Rotating strength of forged TiAl alloys

In order to evaluate the rotating strength of TiAl alloys, mechanical and rotating burst testing were conducted on wrought TiAl having various microstructures. The rotating burst strength of the nearly lamellar (NL) structure was greater than near gamma (NG) or fully lamellar (FL) structures. The mechanical properties which have an affect on the rotating strength were yield strength and elongation, and only a slight amount of elongation allows the rotating burst characteristics of TiAl alloys to change from ceramic-like maximum stress dependency to metal-like mean stress dependency. It was estimated that forged NL–TiAl has greater rotating strength above 1000 K than superalloys in current use.     

Microstructure and properties of a beta-solidifying TiAl-based alloy with different refiners

This study systematically compared the influences of yttrium(Y),boron(B),and carbon(C) on the microstructural refinement and properties of a Ti-43Al-5Nb alloy.The microstructural refinement effect in the TiAl alloy closely depends on the refiner used.The refinement effects of the three elements on colony size and lamellar thickness can be arranged as B Y C and Y C B,respectively.Moreover,a microstructure with a small grain size and ultra-fine lamellar spacing can be obtained by adding B and Y or B and C.The mechanical properties of TiAl alloy are also influenced by the refiners.TiAl alloys with proper B and Y contents exhibit favorable hot workability,tensile properties,and fracture toughness,whereas the C-containing alloy displays poor tensile properties and low fracture toughness.These results indicate that Y and B are more suitable microstructure refiners than C.This study may serve as a reference for practical alloying design.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl castings produced by zirconia ceramic mould

Owing to their low density and attractive high-temperature properties, gamma titanium aluminide alloys (TiAl alloys, hereafter) have significant potential application in the aerospace and automobile industries, in which these materials may replace the heavier nickel-based superalloys at service temperatures of 600-900℃. Investment casting of TiAl alloys has become the most promising cost-effective technique for the manufacturing of TiAl components. Ceramic moulds are fundamental to fabricating the TiAl casting components. In the present work, ceramic mould with a zirconia primary coat was designed and fabricated successfully. Investment casting of TiAl blades and tensile test of specimens was carried out to verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method. The tensile test results indicate that, at room temperature, the tensile strength and the elongation are about 450 MPa and 0.8%, respectively. At 700℃, the tensile strength decreases to about 410 MPa and the elongation increases to 2.7%. Microstructure and mechanical properties of investment cast TiAl alloy are discussed.     

Strength and ductility in TiAl alloys

Tensile behavior of two-phase TiAl alloys at room temperature (RT) is analyzed for duplex and lamellar microstructural forms. The Hall-Petch relationship with high constants in fully-lamellar material is explained as a combined function of grain-size and deformation-anisotropy. The low ductility and its inverse relationship with grain size are explained using the anisotropic tensile properties of lamellar structures and assuming that the fracture is controlled by the crack nucleation process involving the pile-ups of dislocations under shear stress. The crack initiation toughness and associated strains near the crack tip are used to explain the inverse relationship between ductility and toughness.     

Effect of microstructure on mechanical properties for A356 casting alloy

Abstract

A quantitative study of the relationship between microstructural features such as secondary dendrite arm spacing (DAS), eutectic structure and mechanical behaviours of A356 casting alloys has been conducted. In the condition of minimising casting defects, the influence of microstructural features on the mechanical performance becomes more pronounced. Depending on the cooling rate affecting the primary and eutectic microstructure, the tensile properties were changed upon experimental conditions, i.e. both of tensile strength and elongation were increased with decreasing DAS, also the results were the same at high temperatures. The increase in both of room temperature high cycle fatigue and high temperature low cycle fatigue lives with decreasing DAS was observed, mainly due to homogeneous deformation owing to the fine size of eutectic silicon and Fe intermetallic particles. The observation of fracture surfaces was conducted to find the effect of microstructure on mechanical properties by a scanning electron microscope.     

铸态和挤压变形态Mg-Zn-Al-Re镁合金的室温和高温力学性能

采用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析、拉伸力学性能测试等手段比较分析了铸态和挤压变形态Mg-7Zn-3Al-0～0.7Re(质量分数,%)镁合金的室温和高温力学性能,探讨了稀土和变形加工对合金强度和塑性的影响规律。结果表明,适量稀土Er可以显著提高铸态Mg-Zn-Al合金的高温塑性,而稀土含量对合金室温力学性能和高温屈服强度影响不明显;挤压变形过程中动态弥散析出纳米级的球形析出相,显著提高Mg-Zn-Al-Er合金的高温力学性能,其200℃下的屈服强度和延伸率分别较铸态提高了105%和120%,断口显示其断裂方式呈明显的韧性断裂特征。     

Ti-Al基合金中的Hall-Petch关系及影响因素分析

研究了全层片状组织Ti-Al基合金的室温拉伸性能与品团尺寸的关系。Ti-Al基合金的室温拉伸屈服强度和断裂强度与晶团尺寸成Hall-Petch关系。当合金中添加替代元素Cr和Nb时，其Hall-Petch斜率不变；而添加间隙元素C和B时，其Hall-Petch斜率增加。Ti-Al基合金的室温延伸率与晶团尺寸不满足Hall-Petch关系。     

C含量对铸造TiAl合金组织和力学性能的影响

在Ti-47.5Al-3.7(Cr,V,Zr)合金中添加0.05%~0.2%C(原子分数,下同),采用冷坩埚悬浮熔炼方法制备出了层片组织TiAl合金铸棒,通过组织观察、室温拉伸和蠕变性能测试研究了C含量对TiAl合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加0.05%~0.2%C后,合金仍可获得择优取向层片组织。随C含量增加α2层片体积分数略有增加,层片间距呈细化趋势。当C含量超过0.1%时,在α2和γ层片内和层片界面上有细小的Ti2AlC型碳化物析出,碳化物析出相的尺寸和数量随C含量增加有所增加。添加0.05%~0.2%C后提高了合金室温的抗拉强度和屈服强度,且随C含量增加提升幅度逐渐增大,当C含量为0.2%时,分别将抗拉强度和屈服强度提升了101和123 MPa。添加C元素后显著改善了合金的蠕变性能,当C含量为0.1%时蠕变性能最佳,与不含C的合金相比,其塑性蠕变应变降低了一半、相同应变时的蠕变速率降低了1个数量级以上。添加0.1%C提升合金蠕变抗力的机制主要是通过抑制合金在蠕变初期的位错萌生和增殖过程;在γ层片中形成割阶和位错碎片阻碍位错继续运动,使得合金在蠕变第一阶段的应变硬化程度迅速增加;此外,析出的Ti2AlC型碳化物进一步强化层片界面和基体,与层片间距细化共同提高了穿层片滑移位错的运动阻力。     

粉末冶金TiAl基合金显微组织及力学性能的研究

采用粉末冶金方法制备多种成分的ＴｉＡｌ基合金,并研究其显微组织及室温、高温力学性能,结果表明,采用粉末冶金方法能制备成分均匀、显微组织细小的Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｃｒ－Ｎｂ系列合金。添加合金元素对粉末冶金ＴｉＡｌ基合金的显微组织具有显著影响。粉末冶金ＴｉＡｌ基合金的力学性能与其显微组织有密切的关系,显微组织越细小,其室温强度及延性越高,但在高温下,其屈服强度随晶粒尺寸增加而增加。所制备出的Ｔｉ－４７Ａｌ－３     

The effect of Ruthenium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl alloys

The high temperature compression behavior of TiAl–Ru alloys was studied at different temperatures and strain rates. Ru was found to have a strong strengthening effect on TiAl alloys. However the Ru addition amount was limited by its low solubility in γ-TiAl and α₂-Ti₃Al, and the detrimental effect of excessive ternary phase precipitation. Furthermore, the melting temperature decreases when Ru ≥0.6 at.% as the alloy composition approaches a ternary eutectic point. The strengthening mechanism is discussed and two separate mechanisms are proposed, viz. solid solution strengthening and refined colony strengthening. Intergranular cracks were found in the alloys with low Ru or no Ru addition, but were barely detected as Ru content increased to above 0.6 at.%. It was suggested that Ru showed a beneficial effect on both strength and ductility of TiAl alloys due to the refined colony size. Three-point bend test results showed that the Ru addition can also improve the room temperature ductility of TiAl alloys. Hot workability was increased according to the compression tests. Thermal-mechanically treated TiAl–Ru had much smaller grain size than the heat-treated samples due to dynamic recrystallization. But it did not show superior strength in the compression test compared to the heat-treated samples. The Zener–Hollomon parameter was calculated from the compression strength of heat-treated TiAl–Ru alloys. Its relationship with dynamic recrystallization and hot work is discussed. The mechanical properties of TiAl–Ru alloys are compared with TiAl–Nb samples and demonstrate a promising combination of strength and ductility.