桐油酸咪唑啉季铵盐的缓蚀性能

以桐油为原料合成了桐油酸,使之先后与二乙烯三胺和氯化苄反应,制备了桐油酸咪唑啉苄基氯季铵盐,对其结构进行了红外表征。利用失重法和动电位极化曲线考察了合成的季铵盐在盐酸溶液中对N80钢的缓蚀性能。结果表明,桐油酸咪唑啉季铵盐能有效抑制N80钢在盐酸介质中的腐蚀;随着缓蚀剂浓度的增大,缓蚀效率增加;随着温度升高,腐蚀速率增大,缓蚀效率减小;随着盐酸浓度的增大,N80钢的腐蚀速率增大,缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率变化不明显;该缓蚀剂为阴极抑制为主的混合型缓蚀剂。     

一种新型高温酸化缓蚀剂的制备及性能评价

目的改善缓蚀剂在高温酸液中的缓蚀性能,满足油田高温井酸化施工的要求。方法在合成一种新型吡啶季铵盐的基础上,添加炔醇、碘化钾等助剂进行复配,得到一种新型高温酸化缓蚀剂HTCI-1。使用HK-1高温高压动态腐蚀仪对其缓蚀性能进行测试,通过电化学测试、SEM、EDS等实验对其缓蚀机理进行分析。结果该酸化缓蚀剂在160℃、16 MPa、20%HCl或者土酸(12%HCl+3%HF)、质量分数3.0%的条件下,使N80试片的腐蚀速率分别为24.53 g/(m~2·h)和23.72 g/(m~2·h),达到了SY/T 5405—1996中的一级指标。结论在高温酸液中,N80钢片腐蚀速率降低,主要是由于缓蚀剂分子吸附到碳钢表面形成了一层致密的疏水性吸附膜,从而降低了侵蚀性离子与钢铁表面接触的几率,腐蚀电极反应过程受到抑制,达到了高温条件下防护金属的目的。     

含氟高温酸化缓蚀剂的制备及性能研究

目的制备并评测一种能耐高温的油田用酸化缓蚀剂。方法用氟碳咪唑啉季铵盐为主剂制备高温酸化缓蚀剂。在模拟高温酸化条件下,通过失重法、电化学法评测缓蚀剂对N80钢的缓蚀性能。通过热重差热法和表面张力法评测主剂氟碳咪唑啉季铵盐的热稳定性和化学稳定性。结果通过失重法评测,在添加缓蚀剂后,N80钢试片的腐蚀速率远低于行业标准SYT 5405—1996中对缓蚀剂评价的一级指标。通过电化学法评测,添加缓蚀剂后,极化曲线中电极腐蚀电位正移,腐蚀电流减小趋势明显;阻抗图谱中容抗弧的半圆直径显著增大,对应的膜电阻Rp显著增大,抑制了腐蚀反应的电荷传递过程。两者均显示缓蚀剂在盐酸溶液中有良好的缓蚀性能,与失重法试验结果一致。热重差热显示,氟碳咪唑啉季铵盐在220℃开始分解,至400℃基本分解完毕。表面张力评测显示,氟碳咪唑啉季铵盐在10%~25%(质量分数)盐酸溶液中10 h之内的表面活性稳定。结论该含氟高温酸化缓蚀剂在90~140℃下,可使酸化过程中盐酸对N80钢的腐蚀速率明显降低。     

高温高压H2S/CO2环境缓蚀剂分子结构与缓蚀性能关系的研究

用静态和动态腐蚀失重法研究喹啉季铵盐、吡啶季铵盐、曼尼希碱和咪唑啉季铵盐四种不同主体类型缓蚀剂在高温高压H₂S/CO₂环境中N80钢的缓蚀性能,并结合扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）表面分析技术研究了不同缓蚀剂主体分子结构与缓蚀性能的关系。结果表明,四类缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率的大小顺序是：喹啉季铵盐>吡啶季铵盐>曼尼希碱>咪唑啉季铵盐。喹啉季铵盐与其他三种缓蚀剂主体分子结构相比具有更好的抗硫性能,其对N80钢具有良好的吸附性能,可形成抗腐蚀性介质渗透能力强的致密均匀和稳定不易分解的有机膜。其缓蚀剂用量为0.15%时,缓蚀率可达97%。     

曼尼希碱缓蚀剂在盐酸中对N80钢缓蚀性能

目的制备一种新型曼尼希碱缓蚀剂并研究其性能。方法利用失重法研究缓蚀剂缓蚀效率与缓蚀剂的质量浓度、盐酸质量分数、腐蚀温度、腐蚀时间的关系,确定缓蚀剂的吸附曲线。通过动电位极化曲线法和交流阻抗法研究缓蚀剂的综合性质。利用扫描电镜观察腐蚀前后N80钢片的表面形态。结果缓蚀剂缓蚀效率随缓蚀剂添加量的增大而增大,随测试温度的升高而下降,随盐酸质量分数的升高先增大后减小,随腐蚀时间的延长先增大后减小。60℃时,在质量分数为15%盐酸中浸入4 h、缓蚀剂添加量在1.0 g/L的条件下,缓蚀剂缓蚀效率为99.18%,腐蚀反应的活化能由56.34 k J/mol提高到了86.54 k J/mol。缓蚀剂在N80钢表面符合Langmiur吸附模型,吸附吉布斯自由能为-29.94 k J/mol。极化实验结果显示该缓蚀剂为以阴极抑制为主的混合型缓蚀剂。阻抗谱图显示添加缓蚀剂后,阻抗明显增大。扫描电镜结果显示缓蚀剂有效抑制了盐酸对N80钢片的腐蚀。结论所制备的缓蚀剂在质量分数为15%的盐酸中对N80钢片有良好的缓蚀效果。     

油田酸化液中咪唑啉及其季铵盐的缓蚀作用

采用静态挂片法对合成的两种咪唑啉及其季铵盐的缓蚀性能进行了研究,结果表明,环烷基咪唑啉(NI)、月桂酸咪唑啉(YUC)在60℃15%盐酸、9%的土酸中对N80钢有较好的缓蚀效果;随着咪唑啉季铵盐(NIAS)与硫脲基咪唑啉季铵盐(SUDEI)加量的增大,缓蚀率增大;随盐酸或土酸浓度增加,缓蚀率降低;NIAS的缓蚀效率随温度的升高显著下降,而SUDEI的缓蚀效率受温度影响不显著。NIAS、SUDEI对A3钢的缓蚀效果比对N80钢的缓蚀效果好。在酸性介质中,SUDEI对N80钢的缓蚀效果优于NIAS,在60℃9%土酸中,SUDEI加量为0.1%时,对N80的缓蚀率达到98.50%,腐蚀速率为1.39g/m~2·h,能满足中国石油天然气行业标准要求,而NIAS则不能。     

乌洛托品季铵盐缓蚀剂的合成与复配研究

以乌洛托品、溴己烷为主要原料,甲醇为溶剂,合成了一种乌洛托品季铵盐缓蚀剂,采用失重法研究了季铵盐缓蚀剂在15%(质量分数) HCl溶液中的缓蚀性能及复配性能,并采用量子化学计算对缓蚀剂机理进行分析,通过红外光谱、SEM对腐蚀后表面进行分析。结果表明,季铵盐缓蚀剂具有良好的缓蚀性能,在15%HCl、90℃下,加量0.5%(质量分数)时,缓蚀率达98.41%,并且与聚乙二醇、KI、丙炔醇复配后协同增效效果较好;量子化学计算表明该季铵盐缓蚀剂分子活性主要分布在分子环上,与乌洛托品相比具有更小的能隙,在Fe表面也具有更大吸附能,因此乌洛托品季铵盐活性更高。表面分析实验进一步验证了该缓蚀剂分子在QT-800钢片表面形成一层吸附膜。     

Fe3+对双曼尼希碱(DM)缓蚀性能及吸附行为的影响

目的针对曼尼希碱类缓蚀剂使用工况恶劣、影响因素复杂的情况,以单曼尼希碱为中间体,合成双曼尼希碱缓蚀剂(DM)。方法采用失重法、电化学方法研究Fe~(3+)对DM缓蚀性能的影响,计算DM在N80钢片表面的吸附热力学与动力学,并探讨Fe~(3+)对DM吸附行为的影响。结果在60℃、腐蚀介质总体积250 mL、缓蚀剂(DM)质量分数1%、盐酸质量分数20%、浸泡时间4 h的条件下,当Fe~(3+)质量浓度小于900 mg/L时,其腐蚀速率小于4 g/(m~2·h),满足SY/T 5405—1996对盐酸酸化缓蚀剂一级品的评价指标;当Fe~(3+)质量浓度大于900 mg/L时,其腐蚀速率仍然小于5 g/(m~2·h),满足盐酸酸化缓蚀剂二级品的评价指标。在1%DM的缓蚀溶液中,ΔG_(ads)=-44.86 k J/mol,当溶液中存在Fe~(3+)时,ΔG_(ads)=-42.56 k J/mol,与未加Fe~(3+)的相比,ΔG_(ads)更趋向于-40 kJ/mol。N80钢在20%盐酸溶液中的Ea值为7.10 kJ/mol,加入1%DM和1%DM+600 mg/L Fe~(3+)时的Ea值分别为25.45、23.90 kJ/mol。加入1%DM时,ΔE_(corr)=50 mV;加入1%DM+600mg/L Fe~(3+)时,ΔE_(corr)=30 mV。结论 N80钢在60℃、20%HCl条件下,DM缓蚀效率高达99.8%,是一种混合型缓蚀剂。在N80钢表面的吸附为混合型吸附,且吸附过程是一个自发、放热的过程,吸附规律服从Langrauir吸附等温式。加入Fe~(3+)后,对DM缓蚀性能起抑制作用,Fe~(3+)并没有改变DM的缓蚀剂类型,且Fe~(3+)通过破坏DM在N80钢表面的化学吸附来降低其缓蚀效率。     

醇醚基双咪唑啉缓蚀剂的性能及机理研究

目的模拟CO_2强采工艺,研究醇醚基双咪唑啉缓蚀剂DIM-OE的缓蚀性能及机理,解决CO_2对整个注采及地面集输系统的低碳钢设备的腐蚀问题。方法采用傅里叶红外光谱仪对醇醚基双咪唑啉进行了分子结构表征,采用动态挂片法评价了DIM-OE在不同CO_2分压、不同温度、不同质量浓度下对N80的缓蚀性能,采用动电位极化曲线研究了DIM-OE的电化学机理,采用扫描电镜和EDS分析了N80腐蚀后的表面形貌和元素含量。结果随CO_2分压的增加,N80的腐蚀速率显著增大。N80的腐蚀速率随腐蚀介质温度的升高先是增大,后又明显下降。随着DIM-OE质量浓度的增加,腐蚀速率逐渐减小,缓蚀率逐渐增大,最终均趋于稳定,腐蚀速率最小为0.063 mm/a,缓蚀率均达到90%以上。DIM-OE为抑制阳极为主的混合型缓蚀剂,其分子在N80表面的吸附为单分子层吸附,是物理吸附和化学吸附的共同作用。未加DIM-OE的N80表面腐蚀产物中的C、O元素质量分数较高,Fe元素的质量分数较低,腐蚀严重;加有200mg/LDIM-OE的N80表面腐蚀产物中的C、O元素质量分数较低,Fe元素的质量分数较高,腐蚀较轻。结论在CO_2强采工艺条件下,DIM-OE缓蚀剂分子在N80表面可形成稳定的吸附层,有效地抑制CO_2对N80钢片的腐蚀,具有较好的缓蚀作用。     

一种复合型咪唑啉缓蚀剂

以油酸和二乙烯三胺为原料合成咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂后,在50℃、5%的盐酸溶液中用静态失重法对咪唑啉季铵盐与阴离子表面活性剂和无机阴离子进行研究,得到了一个与咪唑啉季铵盐有最佳复配效果的复配体,咪唑啉季铵盐与I-复配比为1∶1(质量比)时,缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果最佳。在不同时间和不同温度下对复合型缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率进行了测量。这种缓蚀剂对A3钢的缓蚀率达到99%以上,比单独用咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀效率提高了0.7%。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.