低温高能球磨Ti/Al复合粉显微组织结构演化

采用低温高能球磨法制备了两种Ti/Al复合粉末,粉末组成为Ti-47Al(at%),Ti-45Al-2Cr_2Nb-1B-0.5Ta(at%).研究两种粉末在球磨过程中显微组织结构演化、形貌变化.结果表明,降低球磨温度能够有效控制球磨颗粒尺寸,低温条件及合金元素共同作用可以获得高质量的细晶均匀化复合结构粉末.在低温(-140-5)℃不加过程控制剂条件下球磨12 h,Ti-45Al-2Cr-2Nb-1B-0.5Ta(at%)粉末粒度得到有效细化,表现出精细均匀化复合结构粉末,Ti与Al晶粒尺寸分别约为16 nm,9 nm.在相同条件成分为Ti-47Al(at%)球磨5.2 h,Ti与Al元素没有很好复合及成分均匀化,两种成分球磨条件下均未有新相生成.在不加过程控制剂条件下,低温环境球磨和合金元素添加对机械合金化过程具有十分重要影响.     

低温烧结原位合成微米级Al2O3颗粒强化Al基复合材料

以Al-10wt%SiO2粉末为研究体系,对比机械混合与球磨的粉末,研究了球磨粉末的相组成和微结构,用差热分析的方法确定了两种粉末体系中的置换反应发生的温度,以此为据,优化了烧结两种粉末压坯的工艺.结果表明,4h球磨的粉末颗粒明显细化,部分SiO2颗粒嵌入Al基体,形成反应扩散耦Al/SiO2;混合粉末中置换反应不能发生,球磨粉末中置换反应的温度区间为560-680℃;球磨粉末的压坯在640℃烧结2h,可形成组织均匀的微米级Al2O3颗粒强化Al基复合材料.     

3Fe/Al混合粉末的高能球磨及环境介质的相互作用

利用Fritsch Pulversitte 5型行星式球磨机、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱仪和X射线衍射仪研究了3Fe/Al元素混合粉末的机械球磨过程以及球磨过程中混合粉末与环境介质的相互作用.研究证实,球磨过程中存在颗粒断裂、冷焊机制,球磨20h产物为α-Fe(Al)固溶体,其表面生成一层由Fe2O3和Al2O3组成的氧化膜.     

机械合金化对TiAl基合金烧结组织的影响

对TiH2-47Al-0.2Si-10Nb和TiH2-47Al-0.2Si-12Nb成分的粉末机械合金化过程进行了研究,并将球磨30 h后的粉末进行放电等离子和真空烧结。借助X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究机械合金化对TiAl基合金烧结组织的影响。结果表明,高能机械球磨过程中形成了非晶相及TiAl金属间化合物,球磨30 h后粉末颗粒达到10 nm左右。采用放电等离子和真空烧结均获得了细小、均匀的TiAl和Ti3Al相组织,烧结组织晶粒在1μm左右。     

机械球磨与HDDR结合制备纳米晶Nd12Fe82B6合金粉末及其组织特征

在氢气氛中机械球磨铸态Nd12Fe82B6(at%)合金,利用机械力驱动使之发生歧化反应,随后进行真空脱氢-再结合处理,获得纳米晶合金粉末材料.采用差示扫描量热法(DSC),分析了歧化态合金粉末的脱氢-再结合行为.利用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),及透射电镜(TEM)等测试方法,研究了球磨及脱氢-再结合过程中合金粉末的相变与微观组织.结果表明:在0.2 MPa氢气氛中球磨20 h,可使Nd12Fe82B6合金完全歧化,形成晶粒尺寸约为8 nm的Nd2H5,Fe2B和α-Fe的纳米歧化组织,并且粉末颗粒细化到0.5μm～1.0 μm.在760℃,30 min的条件下进行真空脱氢-再结合处理,获得了平均晶粒尺寸约为30 nm的Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米复相Nd12Fe82B6合金粉末.     

气相元素对Ti-Al-Nb合金机械合金化产物的影响

采用Ti3Al合金屑替代Ti粉和部分Al粉,以钛的氢化物的形式引入氢,研究Ti-Al-Nb高铌体系中气体杂质及氢含量对球磨过程的影响.利用X射线衍射确定了不同阶段球磨产物及退火粉末的相组成.DSC分析了球磨后粉末的热稳定性.球磨Ti-Al-Nb两体系中可观察到单一bcc(Ti-Al-Nb)固溶体的形成.当球磨气氛发生改变时,有非晶相形成.此非晶相形成的主要因素是气体杂质.以钛的氢化物的形式引入氢时,球磨初期(10 h)氢含量在一定范围(小于1.3%,质量分数)内并不影响bcc相形成.球磨40 h,当[H]=1.3%,有非晶相形成.DSC结果表明[H]=2.7%,球磨30 h的粉末在723 K时Nb 的氢化物首先发生分解,同时有bcc相形成.在923 K,钛的氢化物已完全分解,有Ti3Al相析出和bcc存在.     

高能球磨低温烧结对FeAl合金组织的影响

利用高能球磨,通过剧烈的塑性变形,使Fe、AI粉末颗粒发生细化和机械合金化,并产生高的畸变能和界面能,在560℃和620℃进行低温烧结,Fe、Al原子沿着大量的晶界和缺陷进行扩散,形成FeAl合金相.经过12h的高能球磨.620℃烧结、保温4h,可以使Fe、Al复合粉完全转变成FeAl金属间化合物.晶粒均匀细小,呈现等轴状,晶粒大小约为30nm.     

高能球磨工艺对Ni-Cr-P粉末性能的影响

采用机械合金化方法将Ni-Cr-P粉末用行星式高能球磨机进行球磨,利用SEM、DSC、硬度仪及万能实验机分析了不同球磨时间的粉末和烧结后的试样性能。结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,粉末的能量在球磨20h达到最高,粉末的形貌图与粉末的能量曲线形成相对应的关系。球磨20h后的试样,在800℃进行烧结,可获得与原始粉末在920℃下烧结时性能相同的试样。     

Ti_(44)Ni_(47)Nb_9合金粉末球磨工艺的优化

采用机械合金化的方法制备了Ti_(44)Ni_(47)Nb_9形状记忆合金粉末,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析和能量色散光谱(EDS)等分析了球磨工艺参数对粉末非晶度和颗粒尺寸的影响,得出了最佳的球磨工艺参数。分析了球磨转速、球料比以及球磨时间等参数对机械合金化过程的影响规律。结果表明:合金粉末在球磨60 h时已出现大部分非晶相,100 h时已接近完全非晶化。机械合金化制备的Ti_(44)Ni_(47)Nb_9合金粉末尺寸随球磨时间的增加先迅速减小后在60 h左右趋于稳定,在球磨速率不变的条件下,随着球磨时间增长,粉末的平均粒径大幅度减小,且由棱角分明的不规则体逐渐变化为球形体,在球磨初期(10～30 h)存在颗粒团聚的现象,随球磨时间延长(30 h后)该现象逐渐消失。从粉末颗粒尺寸、分布状况、圆滑程度等方面分析考虑:在球磨时间为100 h的条件下,当球磨转速为200 r/min、球料比为10∶1时机械合金化效果最佳。     

球磨改性处理对Ti46V44Fe10合金相结构和吸放氢性能的影响

研究了不同条件下机械球磨改性处理对Ti46V44Fe10储氢合金相结构和吸放氢性能的影响.X射线衍射及扫描电镜分析表明:Ti46V44Fe10铸态合金由单一的体心立方(BCC)结构的固溶体组成;经过1 h的干法球磨(未添加四氢呋喃THF)后,合金中出现了微量的α-Ti第二相,主相晶胞体积减小,合金颗粒明显减小并发生团聚;经过0.5、1、20 h的湿法球磨(添加THF)后,合金中分别出现了含量不等的α-Ti第二相,主相晶胞体积逐渐减小,颗粒尺寸明显减小.储氢性能测试表明:球磨改性处理能有效地改善合金的活化性能,活化次数由球磨前的4次降至球磨后的1～2次;短时间(0.5 h,1 h)湿磨还能改善Ti46V44Fe10合金的吸放氢容量;但1 h干磨和20 h湿磨则会明显降低合金的吸放氢容量.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.