基体碳对C/CF/Cu复合材料的影响

采用树脂碳化和碳气相沉积相结合的方法制备了碳／碳纤维（C／CF）先驱丝，用压力浸渗凝固成形方法制备了碳／碳纤维／铜（C／CF／Cu）复合材料，借助于扫描电镜下复合材料界面和相分布观察，以及显微硬度和滑动摩擦磨损测试，探讨了基体碳（树脂碳化碳和沉积碳）对C／CF／Cu复合材料成形、显微硬度及摩擦磨损的影响。结果表明，碳化和碳气相沉积处理的C／CF先驱丝相对致密，并阻碍铜液的压力浸渗成形，但该先驱丝硬度高于碳化处理的C／CF先驱丝。碳化和碳气相沉积处理的C／CF／Cu复合材料滑动摩擦磨损耐磨性高于纯铜，而且滑动摩擦因数也高于纯铜。证明C／CF／Cu复合材料是一种具有摩阻功能的复合材料。     

C/CF/Cu复合材料界面和抗拉强度研究

采用树脂碳化方法制备了碳/碳纤维(C/CF)先驱丝,用压力浸渗凝固成型方法制备了碳/碳纤维/铜(C/CF/Cu)复合材料,借助抗拉强度测试及扫描电镜下复合材料界面和相组成物分布观察,探讨了C、CF和Cu三组元复合界面特性以及碳纤维丝类型和C/CF先驱丝体积分数对C/CF/Cu复合材料抗拉强度的影响.结果表明,C/CF/Cu复合材料的微观界面是碳纤维单丝-树脂碳化碳-铜双复合界面,此界面属于无化学反应的弱复合界面,铜对C/CF先驱丝的机械锁紧力是提高界面强度和复合材料强度的关键因素.当凝固成型压力为28.5MPa时,1k碳纤维丝的C/CF先驱丝体积分数为25%和3k碳纤维丝的C/CF先驱丝体积分数为44.7%的复合材料的抗拉强度达到较高值,分别为595MPa和587MPa,均为纯铜抗拉强度的3倍以上.3k丝制成的一次C/CF先驱丝内碳纤维丝的数量较多,影响复合材料的界面强度,而选用1k碳纤维丝比较有利.     

摩阻和生物功能C/CF/Cu基复合材料的制备

采用压力浸渗凝固成型方法制备了树脂碳化碳／碳纤维／铜(C／CF／Cu)复合材料，借助于抗拉强度测试以及扫描电镜下复合界面、组成物分布和断口形貌观察，探讨了树脂碳化温度、C／CF先驱丝表面镀铜以及铜液浸渗凝固压力对C／CF／Cu基复合材料的影响。结果表明，随着真空碳化温度的提高，C／CF先驱丝的抗拉强度降低。600℃真空碳化处理可使C／CF先驱丝有较高的抗拉强度(1027MPa)，同时有利于先驱丝导电和表面镀铜。在C／CF先驱丝表面镀铜厚度为40～60μm，有助于制备界面结合良好和抗拉强度较高的C／CF／Cu基复合材料。随着铜液浸渗凝固压力的提高，C／CF／Cu基复合材料的抗拉强度升高，当压力为28．5MPa时，复合材料的界面结合良好，组成相分布均匀，抗拉强度达到595MPa，是纯铜的3倍以上。     

Ti对C/Cu复合材料界面润湿及浸渗组织的影响

采用含Ti的铜合金及无压反应浸渗工艺制备C／Cu复合材料,利用XRD,SEM和EDS等检测手段分析研究试样的显微组织,讨论浸渗过程中的界面反应。结果表明：在铜基体中加入强碳化物形成元素Ti,可提高铜及铜合金与碳的自发润湿性,使无压浸渗工艺制备C／Cu复合材料成为可能;复合材料中的主相为Cu、C和TiC,TiC以溶解析出的形式形成于碳纤维周围,合金中的Ti含量决定复合材料中TiC的含量,适量Tj可降低系统的润湿角并有利于浸渗进行,但Ti过量将对纤维造成损伤,使复合材料中碳纤维的体积分数下降。     

碳纤维预制体表面PyC/SiC复合涂层制备及其对C_f/Al复合材料性能的影响（英文）

为改善碳纤维与熔融铝合金间的润湿性、减小界面反应程度,采用化学气相沉积(CVD)法在碳纤维预制体表面沉积制备了Py C/Si C复合涂层,利用真空吸渗挤压浸渗工艺制备了Cf/Al复合材料。研究了沉积参数对碳纤维表面涂层的影响,并通过复合材料微观组织分析及材料机械性能测试来反映涂层对Cf/Al复合材料的浸渗质量和性能的影响规律。结果表明:沉积温度对涂层沉积速率影响较大,通过选择合适的沉积温度或者沉积时间,可在碳纤维表面得到厚度均匀的Py C/Si C复合涂层。碳纤维预制体表面涂层的存在可使其与基体合金润湿性良好、界面结合强度适中,形成合适的界面结合状态,有效提高浸渗质量和复合材料性能;并且当Py C涂层、Si C涂层厚度分别为0.068、0.257μm时,复合材料性能改善效果最佳。     

粉末冶金自润滑Cu/MoS_2复合材料的摩擦行为（英文）

研究MoS_2含量对纯铜的显微组织、密度、硬度和耐磨性能的影响。采用纯铜粉和MoS_2粉末,通过机械球磨和热压法,制备含0~10%(质量分数)MoS_2颗粒的铜基复合材料。在干滑动摩擦条件下,采用销-盘式磨损实验装置,测试材料的耐磨性能,固定滑动速率为0.2 m/s。硬度测试结果显示,MoS_2含量为2.5%的复合材料的硬度达到峰值。当载荷一定时,Cu/2.5MoS_2复合材料具有最低的摩擦因数和磨损量。当载荷从1 N增加到4 N,不同含量增强相复合材料的摩擦因数均减小,同时,磨损量增大。磨损表面和磨屑的SEM照片显示,Cu/MoS_2复合材料的磨损机理由纯铜的粘着磨损为主转变为磨粒磨损和剥层磨损相结合的机制。     

三维机织C／C复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用碳纤维织造了三维角联锁和三向正交2种不同三维机织物,首先采用化学气相渗透(CVI)使其致密,再采用液相树脂浸渍/碳化的补充增密技术,制备出粗糙层结构热解碳和树脂碳双元基体C/C复合材料;对该C/C复合材料进行摩擦磨损实验,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对三维机织物增强的C/C复合材料的摩擦面以及磨屑形貌进行观察,对其磨损机理进行分析.结果表明:三维角联锁C/C复合材料比三向正交C/C复合材料的摩擦因数低(分别为0.40和0.48),二者的摩擦性能均稳定,后者比前者磨损量小,说明Z向纤维束有利于提高摩擦因数并降低磨损量.     

镀铜碳纤维对Cu/C复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用天然石墨、短切碳纤维和电解铜粉为原料,通过化学镀的方法在石墨和碳纤维表面均匀镀覆了一层铜粉,采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)工艺制备出Cu/C复合材料,并研究碳纤维含量对其电阻率、密度、硬度和抗弯强度等物理性能的影响。在HT-1000型高温摩擦磨损试验机上测试其摩擦磨损性能,分析了磨损的表面形貌。结果表明:随着碳纤维含量的增加,复合材料的密度逐渐降低,电阻率变化不大,抗弯强度和硬度均有所提高。加入镀铜碳纤维后,有效降低了复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率,当碳纤维含量在1.5wt%时,复合材料的磨损率最低。碳纤维优异的力学性能增强了复合材料承载能力,减轻了复合材料的黏着磨损,同时碳纤维和石墨的镀铜层提高了碳和铜之间的结合力,有利于应力在碳和铜之间的转移。     

浸渍-碳化工艺对碳/碳复合材料力学性能的影响

采用碳纤维针刺整体毡作为增强体,硼酚醛树脂作为基体先驱体,用浸渍碳化的方法制备C/C复合材料.考察了在不同的浸渍压力和碳化温度下材料力学性能的差异.分析结果表明:不仅密度是影响碳/碳复合材料力学性能的重要因素,纤维和基体的结合状况以及基体碳的结构也是决定材料强度和断裂方式的重要因素.随着工艺参数的改变,碳/碳复合材料的断裂模式可以由“假塑性断裂”向“脆性断裂”转变.     

C/C-SiC陶瓷制动材料的研究现状与应用

通过分析合成材料、粉末冶金材料、C/C和C/C-SiC复合材料等摩擦材料的特点及其性能,指出C/C-SiC复合材料是一种能满足高速高能载制动的高性能陶瓷制动材料.综述了先驱体转化法、化学气相浸渗法和反应熔体浸渗法制备C/C-SiC复合材料的优点及其不足,指明了反应熔体浸渗工艺是一种具有市场竞争力的工业化生产技术.介绍了我国研制的C/C-SiC陶瓷制动材料的组织结构、力学性能、摩擦磨损性能及其应用,并对C/C-SiC陶瓷制动材料的性能特点进行了评述.     

Structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of TiOxNy/ZrOxNy multilayer coatings

Results on the deposition and characterization of TiO_xN_y/ZrO_xN_y multilayers, with bilayer periods of 20 and 400 nm, are presented. The coatings were deposited on TiNiNb alloy substrates by the pulsed magnetron sputtering method. The elemental composition, hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coatings were analyzed.As resulted from the XPS analysis, the individual layers consisted of a mixture of titanium or zirconium oxynitrides and corresponding oxides. X-ray analysis revealed that the coatings were amorphous. Only slight differences between the microhardness and adhesion values of the coatings with small and large bilayer period Λ were found. The experiments also showed that the multilayered coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the uncoated alloy and reduced the amount of ion release in artificial body fluids.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of superconductors Ba1−xKxBiO3 and double perovskites Ba1−xKxBi1−yNayO3

Superconductors Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ and body-centered double perovskites Ba_1−xK_xBi_1−yNa_yO₃ have been selectively synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. The appropriate ratio and adding sequence of initial reagents, alkalinity, reaction temperature and time are the critical factors that influence the crystal growth of the compounds. The purity and homogeneity of the crystals were detected by the ICP, SEM, EDX and TEM studies. Magnetic measurements show that the superconducting transition temperatures T_C of Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ decrease from 22 K (for x = 0.35) to 8 K (for x = 0.55) with increasing the K doping level.     

Li掺杂Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3高熵陶瓷的制备及介电性能研究

近年来,在高熵合金基础上发展起来的高熵陶瓷逐渐引起了研究者的广泛关注,其出现为开发高性能的无机非金属材料提供了新的设计思路。本文采用固相法制备了BaMO3基钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3 (x = 0, 2.3%, 5.3%, 8.3%, 11.3%),并研究了Li含量对高熵陶瓷物相结构、微观形貌及介电性能的影响。结果表明,Li含量对陶瓷结构的影响不大,陶瓷均保持立方钙钛矿结构,且无杂相产生;陶瓷的晶粒尺寸相对较均匀。当x = 0时,即B位七元等摩尔比Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li1/7)O3高熵陶瓷,其介电常数达到了最大值2920 (@100 Hz),相较于已报道的不掺Li的六元高熵钙钛矿陶瓷Ba(Ti1/6Sn1/6Zr1/6Hf1/6Nb1/6Ga1/6)O3提升了近50倍。     

生物医用NiTi形状记忆合金腐蚀研究进展

镍钛形状记忆合金(NiTi-SMA)具有较好的耐腐蚀和机械性能,在口腔和临床医学中有着大量而广泛的应用。NiTi-SMA腐蚀后释放Ni²⁺会引发细胞毒性和过敏反应,进一步提高NiTi-SMA的耐蚀性是目前生物医学材料领域发展的核心之一。本文对近年来国内外有关口腔医学和临床医学中常用NiTi-SMA的腐蚀研究现状进行了总结,同时也对NiTi-SMA增材制造及表面改性技术进行了评述,以期为开发高性能抗腐蚀生物医用NiTi-SMA提供一定的指导意义。     

MOCVD growth and characterizations of BxAl1−xAs and BxAl1−x−yInyAs alloys

Zinc-blende B_xAl_1−xAs and B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs alloys have been grown on exactly oriented (0 0 1)GaAs substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). The influence of susceptor coating, growth temperature and gas-phase boron mole fraction on boron incorporation into AlAs has been comprehensively investigated. It has been found that boron incorporation into AlAs could be enhanced and the optimal growth temperature range of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys changed from 580 °C to 610 °C when SiC-coated graphite susceptors were replaced by the non-coated ones. In this study, the maximum boron composition x of 2.8% was achieved for the pseudomorphically strained B_xAl_1−xAs alloys. AFM measurements show that RMS roughness of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys increased sharply with the increase of gas-phase boron mole fraction. Raman spectra of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys show a linear increase of the BAs shift with boron composition x. Based on BAlAs deposition, bulk B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs (x = 1.9%) quaternary alloy was grown lattice-matched to GaAs successfully. Moreover, 10-period BAlAs/GaAs and BAlInAs/GaAs MQW heterostructures were also demonstrated.     

Magnetic phase diagrams of the TbRh2−xPdxPdxSi2 and TbRu2−xPdxSi2 systems

The a.c. susceptibility and high field magnetization on TbRh_2−xPd_xPd_xSi₂ and TbRu_2−xPd_xSi₂ compounds were investigated up to 140 kOe. The (T,x) magnetic phase diagrams were determined. For both systems, an increase in the Pd content causes a decrease in the Néel temperature and changes the magnetization curves.     

High strength and good ductility of casting Al-Cu alloy modified by PrxOy and LaxOy

A modified Al-Cu alloy with high tensile strength and ductility of about 574.0 MPa and 10.4%, respectively, was obtained by adding multiple rare earth oxides (Pr_xO_y and La_xO_y) as modifier. Compared with the unmodified Al-Cu alloy, the tensile strength and ductility of the modified sample were increased by 24.3% and 42.5%, respectively. The improvement both in the strength and ductility may attribute to the finer crystal grains and dendrites, more homogeneously distributed θ′ phase precipitates and the intermetallic compounds formed at the crystal grain boundaries as well as in the space of the dendrites.     

Si3N4/Ti/Cu/Ni/Cu/Ti/Si3N4二次部分瞬间液相连接强度

采用Ti/Cu／Ni中间层对Si3N4陶瓷进行二次部分瞬间液相(PTLP)连接，研究连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni连接强度的影响，同时研究了连接强度随试验温度的变化规律。结果表明，在该试验条件下，室温连接强度随着二次连接温度的提高和二次保温时间的延长而提高，改变连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni二次PTLP连接界面反应层厚度无明显影响；连接强度在试验温度400℃时达到最大，随后随试验温度升高，连接强度降低，但在800℃前，其高温强度具有很好的稳定性。     

Physical properties of Mo6−xRuxTe8 and Mo6Te8−xSx

A series of the Chevrel phases, Mo_6−xRu_xTe₈ and Mo₆Te_8−xS_x (x=0, 1, 2), has been prepared and the various physical properties, such as the elastic modulus, Debye temperature, and electrical resistivity, have been evaluated. The relationships between several properties of the compounds have also been studied. Young’s modulus and Debye temperature of Mo_6−xRu_xTe₈ and Mo₆Te_8−xS_x increase with increasing x value. The relationship between the Vickers hardness and Young’s modulus shows ceramic characteristics for Mo_6−xRu_xTe₈, while they show glass-like characteristics for Mo₆Te_8−xS_x. The electrical resistivities of Mo_6−xRu_xTe₈ and Mo₆Te_8−xS_x increase with increasing x value.