Recent advances in electrochemistry of sulfide mineral flotation

1　ＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＣＨＥＭＩＳＴＲＹＯＦＦＬＯＴＡＴＩＯＮＩｔｉｓｎｏｗｏｖｅｒ 4 0ｙｅａｒｓｓｉｎｃｅＮｉｘｏｎｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄａｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｔｏｅｘｐｌａｉｎｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｉｏｌｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｏｒｓｗｉｔｈｓｕｌｆｉｄｅｍｉｎｅｒａｌｓｕｒ ｆａｃｅｓａｎｄｐｒｏｖｉｄｅａｍｅａｎｓｏｆｒｅｃｏｎｃｉｌｉｎｇｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｔｈｅｏｒｉｅｓｔｈａｔｈａｄ ｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｌｙｂｅｅｎｒｅｓｏｌｕｔｅｌｙａｄ ｖ…     

Preliminary examination of electrochemical and spectroscopic features of trithiocarbonate collectors for sulfide mineral flotation

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅ 192 0’ｓ ,ｔｈｅｄｉｔｈｉｏｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｓ (ｘａｎ ｔｈａｔｅｓｏｒＤＴＣ)ｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｔｈｅｐｏｐｕｌａｒｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｏｒｓｏｆｃｈｏｉｃｅｆｏｒｓｕｌｆｉｄｅｍｉｎｅｒａｌｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎ .Ｔｈｅｙｈａｖｅｓｅｖｅｒａｌａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓｏｖｅｒｏｔｈｅｒｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｏｒｓｉｅｔｈｅｙａｒｅｉｎｅｘｐｅｎ ｓｉｖｅ ,ｅａｓｙｔｏｐｒｏｄｕｃｅ ,ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅｉｎｓｏｌｉｄｆｏｒｍ ,ｔｏｔａｌｌｙｗａｔｅｒ ｓｏｌｕｂｌｅａｎｄｖ…     

金属离子在矿物浮选中的典型作用

在矿物浮选中,金属离子可以通过选择性活化或抑制矿物表面,从而发挥重要的作用.尽管此前大量工作报道了金属离子在浮选中的作用,但大多仅是针对某一特定类型金属离子或目的矿物进行研究分析,缺乏一个全面的综述.本文对金属离子在矿物浮选中的影响因素进行详细分类,总结金属离子在不同种类矿物浮选中的作用机理.此外,还对常见探索作用机理...     

Original potential flotation technology for sulphide minerals

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＷｉｔｈｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｔｈｅｏ ｒｉｅｓ ,ａｍｏｄｅｌｃｏｍｂｉｎｉｎｇｍｉｘｅｄｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌａｌｏｎｇｗｉｔｈｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌａｄｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｓｕｌｐｈｉｄｅｍｉｎｅｒａｌｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎ ,ｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅｍｏｒｅｗｉｄｅｌｙａｃｃｅｐｔ ｅｄ[1～ 3] .Ｐｕｌｐｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｓａｒｅｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｓｕｌ ｆｉｄｅｍｉｎｅｒａｌｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎ .Ｉｎ…     

Mechanism of sodium sulfide on flotation of cyanide-depressed pyrite

The mechanism of sodium sulfide (Na₂S) on the flotation of cyanide-depressed pyrite using potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) as collector was investigated by flotation test and electrochemical measurements. The flotation results show that both PAX and Na₂S can promote the flotation recovery of cyanide-depressed pyrite and their combination can further improve the pyrite flotation recovery. Electrochemical measurements show that PAX and Na₂S interacted with cyanide-depressed pyrite through different mechanisms. PAX competed with cyanide and was adsorbed on the pyrite surface in the form of dixanthogen, thus enhancing the hydrophobicity and flotation of cyanide-depressed pyrite. Unlike PAX, Na₂S rendered the pyrite surface hydrophobic through the reduction of ferricyanide species and the formation of elemental sulfur S⁰ and polysulfide. The combined application of PAX and Na₂S induced superior pyrite flotation recovery because of a synergistic effect between PAX and Na₂S.     

酸性体系中蛇纹石矿泥的抑制及其对硫化铜镍矿浮选的影响

为了消除硫化铜镍矿物表面的氧化膜,抑制蛇纹石等含镁脉石矿泥对浮选影响,在硫化铜镍矿的酸性浮选工艺的基础上研究了羧甲基纤维素(CMC)对硫化铜镍矿浮选过程的优化效果,并探讨了CMC的作用机理。结果表明:1×10^?3 mol/L盐酸溶液及20 min超声预处理可以显著强化硫化铜镍矿的可浮性,酸性浮选体系可以在更宽的pH范围内取得较好的回收率;在pH=3的酸性体系中添加20 mg/L CMC,硫化铜镍矿浮选精矿镍品位提高至19.42%,回收率提高至60.05%;分别比同等条件下不添加CMC的浮选指标分别提高了1.78%和22.79%;CMC对蛇纹石矿泥选择性抑制是其优化硫化铜镍矿浮选过程的主要原因;浊度及表面动电位测试表明CMC加入量必须控制于20 mg/L以内,过量的CMC产生有团聚作用,不利于矿泥颗粒间的分散。     

Development in selective flotation of galena from lead-zinc-iron sulfide ores in China

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＦｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｓｒｅｌａｔ ｅｄｔｏｓｕｌｆｉｄｅｍｉｎｅｒａｌｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｗｉｄｅｌｙｒｅ ｐｏｒｔｅｄｆｏｒａｌｏｎｇｐｅｒｉｏｄｏｆｔｉｍｅ[1] .Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ ,ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓａｎｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｉｎｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙ ｓｃａｌｅｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎｔｅｓｔｓｏｆｓｕｌｆｉｄｅｍｉｎｅｒａｌｓａｎｄｏｒｅｓｈａｖｅｄｒａｗｎｓｏｍｅａｔ ｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｓ[2～ 9…     

Microcalorimetric studies of interaction between extracellular polymeric substance and sulfide minerals

Extracellular polymeric substance（EPS） seem to be important for bioleaching. For better control of the processes, the function of EPS of leaching bacteria is of crucial importance. Microcalorimetric measurement was used to study the three simulative components of EPS. The attachment of L-cysteine increases with its increasing concentration, which is Langmuir monomolecular layer adsorption. The attachment of glucose on pyrite is similar to mannose, which is not Langmuir monomolecular layer but multilayer adsorption. The results prove that the EPS mediates attachment and reacts with the sulphide surface and results in changed chemical properties of the mineral surface. It provides a new method to study the interaction between EPS and sulfide minerals.     

分子筛生产废水在浮选药剂合成中的应用（英文）

通过皂化反应试验和浮选试验,对废碱液作为氢氧化钠的替代品用于皂化,改善脂肪酸的捕收性能的应用进行研究。皂试验结果表明,皂化反应的最佳条件为:搅拌速度55 r/min、起始温度40°C和搅拌时间45 min。同时,实验室规模和工业规模的浮选试验表明,废水合成的脂肪酸盐得到与氢氧化钠合成的脂肪酸钠相当的指标。因此,用来自分子筛生产过程中产生的废水代替氢氧化钠用于脂肪酸皂化是可行的。废碱液的跨界利用不仅减少环境污染,同时还产生良好的经济效益。     

Bioleaching of low grade nickel sulfide mineral in column reactor

Jinchuan low grade nickel （0.4%-0.6% Ni, mass fraction） sulfide mineral ore contains a remarkably high content of magnesia （30%-35% MgO, mass fraction） present in the main gangue minerals. Bioleaching was performed to investigate the feasibility to process the mineral due to its relative simplicity, eco-friendly operation and low capital cost requirements. The mixed mesophiles were enriched from acid mine drainage samples collected from several acid mines in China. Considering that the magnesia is easily extracted by acid solution and the excessive Mg^2＋ will exceed the tolerance of the mixed mesophiles, three effective means were used to reduce the disadvantage of magnesia during the bioleaching operation. They were adaptation of the mixed mesophiles to improve the tolerance; pre-leaching to remove most leachable magnesia and periodic bleeds of a portion of the pregnant leaching solution to control the level of Mg^2＋ based on the tolerance of the mixed mesophiles. An extraction of nickel （90.3%） and cobalt （88.6%） was successfully achieved within a 300 d leaching process from the Jinchuan low grade nickel sulfide mineral ore using a column reactor at ambient temperature.     

Selective adsorption of bacteria on sulfide minerals surface

The adsorption of bacteria on sulfide minerals surface was studied, and the selective adsorption mechanism of cells on the sulfide minerals was investigated by means of FTIR, UVS and XPS. The results show that the three strains of bacteria adsorbed more preferentially on pyrite than on other two sulfide minerals surface at neutral and alkaline pH conditions. FTIR and UVS of three strains of bacteria indicate that there are more functional groups on their surface, such as O---H, C=O, N--H, C--43, and the content of saccharide is more than that of protein. The state of every element on sulfide minerals surface was analyzed by XPS. The empty orbital number of electronic shell of metal ions on minerals surface is important in selective adsorption process, and some stable constants of metal coordinates can be used to explain the contribution of some groups in saccharide of cell wall to the selective adsorption.     

硫化矿物的浮选电化学与浮选行为

研究黄铜矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿等矿物在有/无捕收剂两种情况下的浮选行为,考察浮选与矿浆电位的关系。结果表明:当pH值分别小于4.0时,黄铜矿无捕收剂浮选的电位区间为0~0.9 V;当pH值为4.0或11.0时,矿浆电位大于0.85 V以后,黄铁矿的浮选回收率低于20%;当pH值为11.0时,黄铜矿无捕收剂浮选的矿浆电位区间为0.35~0.85 V。当pH值为10.0、丁黄药浓度为5×10-5 mol/L时,方铅矿浮选的矿浆电位为0.45~0.55 V,而黄铜矿在0.45~0.80 V的电位区间具有良好的浮选性能;对闪锌矿而言,当pH值为9.0时,矿浆电位在-0.40~0.80 V区间都不具有良好的可浮性。在浮选体系中,黄铜矿表面氧化会产生元素S0,当矿浆电位从-0.2V增大至0.6 V,黄铜矿表面氧化产生的元素S的数量逐渐增大,黄铜矿的无捕收剂浮选性能越来越好。从南京和青海2个铅锌矿山的应用情况来看,采用电位调控浮选技术可以大幅度缩短铅矿石的浮选时间,减少浮选机数量。例如在南京某铅锌矿,由于采用电位调控浮选技术,原来2个系列每天处理900 t矿石,现在采用一个系列即可处理。     

硫化矿对浸矿细菌(Fe2+)氧化活性的影响

研究了闪锌矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿、元素硫和石英在矿浆密度分别为0．25％，0．50％，0．75％，1．0％(固液比)时氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Fe^2 )的氧化活性。结果表明：在矿浆密度为0．25％时，石英对细菌(Fe^2 )的氧化活性没有影响;而闪锌矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿以及元素硫对浸矿细菌(Fe^2 )的氧化活性都有一定的抑制作用，且随着硫化矿矿浆密度升高，对细菌氧化活性的抑制作用加剧。     

Skeletal tool of mineral processing expert system

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｍｉｎｅｒａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓｏｒｅｂｅｎｅｆｉｃｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ,ｍｉｌｌｄｅｓｉｇｎ ,ｄｅｖｉｃｅｍａｉｎｔｅｎａｎｃｅ,ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｃｏｎｔｒｏｌａｎｄｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｍａｎａｇｅ ｍｅｎｔｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ ,ｉｓａｂａｓｉｃａｎｄｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙｗｏｒｋｉｎｍｉｎ ｅｒａｌｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓ .Ｉｔｉｓａｌｓｏａｍｉｓｃｅｌｌａｎｅｏｕｓｗｏｒｋｔｈａｔｃｏｎｓｕｍｅｓａｌｏｔｏ…     

直链烷基胺浮选铝硅矿物机理

研究了一水硬铝石和高岭石、叶蜡石及伊利石等几种含铝硅酸盐矿物在不同pH条件下的动电行为与浮选行为。一水硬铝石、高岭石、叶蜡石及伊利石的等电点（IEP）分别为pH6．2,4．3,2．0,3．4。在pH＞IEP时,烷基胺类阳离子捕收剂主要以静电作用吸附在一水硬铝石矿物表面,其浮选高岭石等3种铝硅酸盐矿物的可浮性大小顺序是叶蜡石＞高岭石＞伊利石。高岭石、叶蜡石和伊利石均是层状硅酸盐矿物,其破碎磨细时,将沿层间断裂,由于晶体结构的原因其层面荷负电荷。烷基胺类阳离子捕收剂以静电作用力吸附于铝硅酸盐矿物表面的层面使矿物疏水上浮。     

Sulfide precipitation flotation for treatment of acidic mine waste water

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＨｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃｉｏｎｉｓｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄａｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍａ ｊｏｒｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｔｏｄａｙｓｉｎｃｅｉｔｉｓｈａｒｄｔｏｂｅｄｅｇｒａｄｅｄｎａｔｕｒａｌｌｙａｆｔｅｒｌｏｎｇｙｅａｒｏｆａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ .Ａｃｉｄｉｃｍｉｎｅｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｉｓａ ｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌ.Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍａｎｙｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｔｒｅａｔｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｈｅａｖｙ…     

氯化钠对铝硅矿物浮选的影响及其作用机理

采用季铵盐DTAL作捕收剂,研究了氯化钠对一水硬铝石和叶蜡石浮选的影响及其作用机理.随着氯化钠浓度的增加,叶蜡石的浮选回收率显著提高,而一水硬铝石的可浮性受其影响很小.机理研究表明:氯化钠对一水硬铝石的zeta-电位没有影响,而能显著降低叶蜡石的zeta-电位,增强捕收剂与叶腊石的静电作用,促进捕收剂的吸附而活化其浮选;叶蜡石表面电位的降低是因为氯离子对叶蜡石存在选择性吸附作用并对其结构进行插层,使得叶蜡石的层间距从0.93 nm增大至1.40 nm.溶液化学计算表明:氯化钠改变溶液的离子强度,显著降低了季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度,使得吸附了捕收剂的矿物表面更容易疏水上浮.     

Electrochemical mechanism of p-amino phenol depressing sulfide minerals

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｒｇａｎｉｃｄｅｐｒｅｓｓａｎｔｓａｒｅｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｏｎｍｅｔａｌｏｒｅｓ ,ｂｕｔｒｅｐｏｒｔｓａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｕｓｅｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃｄｅｐｒｅｓｓａｎｔｓｉｎｓｕｌｆｉｄｅｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎａｒｅｌｅｓｓ .Ｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃｄｅｐｒｅｓｓａｎｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｔａｋｅｎｍｏｒｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏ…     

Methods of electrochemical study of natural metal sulfides

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｅｔａｌｓｕｌｆｉｄｅｓａｒｅｔｈｅｍａｉｎｓｏｕｒｃｅｏｆｎｏｎ ｆｅｒｒｏｕｓｍｅｔａｌｓ .Ｉｎｔｈｅｉｒｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｏｒｅｓ ,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｍｉｎｅｒａｌｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎｐｌａｙｓａｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅ .Ｅｌｅｃ ｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｂｅｃｏｍｅｖｅｒｙｕｓｅｆｕｌｆｏｒｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｍｅｔａｌｓｕｌｆｉｄｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎｄｕｅａｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉ ｃａｌｎａｔｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅ…     

Gemini双季铵盐捕收剂BDDA和EDDA对高岭石、叶腊石、伊利石浮选行为的比较及机理

采用了新型Gemini双季铵盐捕收剂丁烷-1,4-双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵（BDDA）和乙烷-1,2-双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵（EDDA）对比研究了其对高岭石、叶腊石、伊利石的浮选行为及作用机理。单矿物试验结果表明,在广泛的pH范围内,新型Gemini双季铵盐捕收剂BDDA和EDDA对三种铝硅酸盐矿物具有优异的捕收性能,且BDDA的捕收能力强于EDDA。红外光谱和动电位研究表明,Gemini双季铵盐捕收剂对三种铝硅酸盐矿物的作用机理为静电吸附和氢键作用。采用DFT密度泛函理论,在B3LYP／6—31G（d）水平上对捕收剂阳离子BDDA2＋和EDDA2＋进行量化计算,结果表明BDDA的捕收能力强于EDDA。这与单矿物浮选结果、动电位测定结果一致。