OBSERVATION ON SPUTTERING SURFACE OF ALLOYS IN GLOW DISCHARGE

用能量色散X射线谱仪和电子探针,研究两种含有第二相沉淀和喷射弥散强化镍基合金的阴极溅射表面微观形貌,发现形成的溅射锥体是由于第二相沉淀和氧化物质点的存在,使局部溅射率改变和引起静电效应的结果。     

核用镍基焊缝缺陷控制与焊材研制

镍基焊材在核电主设备制备中有着重要的应用,镍基焊材的性能很大程度上决定了核电设备的服役寿命。通过分析镍基焊缝金属焊接过程中常出现的失塑裂纹和点状夹杂两类焊接缺陷,设计并制备了不同Nb、Mo含量的镍基合金焊丝。结果表明,Ti会促进镍基焊缝金属中点状夹杂的出现;随着Nb、Mo含量的增加,镍基合金焊缝金属的室温强度逐渐增加,且焊缝金属的塑性得到大幅提升。Nb、Mo元素的添加,有效地改善了镍基焊缝金属中失塑裂纹与点状夹杂缺陷。通过调整成分获得了满足核电主设备使用要求的镍基合金焊丝。     

Nb、Mo对TiAl基合金高温氧化行为的协同效应研究

采用冷坩埚悬浮熔炼技术制备Nb、Mo合金化的TiAl基合金,研究合金在大气环境中的高温长时氧化行为。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及能谱分析研究氧化层的相结构、显微组织及与基体合金的界面特征,结合氧化动力学测试研究Nb、Mo对TiAl基合金高温抗氧化行为的协同效应。结果发现,Nb、Mo协同作用较单一元素合金化的TiAl合金具有更为优良的高温抗氧化性,连续致密且与基体良好结合的氧化膜可明显降低合金的氧化速率、减小氧化增重。Nb、Mo掺杂的TiAl基合金氧化层可阻止氧原子向内扩散,Nb、Mo的协同效应有助于改善TiAl基合金的高温抗氧化性。     

B元素对定向凝固镍基合金凝固特性和TCP相析出行为的影响

研究了B元素对定向凝固镍基合金凝固特性和TCP相析出行为的影响规律,并结合热力学计算软件Thermo-Calc和镍基合金数据库,计算分析了B元素对合金在非平衡凝固过程中的Cr、Co和Mo元素偏析行为的影响。结果表明,B元素的加入能够显著降低合金的固/液相温度,加宽凝固范围,增加共晶含量及Co、Cr和Mo元素在枝晶间的偏聚程度,进而加剧TCP相的析出;当B元素含量≤0.012%时,合金在850℃长期时效具有较好的组织稳定性能;当B元素含量增加到0.033%时,合金时效100 h,针状σ相开始析出,合金组织稳定性变差。     

合金化和热处理对难熔金属硅化物基合金组织和性能影响的研究现状

综述了合金化和热处理对硅化物基合金组织和性能的影响。在铌硅化物基合金中添加Mo，W或Al后，电弧熔炼态组织中的硅化物相为βNb5Si3；添加Cr或者V后，硅化物相为αNb5Si3：加入Ti后，硅化物相是Nb3Si。添加Ti，Hf和B可提高铌硅化物基合金的室温断裂韧性，添加W或Mo后合金的高温强度显著提高，而添加Cr，Al和Ti明显改善其高温抗氧化性能。在MoSi2中加入W，Nb和Ge等合金化元素后分别形成（Mo，W）Si2，（Mo，Nb）Si2或Mo（Si，Ge）2等硅化物，但在钼硅化物基合金中添加B后生成α—Mo，Mo3Si和T2相（MoSiB2），并且T2相所占的体积百分比与B的含量成正比。α-Mo相的含量对合金的断裂韧性和抗氧化性有重要影响。Nb或Mo的硅化物基合金的热处理温度都比较高，经过再结晶退火后合金中的组成相及其所占的体积百分比均发生变化，并且组织粗化，但分布更加均匀，从而对力学性能有显著的影响。     

一种核电用镍基合金焊丝熔敷金属的组织与性能

通过采用JMatPro软件，OM，SEM，TEM等手段分析了试制镍基合金焊丝GTAW熔敷金属的组织与力学性能. 结果表明:试验焊丝熔敷金属金相组织主要由柱状树枝晶γ相(NiCrFe固溶体)、枝晶间富Mo和Nb的偏析γ相以及枝晶间分布的(Nb,Ti)C碳化物、(Ni,Cr,Fe)₂(Nb,Mo)型Laves相、MoCrFe型σ相等组成. Mo，Nb等元素在组织中存在偏析现象，相比于焊丝化学成分，熔敷金属中枝晶干γ相Fe含量较高，Mo，Nb含量较低，而枝晶间Mo，Nb含量较高、Fe含量较低. 熔敷金属室温、350 ℃高温抗拉及屈服强度较高、塑性较好，室温拉伸断口形貌以沿晶分布的韧窝为主，在韧窝底部存在密集的析出相.     

异种金属焊接接头C4镍基合金侧熔合区微观组织

采用80S-G低合金钢焊丝焊接C4镍基合金/X60低合金钢异种金属。利用扫描电镜观察C4镍基合金母材/80S-G焊缝之间熔合区微观组织,能谱分析该区元素分布。结果表明,C4镍基合金母材稀释进入80S-G低合金钢焊缝内,致使Ni、Cr、Mo元素质量分数从部分熔化区到过渡区缓慢降低,Fe元素质量分数增加。微观组织从单相奥氏体组织逐渐转化为奥氏体与铁素体组成的混合组织,在此区域中弥散分布少量析出相粒子。     

Inconel 690带极电渣堆焊熔敷金属力学性能

针对核电用Inconel 690镍基合金的研究现状,对熔敷金属的力学性能展开研究。采用金相显微镜观察Inconel 690镍基合金带极电渣堆焊熔敷金属组织、采用扫描电镜对熔敷金属拉伸断口进行研究。结果表明,熔敷金属中有大量析出相,主要沿枝晶间分布;随着熔敷金属中Mn,Nb含量的增加,析出相的数量和尺寸增加,拉伸断口中高温低塑性裂纹减少,熔敷金属中晶界滑移受到析出相的钉扎,台阶和韧窝交错分布;熔敷金属Mn,Nb元素能够增加材料塑性储备,显著提升对高温低塑性裂纹(DDC)的抵抗作用。     

690镍基合金焊接结晶裂纹形成机理分析

采用横向可调拘束试验方法研究了690镍基合金焊带堆焊金属的结晶裂纹形成机理.结果表明,690镍基合金焊接结晶裂纹的形成与晶界(及亚晶界)偏析密切相关,Nb元素在其中有着重要影响:富Ni,Nb低熔点共晶相在晶界(及亚晶界)的偏析,导致堆焊金属的实际结晶温度降低,晶界(及亚晶界)处塑性储备减小、形貌被改善,促使结晶过程中裂纹萌生并沿平直晶界(及亚晶界)扩展.另外,Mn元素可通过抑制Nb元素在晶界的偏析,削弱Nb的上述不利作用,增强690镍基合金抵抗结晶裂纹的能力.     

镍基合金广义层错能的第一性原理研究

采用投影缀加波赝势和广义梯度近似方法计算纯镍以及含主要合金元素Cr、Co、Nb、Mo、W、Ru、Re的镍基固溶体合金的广义层错能.计算结果表明:合金元素与镍的原子半径差值△R及价电子数差值△V同时影响镍基固溶体合金的层错能和不稳定层错能,且合金元素对合金层错能的影响更为显著;镍基合金中位错交滑移和攀移能力主要与合金不稳定层错能和层错能的差值有关,其中Re、W和Mo是镍基合金最有效的固溶强化合金元素.     

Effects of alloy elements on microstructure and crack resistance of Fe-C-Cr weld surfacing layer

0　IntroductionFe C Crsurfacingalloysarewidelyusedinindustries ,mainlyduetotheirhighwearresistance .Underconditionsofabrasiveenvironments,theeffectofcompositionandmi crostructureontheabrasionresistancehasbeenextensivelystudied[1～4 ] .TheauthorsalsoevaluatederosionresistanceofFe C Crweldsurfacinglayersbecausealargenumberofma chinecomponentssufferedfromsevereerosion ,suchasper cussiveplate ,rotorbladeandexhaustpipe ,etc .However,thelowcrackresistanceofFe C Crweldsurfacinglayershasbecomethei…     

SURFACE OXIDATION OF THE AMORPHOUS ALLOY Ni_(68)P_(18)Cr_(14)

The surface layer of Ni_(68)P_(18)Cr_(14) amorphous alloy was studied by AES and XPS associated with ion beam sputtering. It was found that great differences existed between the surface layer and the bulk both in composition and chemical states. The dominant component elements Ni and P were of lower content in the surface laver, while Cr was enriched. Cr was drastically oxidized in the surface layer, but Ni underwent no oxidation. There was a P enriched region just helow the surface oxide layer, which was supposed to enhance the surface segregation of Cr. Ni underwent no oxidation in Ni_(68)P_(18)Cr_(14) amorphous alloy.     

IN DEPTH PHASE ANALYSIS OF BORONIZED LAYER ON ALLOYS BY GLOW DISCHARGE OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY

用辉光光谱分析测出了纯Fe,45钢,Cr12Mo工具钢,Cr26Mo和Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的渗硼层中硼与合金元素的分布规律。根据测得的硼和合金元素的含量,计算了渗硼层中硼化物相的组成。经X射线衍射分析证明,计算结果是可靠的。     

Preparation of Ni-Cu-Mo-Cr film deposited on AZ31magnesium alloy by double glow sputtering with Cu interlayer

For improving the corrosion resistance of AZ31magnesium alloy, a double glow sputtering deposited Ni-Cu-Mo-Cr film with brush plating Cu interlayer is applied to deposit a metal amorphous/nanocrystal film on AZ31magnesium alloy. Using a brush plated Cu interlayer, the content of noble elements, such as Ni, Cr, and Mo, is higher than that of a Ni-based film without Cu interlayer. The microstructure of the Ni-Cu-Mo-Cr alloy film with the brush plated Cu interlayer confirms that the film is classified into two regions, i.e., an amorphous layer on the outmost surface and an underlying nanocrystalline layer with a grain size of less than 5 nm. The Ni-based alloy amorphous film formed on AZ31magnesium alloy was investigated using an electrochemical polarization measurement. Compared with the AZ31 magnesium alloy, the sputter-deposited Ni-based alloy film and the sputter-depostion Ni-based alloy film with a brush plated Cu interlayer formed on AZ31 magnesium alloy exhibit obvious passivation phenomena.     

双层辉光等离子表面共渗Cr-Ni-Mo-Co工艺研究

采用双层辉光等离子渗金属技术,在工业纯铁表面渗入Cr,Mo,Co等合金元素,可在其表面形成与沉淀硬化不锈钢合金含量及硬度水平相近的合金层。以SEM等对比研究了不同工艺参数下,等离子渗入合金元素后,合金层表面的微观形貌。通过对比不同温度、源极电压所对应的渗层成分及厚度,选择出最优化的工艺参数:源极电压1 350V,阴极电压510～530V,加热温度1 100℃,保温时间5h。     

高合金马氏体耐热钢的热变形表观激活能

采用Gleeble-3500试验机对0Cr11Ni2MoVNb、1Cr20Co6Ni2Mo1WV和403Nb高合金马氏体耐热钢进行热压缩试验,结果表明,3种钢的热变形表观激活能分别为461.6、508.1l和571.1 kJ/mol。通过同其他研究对比,发现影响钢的表观激活能的因素主要是碳含量和合金元素含量。在普碳钢以及微合金钢中,合金元素含量少,形成的碳化物少,对钢的表观激活能影响不大;对于高合金钢,一方面是由于碳化物,尤其是细小的NbC粒子对位错的钉扎作用,另一方面是由于合金元素的固溶强化作用,使得高合金钢的热变形表观激活能随钢中碳含量和合金元素含量的增加而增加。     

The structure and adhesion of oxide scales on Fe?Ni?Mo and Fe?Cr?Mo alloys

The Structure and Adhesion of Oxide Scales on Fe? Ni? Mo and Fe? Cr? Mo Alloys A preliminary study has been made of the structure and adhesion of oxide scales formed on Fe-1.8 wt.% Ni-0.3wt.% Mo and Fe-1wt.% Cr-0.5wt.% Mo in oxygen at 930°–1250°C. From 930°–1250°C, the Fe? Ni? Mo alloy oxidised at a slower rate that the Fe? Cr? Mo alloy, and both alloys oxidised at a slower rate than high-purity iron. Hot bend tests and hot tensile tests of a scale-metal joint revealed that the scales comprised a strongly adherent inner layer (enriched in Cr? Mo or Ni) and a weakly coherent bulk structure. In the Fe? Ni? Mo alloy, failure in the bulk scale occured along a smooth plane at the edge of the Ni-enrichment zone whereas in contras, for the Fe? Cr? Mo alloy, failure occured withing the Cr? Mo enriched zone adjacent to the scale-metal interface.     

V-EPC表面合金化在导卫板生产中的应用

在真空负压实型铸造（V-EPC）铸渗技术制造复合材料导卫板的过程中，利用正交试验法研究了合金涂料中碳、铬、镍、钼、硼五元素对导卫板表面合金层组织的影响，得到了影响渗层质量及合金组织的主要因素，确定了最佳的合金涂料成分。并证明了采用负压实型铸造（V—EPC）进行复合材料导卫板的生产有利于提高合金层表面质量，此工艺比其它表面合金化方法制造的导卫板所产生的缺陷明显减少，并且合金层组织均匀。     

Oxidation Behavior of a Re-Base Diffusion-Barrier/β-NiAl Coating on Nb–5Mo–15W at High Temperatures

A β-NiAl coating with or without a Re-base alloy layer was formed on a Nb–5Mo–15W alloy. The coated alloys were oxidized isothermally in air at 1373 and 1473 K. Electroplating of a high (more than 70at.%)-Re–Ni film, Cr-pack cementation, Ni plating, and then Al-pack cementation, in this sequence, formed a coating structure with Re-base alloy and β-NiAl layers. The Re-base alloy layers were comprised of an outer σ-phase in the Re–Cr(Ni) system and an inner χ-phase in the Re–Nb(Cr) system. It was found that reaction between the β-NiAl and the alloy substrate was significantly suppressed when the Re-base alloy layers were present. The Re-base σ and χ phases were found to be good candidates for a diffusion barrier against inward-Al diffusion because they have very low solubilities for Al.     

Isothermal oxidation behavior of powder metallurgy beta gamma TiAl–2Nb–2Mo alloy

A new TiAl–2Nb–2Mo beta gamma alloy was synthesized by powder metallurgy process. HIP’ed and vacuum heat treated specimens were isothermally oxidized at 800 °C and 900 °C in air up to 500 h. The TiAl–2Nb–2Mo alloy oxidized parabolically up to 500 h at both 800 °C and 900 °C. The oxides consisted of outer TiO₂ layer, intermediate Al₂O₃ layer, and inner TiO₂ rich mixed layer and the oxidation mechanisms of the alloy were identical at both temperatures. During oxidation, the degradation of lamellar colonies formed a diffusion zone just below the oxide/substrate interface consisting of γ-TiAl matrix and dispersed beta phases which contained high concentration of Nb and Mo. The oxidation rate of the TiAl–2Nb–2Mo alloy is more sensitive to temperature than those of the Ti–48Al–2Nb–2Cr and Ti–48Al–2Nb–2Cr–W alloys.