通过温度场数值模拟分析窄间隙埋弧焊过热区组织演化

多层多道焊时,后层焊道的热量会对前层焊道起到热处理的作用,使前层焊道的热影响区组织尤其是过热区组织发生转变,进而改变接头的力学性能.文中采用数值模拟技术,从温度场与组织转变对应关系的角度分析特定焊接工艺下的单丝、双丝窄间隙埋弧焊坡口侧壁过热粗晶区的组织演化过程.模拟结果表明,针对两种焊接形式,焊道厚度为4 mm时,单丝焊原过热区约有50%最终经历正火作用,双丝焊约有55%~60%.针对双丝焊前后焊丝的不同作用,改变焊接工艺,适当降低前丝焊接电流,可以获得更小的坡口侧壁过热粗晶区,并且后层焊道对前层焊道的热处理效果更好.     

基于ABAQUS的双丝埋弧堆焊层温度场模拟

利用ABAQUS软件的FORTRAN语言编写程序实现双丝埋弧焊温度场的有限元计算,从而建立了该温度场的有限元模型,研究移动热源载荷下,不同工艺参数对双丝埋弧焊层温度场分布的影响,并且进行堆焊试验验证。试验结果表明,随着焊接电流和电弧电压的增加,熔池的熔宽及熔深都有所增加;随着焊接速度的增加熔宽、熔深都有所减小。这一结果与仿真结果一致。     

双丝窄间隙焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响

通过工艺试验,研究了双丝共熔池窄间隙焊焊丝与侧壁间距、双丝前后间距和双丝倾角3个工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响.结果表明,焊丝与侧壁间距减小,侧壁熔深和表面下凹增加;沿焊接方向双丝倾角为零时,侧壁熔深和表面下凹达到最大值;而在电弧和熔池热量的共同作用下,双丝前后间距增大,侧壁熔深和表面下凹先增大,后减小,在5～10 mm内达到最大值.在不形成指状熔深时,这3个参数对焊缝熔深影响不大.采用I形坡口会出现底部未熔合,调节这3个参数不能消除未熔合现象.     

单电源双丝焊接应用及其工艺分析

介绍和分析了单电源双丝系统(DeepenTwin)构成、焊接应用价值、焊接工艺试验以及实际焊接应用.单电源双丝焊接系统由焊接电源、双丝送丝机以及双丝焊枪组成,系统简单,便于操作,既可用于手工焊也可用于专机和机器人的自动焊接.单电源双丝焊接系统能够实现单双丝的自由切换,既能进行单丝的打底焊接也能进行双丝大电流高熔覆率的焊接,最高熔覆效率较单丝焊接可提升50％.由于两根焊丝形成了较宽的单一电弧,电弧热量分布更均匀,焊缝不易咬边,并且不存在电弧干扰的问题,焊接飞溅低成形好,可获得比单丝焊接质量更高的焊缝,是一种新型的高速高效焊接解决方案.     

双丝埋弧焊在造船业的应用和探索

造船业采用高效的双丝埋弧焊法,在焊接线能量一定的条件下,针对性很强地匹配各焊接参数以获得符合规范要求的焊接接头,同时满足CCS有关焊接工艺认可要求,并适用于车间大生产。通过单、双丝焊接接头金相对比观察到熔池液体金属结晶角度方向产生很大变化,认为其原因在于焊接熔池的表面张力与温度为函数关系,熔池表面张力大小取决于熔池表面上的温度分布,而熔池表面张力是影响熔池内液体金属流动的主要驱动力,当大电压、小电流的后丝电弧叠加时的温度场形成新的热循环改变了整个熔池液体金属结晶角度方向,不同于单丝埋弧焊焊接电流熔深(熔深系数)和单丝熔池的观点。     

双丝埋弧焊工艺及焊接接头性能研究

采用双丝争单丝埋弧焊方法进行焊接试验,比较了双筮和单丝埋孤焊务件下焊丝金属的熔敷率,从焊接接头断面、接头金相组织以及接头力学性能等方面进行了分析.结果表明,采用双丝埋弧焊工艺使焊接效率提高,焊缝熔深增加、熔宽增大,热影响区金属的成分偏析现象减弱,接头性能满足技术要求,但焊缝区有时会产生魏氏组织,使焊缝区金属的冲击韧度降低.     

双丝串列电弧焊焊缝成形的试验分析

将旋转电弧传感器和双丝串列电弧焊结合起来,开发了旋转电弧引导的、两个电弧在同一个熔池上燃烧的双丝串列电弧焊方法,对其焊缝成形工艺进行了研究.分析了焊接电流、焊接电压、双丝间距、电弧旋转等参数对焊缝成形的影响.结果表明,随着焊接电流的增大,熔敷速度增加,焊缝成形系数呈现先增大后减少的变化规律.而焊接电压的增大则会使焊缝成形系数略有减小.对双丝间距的研究发现,当间距为15 mm时,焊接质量较好.与普通双丝串列焊相比,前置电弧旋转时熔池底部变得平坦,最大熔深有所减小,平均熔深有所增加,这将有助于减少焊缝的应力集中.与单丝旋转电弧焊相比,焊接熔敷速度显著增大,有效避免了高速焊接时的咬边现象.     

铝合金激光-多股绞合焊丝MIG复合焊特性分析

选用多股绞合焊丝替代传统焊丝,将激光热源与多股绞合焊丝MIG焊热源相匹配. 借助高速摄像系统,提取焊接过程中熔池和匙孔特征量,开展5A06铝合金激光-多股绞合焊丝MIG复合焊工艺特性研究,探讨了不同工艺参数下焊缝成形与熔池行为相关性及焊接气孔规律性研究. 结果表明,主要焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响规律与常规焊丝激光-电弧复合焊相一致,由于激光束的指向性,焊缝熔深受激光能量密度影响较大,因此焊缝熔深与激光功率呈正比,与焊接速度、离焦量的绝对值呈反比,焊接电流与光丝间距的影响不大;焊缝熔宽受电弧参数影响较大,且熔宽与熔池面积变化有一一对应关系,熔池面积变大,熔宽增加;余高与熔敷速度有关,因此焊接电流越大、焊接速度越小,余高越大.此外高能量密度激光热源的加入突出了多股绞合焊丝的自旋转特性的优势,特别是焊接电流在130 ~ 200 A范围内,随着焊接电流的增加,多股绞合焊丝的旋转频率增加,旋转特性带来的拓展焊缝宽度及对焊接气孔的抑制等优势更为明显.     

双丝共熔池窄间隙MAG焊方法的工艺研究

采用交替脉冲,对双丝共熔池窄间隙焊进行工艺试验,研究了焊接参数对焊缝成形和电弧稳定性的影响.结果表明:双丝共熔池窄间隙焊焊缝成形良好,大规范时也不会形成指状熔深;但只有在送丝速度大于10 m/min的大规范区间,才能够避免侧壁咬边,调节焊接速度并不能消除侧壁咬边.随着双丝与侧壁间距的缩小,焊接稳定性下降,为保证焊接过程的稳定,焊丝与侧壁的间距应该大于2.5 mm;随着双丝前后间距的加大,焊接稳定性下降,甚至发生断弧,双丝前后间距小于10 mm时,电弧稳定无飞溅.     

焊接电流对双丝间接电弧焊电弧特性的影响

主要研究了焊丝伸出长度对焊接电流、电弧电压以及焊接电流对双丝问接电弧气体保护焊电弧特性的影响。结果表明,随着焊丝伸出长度的增加,焊接电流减小;双丝间接电弧气体保护焊负极焊丝的熔化速度随着焊接电流的增加而明显增大,正极焊丝的熔化速度随焊接电流的增加而缓慢增大,两者均随着电弧电压的增加而减小;随着焊接电流的增大熔滴变细;双丝问接电弧气体保护焊有多种电弧形态。     

Influence of process variables on weld bead quality in two wire tandem submerged arc welding of HSLA steel

Two-wire tandem submerged arc welding process involves simultaneous depositions from two electrode wires with the leading wire usually connected to a DC power source and the trailing wire connected to a pulsed AC power source. The weld bead profile and mechanical properties in the tandem submerged welding are significantly affected by the leading and trailing wire current transients and the welding speed. We present here a detailed experimental study on the influence of leading wire current, trailing wire current pulses, and welding speed on the weld bead dimensions and mechanical properties in single-pass tandem submerged welding of a typical HSLA steel. It is realized that the weld bead penetration is primarily influenced by the leading wire current while the weld bead width and the reinforcement height are sensitive to the trailing wire current pulses. Greater magnitude of trailing wire current pulses and shorter negative pulse duration increase the weld pool volume leading to reduced cooling rate and poor mechanical properties as the formation of the strengthening phases like acicular ferrite is inhibited. In contrast, increase in welding speed reduces the rate of heat input thereby enhancing the cooling rate and the weld bead mechanical properties. A set of empirical relations are developed to estimate the weld bead dimensions and mechanical properties as function of the welding conditions. The predictions from the empirical relations and the corresponding measured results are observed to be in fair agreement.     

Arc heating hot wire assisted arc welding technique for low resistance welding wire

Abstract

An assistant arc was used to preheat the wire for hot wire tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding which was independent on the resistance of the welding wires and avoided the drawbacks of the traditional hot wire preheating method. The new method is suitable for low resistance wire such as copper and aluminium. The experimental results showed that the wire temperature varied linearly with preheating current and hyperbolically with wire feeding speed. The temperature of wires achieved 60% of their melting points when LF6, H90, HS201 and H08Mn2Si welding wires were used at a current less than 50 A. With arc assisted hot wire, the welding deposition efficiency of the HS201 wire was increased by 96% compared with the traditional TIG welding method, while its microstructure was similar to that of the cold wire welding.     

双丝CO2单面焊接机

介绍了双丝ＣＯ２单面焊接机的焊接技术。即用先行实芯焊丝和后行药芯焊丝双丝６００Ａ大电流,焊丝间隔为３００ｍｍ,在坡口内找上规定高度的粒叛变时丝,背面定衬的ＣＯ２自动单项焊接法。     

Effects of shielding gas composition on arc characteristics and droplet transfer in tandem narrow gap GMA welding

The effects of shielding gas composition in tandem narrow gap gas metal arc welding were studied. The shielding gas included argon, carbon dioxide and helium. The arc characteristics and droplet transfer process were analysed. The results show that in the same welding parameters, the trail wire welding current is higher than the lead wire welding current. With the increase of carbon dioxide content, the welding currents of two wires decrease, and the trail wire droplet transfer mode transforms from spray transfer to projected transfer. With the increase of helium content, the welding currents increase and the lead wire droplet transfer mode transforms from projected transfer to spray transfer. The weld width is the largest when the shielding gas mixture is 80%Ar10%CO₂10%He.     

稀土元素对新型Al-Mg合金焊接接头组织和性能的影响

研究了Sc,Zr元素对新型Al-Mg合金焊接接头组织和性能的影响。建立了MIG电弧二维数值分析模型,模拟出电弧温度场的分布情况,电弧最高温度超过20 000 K,且温度分布存在较大的温度梯度,说明高温电弧对合金有益元素有一定的烧损作用。采用合金元素不同的焊丝ER5356,ER5B06和ER5B71作为填充材料,对2 mm厚新型Al-Mg合金进行MIG焊接试验,研究高Mg焊丝添加不同稀土元素对焊接性能及组织的影响。结果表明,使用3种焊丝均可获得性能优良的焊接接头,使用ER5B06焊丝的接头力学性能得到一定提升,但焊缝晶粒细化效果不明显;使用复合添加Sc,Zr微量元素的ER5B71焊丝,接头晶粒能够有效细化,力学性能进一步得到提升。3种焊丝中,采用ER5B71焊丝的焊接接头强度最高,焊接系数为83%,焊接接头中起到细化晶粒作用的析出相以Al3(Sc,Zr)为主。同时,无论采用哪种焊丝,焊接热影响区未发生明细的晶粒粗化,说明在母材中加入一定的Sc,Zr微量元素,可提升合金材料抗软化能力,有效抑制热影响区再结晶行为。 创新点： 采用电弧物理数值模拟和进行试验结合的方法,进行研究论证,使研究内容充实,有理论深度,更具说服力;选择具有稀土元素的铝合金和焊丝作为研究对象,对新材料及焊材的研发具有一定指导意义。     

Angular distortion of fillet welded T joint using low transformation temperature welding wire

Abstract

A newly developed low transformation temperature welding wire, of which the transformation start temperature is lower than that of conventional welding wires, was applied to fabrication of fillet welded T joints. The welding angular distortion and the temperature profile of the weld metal were continuously measured during the welding process. The angular distortion of the fabricated T joint was reduced when the weld metal reached the martensitic transformation start temperature. The residual angular distortion was less with the low transformation temperature welding wire than that with the conventional welding wires. The welding distortion of T joints was calculated by a numerical simulation with consideration of the effect of phase transformation under weld thermal cycles. The welding distortion was reproduced with high accuracy in the numerical simulation. Results of the numerical simulation also determined that there was a direct correspondence between the transformation expansion of the weld metal and the angular distortion.     

高速三丝熔化极气保护焊接工艺

针对造船企业平面分段生产流水线纵骨双丝角焊接最大焊接速度小于1.0m/min的问题,研究开发了高速三丝熔化极气保护焊接新工艺,即三根焊丝分别为引导焊丝、中间焊丝和跟随焊丝纵向排列。每根焊丝各接一套送丝系统、焊接电源和保护气,构成独立的电弧-电源系统,其焊接工艺参数分别可调,以满足各种焊接要求。结果表明,当采取引导焊丝(DCEP)/中间焊丝(DCEN)/跟随焊丝(DCEP)或引导焊丝(DCEN)/中间焊丝(DCEP)/跟随焊丝(DCEN)的极性组合时,焊接过程稳定,焊缝外观表面光洁、左右对称、起渣容易、飞溅小、无气孔,满足船舶焊接的要求。通过选用合适的焊接电流、电压组合,可以使焊接速度达到1.8m/min,焊脚长度达5～8mm。此焊接新工艺可广泛用于角焊缝的高速焊接应用场合。