S31603和Q345R异种钢焊接工艺

某再生塔塔体由两部分组成,上部分材特Q345R,下部分材料S31603,其终止焊缝为S31603和Q345R异种钢焊接,在工艺评定弯曲试验时Q345R侧发生开裂.从选择合适的焊接方法、焊接坡口、焊接材料、焊接热输入、预热和层间温度等方面分析、探讨,并制作模拟件,确定合适的焊接工艺,保证了S31603和Q345R异种钢焊接接头的性能.     

不同屈强比Q500qE桥梁钢的疲劳裂纹扩展速率

对不同厚度(20~60 mm)和屈强比(0.7~0.9)的Q500q E钢紧凑拉伸试样进行疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,并与传统桥梁钢Q345q D进行对比。结果表明:室温下,Q345q D和Q500q E母材的止裂能力明显好于焊缝,Q500q E焊缝的疲劳裂纹扩展速率比Q345q D焊缝的疲劳裂纹扩展速率低,说明有较好的止裂能力;对于相同厚度的钢板,Q500q E母材的疲劳裂纹扩展速率随屈强比的升高而增加。和屈强比为0.7的Q345q D相比,任意厚度和屈强比Q500q E的疲劳裂纹扩展速率均低于Q345q D,说明高性能桥梁钢止裂性优于传统桥梁钢。     

超快冷处理低合金Q345B钢的折弯开裂失效分析与对策

利用扫描电镜对超快冷工艺生产的Q345B钢弯曲失效开裂的断口形貌、显微组织和钢中的夹杂物进行了分析。结果表明,Q345B钢中存在超标的大尺寸夹杂物诱发了弯曲变形过程中裂纹的萌生,而超快冷工艺产生的网状渗碳体和粒状贝氏体硬相组织降低了Q345B钢的塑性和韧性,促进了裂纹的扩展。通过延长LF工序精炼时间和控制超快冷工艺冷却速度及提高终冷温度,使钢中夹杂物尺寸大大降低,显微组织转变为铁素体和珠光体组织,从而提高了Q345B抗弯曲性能。     

高强结构钢材Q460C焊接接头的断裂韧性试验

对14 mm厚的焊接Q460C高强度结构钢材焊缝区及其热影响区进行不同低温下的三点弯断裂韧性的试验研究,以便获得其焊缝区及其热影响区的断裂韧性指标δm值,同时利用Boltzmann函数对结果进行了拟合分析,得到其韧脆转变温度及其随温度变化的规律,并对试件断口进行扫描电镜分析.结果表明,低温对Q460C结构钢的焊缝区和热影响区断裂韧性有明显的影响,随温度的降低,其断裂韧性也随之呈下降趋势;Q460C焊缝区韧脆转变温度约为-53.6℃,热影响区的约为-40.3℃;在温度低于-20℃时,Q460C焊缝区及热影响区的断口形貌已表现出明显的脆性特征.     

Q345钢焊接裂纹分析

通过对Q345钢焊接裂纹处的金相组织检验、断口扫描分析及母材的化学成分检验,验证了生产过程中Q345钢焊接开裂主要是因母材中有害元素P含量较高,焊接的最后凝固位置形成低熔点的共晶组织,同时在焊接母材可焊性较差情况下,焊接工艺没有做出相应的调整而引起的.     

含表面裂纹非匹配焊接接头的断裂行为

测试了两种超高强度钢低匹配接头母材、焊缝和热影响区的表面裂纹断裂韧性,比较了母材与热影响区的断裂韧度概率分布.同时采用有限元方法分析了匹配因子和裂纹位置对裂纹尖端张开应力和应力三轴度的影响.结果表明,当裂纹位于热影响区时,由于软焊缝使其应力三轴度降低,其断裂韧性明显好于母材;而当裂纹位于焊缝一侧时,匹配因子越高,距熔合线越远,则应力三轴度越低,断裂韧性越好;当裂纹位于焊缝中心时,两种匹配的断裂韧度相当.从而解释了试验结果.     

轮缘润滑器安装座失效原因分析

轮缘润滑器安装座故检过程中,渗透检测发现T型焊缝处出现宏观裂纹,该结构材料为Q345钢。通过外观检测、裂纹宏观形貌观察、裂纹断口形貌观察、焊接微观组织观察、冲击断口观察等试验,对结构的开裂原因进行分析。试验结果表明:焊接接头微观组织良好,无明显焊接缺陷,可排除由于组织原因引起构件失效的可能;对比裂纹断口形貌与焊缝金属冲击断口形貌,两者存在较大差异,可排除由于承受较大冲击载荷开裂的可能;裂纹微观断口存在大量疲劳条带,表明结构为疲劳开裂;综合考虑裂纹启裂位置的受力情况,可以判定疲劳开裂的原因是承受载荷部位的应力集中问题。     

Q345C钢MAG焊接头低温韧性研究

针对高速列车转向架服役气候条件及对焊接接头低温韧性严格要求,采用夏比缺口冲击试验方法在不同温度条件下测试了Q345C钢母材试样及其MAG焊接头焊缝区试样的冲击功,观察了冲击试样在不同温度条件下的断口形貌,测定了各个试样的纤维断面率,得到了冲击功、纤维断面率随温度变化的关系曲线,确定了Q345C钢MAG焊接头的韧脆转变温度。试验结果表明,焊缝在-40℃时冲击吸收功可达71 J;焊缝韧脆转变温度ETT50为-41.16℃,FATT50为-37.34℃;Q345C钢MAG焊接头具有良好的低温韧性,可以很好地满足设计需求。     

X100钢级螺旋缝埋弧焊管抗H_2S腐蚀性能研究

对X100钢级螺旋缝埋弧焊管进行了氢致开裂(HIC)和硫化物应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC)试验研究,结果表明:X100钢级螺旋缝埋弧焊管焊接接头比管体的抗H2S腐蚀性能差。分析认为:带状组织和硬度高是导致管体和焊接接头氢致裂纹超标的主要原因,氢致裂纹主要是穿晶型和沿晶型开裂;而焊缝中存在夹杂物,以及焊缝中晶内针状铁素体组织和热影响区中粒状贝氏体组织引起的硬度波动和偏高,是导致焊缝处发生应力腐蚀断裂的主要原因。电化学试验和残余应力测试,也进一步证实了X100钢级螺旋缝埋弧焊管焊接接头比管体更易于腐蚀。     

Q345钢焊接裂纹原因分析

本文通过对Q345钢焊接裂纹处母材化学成分检验、金相组织检验、硬度检测及断口扫描分析,分析出Q345钢焊接裂纹是由于母材CN量较高,其可焊性较差,需对Q345钢板进行焊前预热,可有效避免焊接裂纹的产生。     

Micromechanism of Cleavage Fracture of Weld MetalsEI北大核心CSCD

Cleavage fracture is the most dangerous form of fracture. Cleavage fracture usually happens well before general yielding at low nominal fracture stress and strain. Cleavage fracture is often spurred by low temperature and determines the toughness in the lower shelf temperature region. This paper describes a new framework for the micromechanism of cleavage fracture of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel weld metals. Cleavage fracture not only determines the impact toughness in the lower shelf but also plays a decisive role on the impact toughness in the transition temperature region. The toughness is determined by the extending length of a preceding fibrous crack which is terminated by cleavage fracture. Three non-stop successive stages, i.e. crack nucleation, propagation of a second phase particle-sized crack across the particle/grain boundary, propagation of a grain-sized crack across the grain/grain boundary are explained. The "critical event" of cleavage fracture is emphasized which offers the greatest difficulty during crack formation and controls the cleavage process. The critical event indicates the weakest microstructural component and its critical size which specifies the local cleavage fracture stress sigma(f) for cleavage fracture. In toughness-study it is paramount important to reveal the critical events for various test specimens. Three criteria for crack nucleation, for preventing crack nucleus from blunting and for crack propagation are testified. An active region specified by these criteria is suggested where the combined stress and strain are sufficient to trigger the cleavage fracture. It can be used in statistical analyses. A case study, using the new framework of micromechanism for analyzing toughness of 8% Ni steel welding metals is presented to analyze the experimental results.     

岩石Ⅱ型断裂韧度的实验方法

针对纯剪断裂试件存在的问题,提出了采用压剪试件实现岩石Ⅱ型裂纹剪切断裂并测试岩石剪切断裂韧度的实验方法,并通过对压剪试件的应力分布和测试结果的分析讨论,提出了岩石Ⅱ型断裂韧度实验的最佳方案,并进而讨论了Ⅱ型裂纹的两种不同断裂型式和断裂判据。     

基于延性准则的DP800小圆角拉弯成形开裂判据

针对传统FLC无法准确预测超高强度双相钢薄板在较小凸模圆角下拉弯成形时的剪切开裂问题,采用基于延性准则的成形判据计算其应力-应变失效积分因子,结果表明,使用Brozzo和Oyane延性准则计算的失效积分因子在凸模圆角处超过失效单位值,与试验相符,说明Brozzo、Oyan延性准则能够实现小圆角半径下双相钢板材在拉弯成形中的开裂预测。     

Critical level of intergranular fracture to affect the toughness of embrittled 2.25Cr-1Mo steels

In general, the low-temperature brittle fracture mode of unembrittled ferritic steel is transgranular cleavage. During temper embrittlement, impurity elements, such as sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), and tin (Sn), segregate to prior austenite grain boundaries, which results in a decrease in the grain boundary cohesive strength. As a result, the brittle transgranular cleavage fracture mode changes to intergranular decohesion in association with the decrease in the critical fracture (stress (σ _F) as well as the fracture toughness (K). However, the appearance of intergranular facets on the fracture surface does not cause a decrease in the K and σ _F values. In this work, quenched and fully tempered 2.25Cr-1Mo steel (in an unembrittled condition that exhibits almost 100% brittle transgranular cleavage fracture) has been embrittled for 24, 96, and 210 h at 520 °C to produce different proportions of intergranular fracture. These unembrittled and embrittled steel specimens were tested to measure K (at −120 and −196 °C) and σ _F (at −196 °C). The experimental results and detailed fractographic observations show that the K and σ _F values decrease with an increase in the area fraction of intergranular fracture, provided that the area fraction of the intergranular facet on the brittle fracture surface exceeded a certain critical level, approximately 20–22%.     

纯剪载荷作用下的岩石断裂

利用四点弯剪切法研究了岩石纯剪载荷作用下的断裂规律，并提出了岩石发生真Ⅱ型断裂的条件，探讨了测定岩石真Ⅱ型断裂韧性的方法。     

Low-temperature fracture toughness of a heat-treated mild steel

Specimens from a 0.14 % C mild steel were austenitized at 1000 °C for 1 h and thereafter furnace-cooled or isothermally transformed at 700 °C for 0.5,2, and 8 h. The microconstituents present in the as-received material were ferrite and pearlite and their amounts did not substantially change even after heat treatment. The impact energy of the as-received and the furnace-cooled materials increased from 4 to 89 J and from 4 to 108 J, respectively, when the temperature was changed from - 196 to 23 °C. For these materials, the failure mode was by ductile fracture at 0 and 23 °C and by quasicleavage fracture at - 196 and - 40 °C. The fracture toughness did not show any significant change with isothermal transformation time at 700 °C. The failure mode of the isothermally transformed materials was always by quasicleavage fracture.     

Study on fracture behavior of SiCp/A356 composites

The fracture behavior of SiCp/A356 composite at room and high temperatures was studied.Under tensile stress condition at room temperature, the fracture is mostly a combination of the brittle fracture of SiC particles and ductile fracture of A356 matrix.As the tensile temperature increases, the composite changes the main fracture behavior to the separation fracture of the bonding surface between SiC particles and A356 matrix.When the tensile temperature reaches 573 K, the fracture behavior of the composites is almost the whole separation fracture of the bonding surface, which is the main strengthening mechanism at high temperature.Under the cycle stress condition at room and high temperatures, the main fracture behavior of the composites is always a combination of the brittle fracture of SiC particles and ductile fracture of A356 matrix.However, under the cycle stress at high temperature, cycle behavior of the composites changes from cycle hardening at room temperature to the cycle softening at high temperature.     

AZ31B镁合金点焊接头拉剪断裂特征

针对板厚2 mmAZ31B镁合金板材在DZ-3×100三相次级整流点焊机上进行焊接.通过对其焊接接头的拉剪试验、金相显微观察、断口SEM分析、XRD分析,研究了镁合金点焊接头拉剪断裂特征.结果表明,点焊接头拉剪断裂呈现拉剪撕裂和整核断裂两种断裂形式.熔核处断口为韧性-脆性混合型断裂,母材断口处呈现一典型的韧性断裂特征.熔核与母材的物相基本一致.母材焊后,晶界及晶面上析出硬而脆的Mg17Al12金属间化合物,且所占比例远远超过母材基体,熔核区域的断裂倾向增大,Mg17Al12金属间化合物在XRD图谱上衍射峰强.     

钢丝杯锥状断口断裂机理

用金相和扫描电镜分析了钢丝杯锥状断口。结果表明,钢丝杯锥状断口形成机理主要是由于钢丝组织中存在夹杂物、组织疏松、碳偏析以及拉拔工艺不当,导致心部出现"V"型裂纹,沿"V"型裂纹断裂后形成杯锥状断口。     

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON FRACTURE PLANE CONTROL BLAST WITH NOTCHED BOREHOLES

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