PREP法制备Ti-60Ta合金粉末及其性能

利用等离子旋转电极雾化技术制备出球形Ti-60Ta合金粉末,利用SEM、XRD和维氏显微硬度测试仪等分析手段对不同粒径的Ti-60Ta合金粉末表面形貌及内部的显微组织、相组成、树枝晶间距和维氏显微硬度进行了表征。结果表明,制备的Ti-60Ta合金粉末以β相为主,细粒径粉末还有少量马氏体α"相和ω相;大颗粒粉末的表面呈近似等轴花瓣状的树枝晶组织,小颗粒粉末表面枝晶组织则明显细化,并观察到细针状马氏体;随着粉末粒度减小,马氏体相增多,维氏显微硬度逐渐增大。     

Ti-60Ta合金快速凝固过程中的相变研究

本文采用真空自耗电弧熔炼和热锻技术制备出Ti-60Ta合金棒，用PREP制粉技术制备出其球形粉末，并对棒材取块样进行高温淬火处理。利用SEM、XRD、TEM、DSC等分析手段对Ti-60Ta合金在快速凝固过程中的相变行为进行了研究。结果表明，Ti-60Ta原始块样和Ti-60Ta合金粉末主要以bcc结构的β相为主；随着粉末粒径减小，快速凝固过程中冷却速率增高，α"马氏体相逐渐增多，β相逐渐减少；原始块样经过1000℃/60min保温、淬火处理，生成了少量α"马氏体相；TEM图像和电子衍射斑点分析表明，在冷却速率更高的Ti-60Ta合金粉末中观察到板条状α "马氏体，宽度大约为50纳米，α"马氏体相优先生成于晶界处。     

机械合金化与放电等离子烧结制备Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金

采用双步球磨法和放电等离子烧结技术制备细晶Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)(摩尔分数,%)合金,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等对球磨后的粉末形貌、相组成以及烧结块体的显微组织结构进行观察和分析,研究烧结温度对Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:双步球磨粉末的颗粒形状较规则,其颗粒尺寸为10～40 μm,内部结构较均匀,主要由TiAl和Ti3Al相组成;放电等离子烧结后的块体主要由主相TiAl、少量的Ti3Al相及Ti2Al和TiB2相组成;当烧结温度为1 000 ℃时,烧结块体主要为等轴晶组织,等轴晶粒平均尺小于500 nm;当烧结温度为1 100 ℃时,烧结块体致密、无孔洞,部分等轴晶粒明显长大;随着烧结温度的升高,Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金的显微硬度随之增大,抗压强度和抗弯强度却随之降低;压缩断口形貌分析表明:Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金在1 000 ℃时,属于沿晶断裂,在1 100 ℃时,断口以沿晶断裂为主,存在部分解理断裂.弯曲断口形貌分析表明:Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金以沿晶断裂为主,存在部分解理断裂.     

TC4合金表面熔覆石墨烯增强钛基复合涂层的组织及性能

目的 通过氩弧熔覆技术在TC4合金表面制备石墨烯增强钛基复合涂层,以改善其耐磨性能.方法 将钛粉和石墨烯在球磨机中充分混合.将混合后的粉末涂覆于TC4合金表面,采用氩弧熔覆技术将预涂覆粉末熔化,制备出陶瓷颗粒增强钛基熔覆层.采用X射线衍射分析仪分析涂层的物相,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜分析熔覆层中颗粒相的组成及分布.采用显微维氏硬度仪和摩擦磨损试验机,测试熔覆层的显微硬度和磨损性能.结果 熔覆层厚度可达1 mm,且表面及横截面没有气孔、裂纹等缺陷产生,物相主要包括TiC和 α-Ti.熔覆层中不同区域的组织存在差别,涂层的中上部组织主要为树枝晶,底部组织中树枝晶逐渐减少.熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合,组织致密.增强相TiC以颗粒状和花瓣状形式存在.石墨烯增强钛基复合涂层的显微硬度高达845.4HV.在相同磨损条件下,TC4合金基体与熔覆层的磨损量分别是0.153 g和0.0123 g,熔覆层的磨损量明显降低.涂层的磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损.结论 与TC4合金基体对比,熔覆层的显微硬度提高约2.5倍,耐磨性提高12倍.氩弧熔覆原位自生TiC陶瓷颗粒增强钛基熔覆层可显著提高TC4合金表面的耐磨性.     

TiB_2对Ni60激光熔覆层组织与显微硬度的影响

为了提高工程部件的表面性能,以Ni60合金粉末和TiB_2陶瓷颗粒为熔敷材料,采用激光熔覆技术在Q550钢基体表面制备复合熔覆层。分析单一Ni60合金粉末及不同质量分数的TiB_2与Ni60混合粉末对熔覆层组织及显微硬度的影响。研究表明,熔覆层内未发现裂纹、气孔等缺陷,在熔覆层与热影响区的界面有一条明显的白亮带,冶金结合良好。混合粉末制备的熔覆层结晶形态从结合区到表层依次为平面晶、胞状晶或树枝晶及等轴晶。随着TiB_2质量分数的增加,由树枝晶主干向横向伸出的细密二次轴数量增多,熔覆层组织细化。熔覆粉末为Ni60+5%TiB_2时制备的熔敷层显微硬度值最高达644HV0.2,比基材(约220HV0.2)提高了近3倍;TiB_2含量增至25%时,熔覆层内由于TiB_2硬质相过多,发生聚集现象,不利于表面强化。     

等离子束送丝熔覆对50Mn2钢表面熔覆层质量的影响

利用等离子束送丝熔覆技术在50Mn2合金结构钢表面制备耐磨熔覆层,研究主弧电流和扫描速度等工艺参数对熔覆层宏观形貌、显微组织及显微硬度影响。研究表明:主弧电流和扫描速度是影响熔覆层质量主要因素。随主弧电流增大,熔覆层焊道更连续且熔宽增大、余高先减后增,熔覆层中部组织形貌由胞状晶向树枝晶和等轴晶转变,组织以马氏体和铁铬碳共晶化合物为主,显微硬度较基体提高2~3倍;扫描速度越高,熔覆层焊道越不连续且易出现凹陷,熔宽和余高减小,显微组织形貌由胞状晶向树枝晶转变,其相组织仍以马氏体和铁铬碳共晶化合物为主,显微硬度随着扫描速度增大而增大,比基体硬度有很大提高。     

不同SPS烧结温度Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金的显微组织及力学性能(英文)

采用高能球磨和放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术,制备成分为Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)的TiAl合金块体,随后对TiAl合金进行热处理。研究在不同SPS烧结温度下制备的TiAl合金经过热处理后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:高能球磨后的合金粉末形状不规则,粉末颗粒尺寸大约为几十微米。XRD分析表明,机械球磨后的粉末由TiAl和Ti3Al两相组成;烧结后的Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金块体主要是TiAl相,以及少量的Ti3Al和TiB2相。当烧结温度为900°C和1000°C时,合金的显微组织为双相结构,并伴随有一些细小的等轴γ晶粒和细小的针状TiB2相。当烧结温度从900°C上升到1000°C时,Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金的显微硬度变化不大,抗压强度从1812MPa提高到2275MPa,压缩率从22.66%增加到25.59%,合金的断裂方式为穿晶断裂。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆TiN-Ni基合金复合涂层的组织和磨损性能

以TiN和NiCrBSi合金混合粉末为原料，采用激光熔覆技术在TC4合金表面制备出TiN颗粒增强Ni基合金涂层。利用XRD，SEM和TEM等分析了激光熔覆层的相组成及微观组织，并测试了激光熔覆层的显微硬度和磨损性能。结果表明，激光熔覆层由熔覆区和稀释区2个区域组成，熔覆区的组织是在γ-Ni树枝晶和γ-Ni＋Ni3B层片状共晶的基体上均匀地分布着TiN颗粒和针状尬3C6相，显微硬度在9000MPa-12000MPa之间.稀释区为基底TC4合金和熔覆材料Ni基合金的混合凝固区，呈胞状晶和树枝晶形态。激光熔覆层中存在颗粒强化、细晶强化和固溶强化等多种强化作用，大幅度地提高了TC4合金的耐磨性能。     

等离子堆焊铌元素增强镍基合金堆焊层的组织与性能

利用等离子堆焊技术在304L钢板表面制备了添加Nb粉的Ni40合金堆焊层,并对堆焊层的微观组织、显微硬度和耐磨性进行研究。结果表明,堆焊层组织主要由γ-Ni树枝晶、枝晶间的共晶组织、弥散分布的Nb C颗粒、硼化物和碳化物等相组成。由于增强相Nb C颗粒在堆焊层中均匀分布,使Nb/Ni40复合合金堆焊层与纯Ni40合金堆焊层相比,显微硬度提高约40%(平均达到448 HV0.3),耐磨性也提高约37.5%。     

时效对激光熔覆FeCoCrNiB_(0.5)高熵合金激光涂层组织和硬度的影响

采用激光熔覆方法在Q235钢上制备FeCoCrNiB0.5高熵合金涂层,利用XRD、SEM以及显微维氏硬度计等,研究时效温度对涂层的显微组织、相结构及硬度的影响。结果表明,涂层由FCC结构固溶体和M2B两相构成,并且相结构具有很好的高温稳定性。涂层经过800℃和900℃时效后,枝晶内有大量的颗粒状M2B相脱溶物析出;而1000℃时效后,枝晶间的M2B相显著粗化,涂层中树枝晶组织消失。FeCoCrNiB0.5高熵合金涂层的硬度为447 HV0.2,且涂层硬度随时效温度升高而逐渐降低。     

RHEOLOGY FEATURE OF SIMPLE METAL MELT

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

LASER CLADDED TiCN COATINGS ON THE SURFACE OF TITANIUM

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF PULSE ELECTRODEPOSITED RE-Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATINGS

The effects of pulse frequency f and duty cycle r on the deposition rate, composition, morphology, and hardness of pulse electrodeposited RE （rare earth）-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings have been studied. The results indicate that pulse current can improve the deposition rate of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings; W, P, and SiC contents in the coating decrease with the increase of pulse frequency and reach the lowest value at f = 33Hz, whereas the RE content in the composite coatings increases with the increase of pulse frequency. SiC content decreases with the increase of duty cycle, W content reaches the lowest value, and P content reaches the highest value at r = 0.4; pulse current and RE can lead to smaller size of the crystalline grains; however, the effects of different pulse frequency and duty cycle on the morphologies of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings are not obvious. The hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings is the highest when the duty cycle is at 0.6 and 0.8 and pulse frequency is at 50Hz. At the same pulse frequency, the hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings at r= 0.8 is higher than that at r= 0.6.     

GROWTH MORPHOLOGIES OF A BINARY ALLOY WITH LOW ANISOTROPY IN DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION

Two new classes of growth morphologies, called doublons and seaweed, were simulated using a phase-field method. The evolution of doublon and seaweed morphologies was obtained in directional solidification. The influence of orientation and velocity on the growth morphology was investigated. It was indicated that doublons preferred growing with its crystallographic axis aligned with the heat flow direction. Seaweed, on the other hand, could be obtained by tilting the crystalline axis to 45°. Stable doublons could only exist in a range of velocity regime. Beyond this regime the patterns formed would be unstable. The simulation results agreed with the reported experimental results qualitatively.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.