current, which give an accurate energy input into filler wire. The grain in fusion zone is much finer and more uniform, and grain size does not grow significantly in the heat affected zone compared with base metal. The average ultimate tensile strength of weld beads is 97·2% of base metal.     

Laser welding of AZ61 magnesium-based alloys Laser welding of AZ61 magnesium-based alloys

0IntroductionMagnesium alloys containing small amounts of alloyedelements such as aluminum, manganese, zinc, zirconium,etc., have strength equaling that of mild steels. They dis-play high strength to weight ratio making them materials ofchoice whenever weight reduction is important or when it isimperative to reduce inertial forces (for rapidly moving ma-chine parts). Magnesiumalloys also have good castability,excellent recyclability and price competitiveness. Thereforethey are more and more wi…     

镁合金激光-TIG焊接温度场的红外测量与数值模拟

以变形镁合金AZ31B为研究对象,采用红外热像仪拍摄镁合金激光-TIG复合热源焊接过程中的焊接温度场,提出一种基于红外辐射测温原理.并针对红外热像仪的焊接温度场校正方法,采用热电偶验证该校正方法的准确性.利用数值模拟方法模拟整体温度场.试验结果表明,实温校正可准确校正试件表面状态一致区域的温度场,而表面校正可消除试件表面状态改变而引起的对温度场分布的影响,结合实温与表面校正方法能准确地校正镁合金激光-TIG复合热源焊接过程中电弧覆盖范围外的温度场,焊接温度场数值模拟可以比较准确预测并反映整体焊接温度场实际分布.     

YAG脉冲激光焊接AZ61镁合金薄板对接接头的组织与性能

采用YAG脉冲激光焊方法对AZ61镁合金薄板进行焊接．利用光学显微镜、x射线能谱分析仪等手段分析焊接接头的宏观形貌、显微组织和化学成分,并对焊接接头的显微硬度和拉伸强度进行了测试．结果表明,焊缝正面有轻微塌陷,反面成形良好．焊缝表面圆滑、连续、鱼鳞纹细密均匀,接头成形良好．母材为粗大的等轴晶,焊缝区的晶粒比母材细小．焊缝区的显微硬度比母材区域明显提高,焊接接头的抗拉强度与母材相当,约为250MPa,焊接接头具有良好的力学性能;焊缝表面由于Mg元素的大量蒸发使铝的含量升高,而焊缝表面zn元素含量很低．     

Laser welding of AZ61 magnesium-based alloys

Laser welding of AZ61 magnesium alloys was carried out using a CO2 laser welding experimental system. The welding properties of AZ61 sheets with different thickness were investigated. The effect of processing parameters including laser power, welding speed and protection gas flow was researched. The results show that laser power and welding speed have large effect on the weld width and joint dimensions. Protection gas flow has relatively slight effect on the weld width. The property test of three typical joints indicates that microhardness and tensile strength in weld zone are higher than that of AZ61 base metal, Joints with good appearance and excellent mechanical properties can be produced using CO2 laser welding method. The microstructure with small grains in weld zone is believed to be respoasible for the excellent mechanical properties of AZ61 joints.