基于蒙特卡罗法的液压试验平台可靠性分析

工程机械液压试验平台是一个复杂的机电系统,具有故障多样、成因复杂、隐蔽性强的特点,因此不宜采用传统的数值解析方法或者直接移植其他类型系统的可靠性分析方法来分析系统的可靠性。根据实际液压试验测试平台系统的结构组成,构建系统的故障树;采用蒙特卡罗随机模拟方法对故障树的失效模型进行仿真评估,得出系统的可靠性指标和系统可靠性的最薄弱点,提出提高可靠性的方法,使系统的可靠度指标提高了31%。仿真结果也为系统的进一步优化设计和维修工作提供参考意见。结果表明:基本故障树的蒙特卡罗法适用于大型复杂液压系统或机电液系统的可靠性评估,为大型复杂系统的可靠性分析提供参考。     

基于AMESim的铰接式自卸车液压制动系统建模与仿真

以45t铰接式自卸车停车液压制动系统为研究对象,利用 AMESim软件建立了铰接式自卸车液压制动系统的模型并进行仿真,从理论上验证了该制动系统的可靠性,并对影响液压制动系统动态特性的因素进行了分析.     

再制造盾构机刀盘液压驱动系统的可靠性分析

再制造作为绿色制造的重要组成环节，是解决资源短缺和环境污染问题的有效途径之一。盾构机刀盘与其它部件相比，有着对可靠性要求特别高的特点，因此开展盾构再制造刀盘的可靠性研究十分必要。考虑到盾构机的掘进工况，建立刀盘液压驱动系统的可靠性框图与数学模型，通过仿真得到的可靠度曲线进行了可靠性分析。建立马达模块的故障树模型并对马达故障树进行分析，找到了导致马达失效的关键因素，为提高盾构液压驱动系统的可靠性提供了理论措施。     

基于AMESim液压可控停车顶系统仿真研究

液压可控停车顶是驼峰溜放车辆的新型自动化减速装置,提高了铁路编组场调车的自动化水平。以液压可控停车顶为研究对象,开展基于AMESim软件的系统建模与仿真分析。在分析液压可控停车顶系统工作原理及控制方式的基础上,利用AMESim软件中的机械库、液压库及信号控制库构建了液压可控停车顶系统仿真模型,分析系统在非制动状态、待制动状态和制动状态下的顶杆位移、顶杆速度、液压制动缸上下腔压力、蓄能器气囊容积及压力的动态性能。仿真结果显示:液压可控停车顶可实现非制动状态、待制动状态和制动状态的切换,制动状态下具有减速缓冲作用。液压可控停车顶建模仿真分析为系统的优化设计提供一定的参考。     

液压制动系统协调控制下电动汽车制动系统研究

为提高电动汽车制动过程的稳定性,分析了电动汽车电机的制动和液压制动的过程,并依据电动汽车制动转矩的要求,提出了电机制动与液压制动模式的切换方案及制动转矩的协调控制方案。利用仿真软件平台建立了电动汽车电动液压制动系统仿真模型,通过改变制动强度,获得了电动汽车制动稳定性数据。分析结果表明:对于低强度制动工况,电机制动系统可有效满足汽车制动的需要,而液压制动系统无法达到相应工作要求;对于中等强度制动工况,电机制动系统及液压制动系统可有效协调工作,并实现稳定制动过程;而对于高强度制动或高蓄电池SOC工况,采用电动液压制动系统可有效保证车辆的制动稳定性。     

刨花板热压机液压系统可靠性分析

介绍了RCB3303刨花板热压机液压系统原理,对液压系统建立了故障树数学模型,对系统故障进行了可靠性的定量和定性分析,为提高热压机液压系统的可靠性提供参考。     

四驱电动车液压再生制动系统制动能效的研究

为定量分析四驱电动汽车液压制动能量再生系统的制动效能和蓄能能力,设置再生制动系统单独制动仿真。液压二次元件以泵的形式运行,建立蓄能器数学建模,对汽车制动时的受力进行运动学分析,然后在AMESim软件上搭建仿真模型。由于蓄能器最低工作压力是影响蓄能器效能的关键参数,进而也是影响液压制动能量再生系统制动效能的关键因素,所以赋予蓄能器不同的最低工作压力进行对比仿真分析。仿真结果表明:当蓄能器最低工作压力为17 MPa时,在保证四驱电动车液压再生制动系统有较高的制动能效的同时,可以获得较高的蓄能器效能。     

悬挂液压系统中新型管路防爆阀的可靠性设计

分析了悬挂液压系统管路中传统防爆阀的工作原理,针对此阀不能完全满足高速铁路建设工程中运梁车悬挂液压系统可靠性要求的实际情况,基于可靠性原理设计了双管路防爆阀,解决了载重9 000kN运梁车悬挂液压系统潜在的软管爆裂故障,并在整车出厂试验中验证了这种新型防爆阀的可靠性.     

基于优化非线性控制的液压制动系统压力跟踪仿真研究

为提高车辆制动过程中控制系统的响应速度,设计车辆液压制动非线性PID控制优化系统,并对制动压力跟踪效果进行仿真。给出车辆液压制动系统平面图,分析车辆行驶和制动过程中液压系统的工作原理。采用数学模型对车辆液压制动系统进行简化,针对输入的不确定性设计了非线性PID控制系统。采用遗传算法对非线性PID控制系统进行优化,给出了液压制动非线性PID控制系统的优化流程。在不同初始状态和不同压力信号条件下,采用MATLAB软件对制动压力跟踪误差进行仿真,并与优化前的仿真结果进行对比和分析。结果表明:在非线性PID控制系统中,液压制动压力跟踪误差较大,控制参数调整速度较慢;在遗传算法优化后的非线性PID控制系统中,液压制动压力跟踪误差较小,控制参数调整速度较快。采用遗传算法优化非线性PID控制系统,可以提高整个系统的反应速度,获得良好的制动效果。     

液压马达飞轮可靠性试验台的研制

为了研究大型车辆设备在启动、制动时液压马达受到的冲击载荷对其可靠性的影响,在试验室中以飞轮惯性产生加速度来模拟车辆设备受到的冲击,设计一种飞轮可靠性试验台,提出不同转动惯量飞轮搭配为液压马达负载以满足各型号液压马达可靠性试验及冲击试验要求。采用AMESim搭建试验台液压回路并对被测马达进行冲击仿真试验以测试相关性能,将仿真与试验进行对比分析。结果发现两者试验结果基本吻合,验证了液压系统原理的正确性,证明试验台设计合理。     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.     

试论洋务派教师聘任的思想

洋务派在洋务学堂的办学活动中,为了解决西学专业学科的教学困难,采用了聘请外籍教师的应急措施.他们以真才实学,合同制管理作为主导思想,并认为这种解决师资的途径只是权宜之计,并非久远.从客观上看,洋务派的教师聘任思想有深刻的历史影响.     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

FeCrAIW电弧喷涂层组织的致密化研究

采用激光辐照对FeCrAlW电弧喷涂层的组织进行致密化处理,借助扫描电镜和X衍射对涂层的组织进行了分析.测试了涂层的显微硬度.结果表明:涂层组织致密度提高,孔隙率明显降低.随着激光扫描速度的增加,涂层的显微硬度降低.在较低的扫描速度下,涂层与基体之间形成互熔区,涂层与基体之间产生良好的冶金结合.     

面向零件形状的计算机图形库的开发

论述了CAD技术中参数化设计的三种建模方法，重点介绍了基于特征的参数化建模原理。在此基础上，分析机械设计中的机构结构，归纳出其零件的几何特征构成。设计了机构CAD图形库，并提出了该图形库生成步骤和人机交互界面。     

Analysis of microporous structure of carbon adsorbents in terms of the theory of volume filling of micropores

A methodology of using the theory of filling the volume of micropores when evaluating the porous structure of carbon nanomaterials and adsorbents, as well as describing the adsorption of different species, is considered. Potentialities of the mathematical means of a theory of filling the volume of micropores when differentiating homogeneous and irregular microporous structure of activated carbon, determining the micropores’ parameters (their volume and size), evaluating the degree of heterogeneity of microporous structures, and describing adsorption over wide concentration range are analyzed. The perspectives of this approach, based on the theory of filling the volume of micropores, in the prognosis of the microporous structures’ parameters and the activated carbons’ adsorbability in the process of their synthesis are demonstrated. Original Russian Text ? G.A. Petukhova, 2008, published in Zashchita Metallov, 2008, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 170–176.