高强度不锈钢激光熔覆层抗腐蚀性及其腐蚀机制研究

通过激光熔覆技术在基体1Crl5Ni4Mo3N表面制备高强度不锈钢熔覆层,并利用扫描电镜、析氢试验、电化学分析仪对基体与熔覆层的组织结构、析氢速率、电化学阻抗与腐蚀形貌进行测试表征。结果表明:所制备的熔覆层抗腐蚀性较基体差。分别对基体与熔覆层的腐蚀机制进行探究,发现基体与熔覆层腐蚀过程主要分为3个阶段,腐蚀形式为晶间腐蚀。通过此项实验,深入了解了对激光熔覆制备的高强度不锈钢熔覆层的腐蚀特性及腐蚀机制,为后期进行零部件修复提供理论支撑。     

激光熔覆层冲刷腐蚀研究现状

冲刷腐蚀广泛发生在石油、化工等领域,并致使设备材料发生损伤或失效。材料经激光熔覆后得到具有特殊化学、力学性能,并能与基体材料形成冶金结合的涂层。从激光熔覆层冲刷腐蚀行为研究方法出发,简要概括了现场测试法、数值模拟法以及通过模拟真实工况进行实验室研究的三大类实验装置的优缺点,并对目前用于激光熔覆层冲刷腐蚀行为的表征方法进行了总结。然后介绍了激光熔覆层冲刷腐蚀机理的研究现状:冲刷腐蚀机制由电化学腐蚀、机械力磨损及二者交互作用构成,其中冲刷主要通过正应力和切应力两种侵蚀机制对腐蚀产生促进作用,而腐蚀则通过弱化涂层表面促进冲刷。随后,总结了激光熔覆层冲刷腐蚀行为的影响因素,并对熔覆材料自身因素、流体因素(流速、冲蚀角、固体颗粒及pH值、温度等)对激光熔覆层冲刷腐蚀行为的影响规律进行了分析和归纳。最后,基于冲刷腐蚀机理研究现状,从研究方法及影响因素等方面总结了目前激光熔覆层冲刷腐蚀研究中存在的问题,同时对未来的研究趋势进行了展望。     

304LN不锈钢表面激光熔覆钴基合金组织和性能

为了提高304LN不锈钢的耐磨性,延长控制棒导向筒组件使用寿命,采用激光熔覆技术在304LN不锈钢表面制备了Stellite 6钴基熔覆层.利用光学显微镜(OM)、能谱仪(EDS)、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机、腐蚀试验装置等多种试验测试设备,分析了熔覆层组织形貌、成分、显微硬度、摩擦磨损性能及腐蚀行为,确定了多道多层钴基熔覆层的工艺参数.结果表明,熔覆层与基体之间形成了冶金结合,显微组织主要由平面晶区、胞状和柱状晶区、树枝晶区和等轴晶区组成.熔覆层硬度为500 ~ 550 HV,摩擦磨损系数为0.30 ~ 0.35,熔覆层均匀腐蚀速率和缝隙腐蚀速率分别为0.153 和0.143 mg/(dm2·d). 激光熔覆钴基合金可以有效提高304LN不锈钢表面的硬度、耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能.     

不同Mn含量Cu-Mn合金熔覆层的腐蚀特性（英文）

为研究不同Mn含量Cu-Mn合金熔覆层的腐蚀特性和防污性能，利用激光熔覆技术制备了成分均匀、稀释率低的Cu-Mn合金熔覆层。采用电化学测试、盐雾腐蚀实验、腐蚀形貌观察及铜离子释放试验对3种不同Mn含量的Cu-Mn合金熔覆层在3.5%（质量分数）NaCl溶液中的腐蚀特性进行研究，重点研究了Mn对腐蚀产物和铜离子释放率的影响。结果表明：在电化学测试中，随着Mn含量增多，熔覆层的耐腐蚀性降低。盐雾腐蚀实验中，随着Mn含量的增多，Cu-Mn合金熔覆层腐蚀程度加深，平均质量损失增大。对电解腐蚀后的熔覆层样品进行腐蚀形貌观察，Mn含量高的Cu-Mn合金样品生成的腐蚀产物较低Mn含量的样品更疏松，裂纹孔洞数量多，腐蚀产物更易剥落。铜离子释放试验中，3种Mn含量合金熔覆层样品都可以抑制海洋生物生长，且Mn含量越高，铜离子渗出率越大，在防污材料方面有良好的应用前景。     

激光熔覆304不锈钢涂层的组织及耐蚀性

为提高普通碳钢表面耐蚀性,利用5 kW横流CO2激光加工设备在45钢表面激光熔覆制备304不锈钢涂层。采用光学显微镜、XRD和SEM等手段对所制备涂层的显微组织及相组成进行分析,并分别利用化学侵蚀实验和阳极极化曲线对涂层的耐腐蚀性能进行测试。结果表明:熔覆层由铁素体和奥氏体双相组成,自界面处到顶端逐渐由单一粗大的柱状晶向尺寸约为5~8μm的致密细小的等轴晶过渡;在15%FeCl3溶液中静置24 h后,基材被腐蚀而熔覆层无明显变化;熔覆层的自腐蚀电位比基材高290 mV,仅比商用304不锈钢低70 mV,而3者之中熔覆层的自腐蚀电流密度最低。     

激光熔覆Ni基合金耐磨性能

为了有效延长材料和设备的使用寿命、改善其表面状态,使其性能更好地发挥;探讨激光扫描速度对熔覆层耐磨性的影响;对比单道和大面积激光熔覆层的耐磨性。采用CO2激光器及LASERCELL-1005六轴六联动三维激光加工机床在40Cr钢上进行激光熔覆处理。利用X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、磨料磨损试验机等设备对熔覆层硬度、耐磨性能进行研究。结果表明:激光熔覆层的显微硬度HK在4200～17792MPa之间;随扫描速度的的增加,激光熔覆涂层的最高硬度及耐磨性呈现先升高后降低的趋势;大面积激光熔覆层的硬度、耐磨性能不及单道激光熔覆层,原因在于大面积激光熔覆过程中受到重复加热的影响,易使硬度下降并产生裂纹;多层叠加熔覆涂层的硬度及耐磨性能优于多道搭接熔覆涂层。     

Q235焊缝表面镍基合金熔覆层在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

目的 采用激光、等离子熔覆技术在低碳钢焊缝表面制备镍基耐腐蚀涂层,提高钢管焊缝表面的耐蚀性能。方法 通过浸泡腐蚀、动电位极化法、交流阻抗法,研究不同试样在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。利用OM、SEM、EDS和XPS分析腐蚀试样表面、截面的微观组织和腐蚀产物成分。结果 采用激光、等离子熔覆技术均可制得成形良好、表面光滑、无宏观裂纹的涂层,且表现出良好的抗点蚀能力;等离子熔覆层晶粒相较于激光熔覆层晶粒更均匀、细小,析出的碳化物(Cr₂₃C₆、Cr₇C₃)、硼化物(CrB)等硬质点提高了涂层的硬度,对于抗蚀性有着积极的作用。试样的耐蚀性排序为等离子熔覆层>激光熔覆层>基体。浸泡失重腐蚀实验表明,基体、激光熔覆层、等离子熔覆层的腐蚀速率分别为0.182 9、0.125 6、0.102 7 g/(m²·h)。从极化曲线看出,激光熔覆层(-0.503 4 V)、等离子熔覆层(-0.546 6 V)的自腐蚀电位相较于基体(-0.858 4 V)发生了正移。基体、...     

变形铝合金激光熔覆工艺研究

为应用激光熔覆法修复涡桨发动机螺旋桨叶腐蚀损伤，利用CO2连续激光器在LYl2基材表面进行铝基合金粉末熔覆试验。分析了激光功率、扫描速度和光斑直径等工艺参数对熔覆效果的影响，观测了熔覆层的组织特征与性能。结果表明，要获得表面平整、内部无明显缺陷的熔覆层，存在激光功率阈值；熔覆层高度和熔深以及稀释率随激光功率的增加而增大，随扫描速度而降低；熔覆层的宽度主要取决于光斑直径。熔覆层组织为均匀细小的等轴晶，靠近基体界面的位置有较大尺寸的柱状晶存在，晶轴与熔合线垂直，尺寸可达20gm以上。熔覆层的显微硬度在100～110HV之间，较基体降低约30％。     

316L不锈钢表面激光熔覆钴基合金组织及锌蚀机理

采用半导体激光器在316L不锈钢表面制备钴基合金熔覆层,对激光熔覆层的组织形貌、成分、结构及锌蚀机理进行了系统研究.结果表明,选择优化的激光辐照工艺参数,获得的钴基合金熔覆层表面平整、无裂纹、与基材呈良好的冶金结合.钴基合金熔覆层主要由γ-Co,M₂₃C₆及耐腐蚀性能优异的Laves相Co₃Mo₂Si和少量硬质耐磨相Co₆W₆C组成.在460℃熔融锌中腐蚀试验表明,钴基合金熔覆层的锌蚀机理为选择性腐蚀,熔覆层表层出现一层亮白色腐蚀过渡层,在过渡层内钴基固溶体基体优先发生腐蚀,导致Laves相剥落,从而形成了锌液对钴基合金熔覆层的进一步腐蚀.     

TIG熔覆+激光重熔法制备ZrAlNiCu非晶涂层（英文）

为了解决传统激光熔覆非晶方法的不足,进行了TIG熔覆+激光重熔制备非晶涂层的尝试。在对Zr65Ni10Al7.5Cu17.5粉末进行TIG熔覆之后,又对熔覆层进行了激光重熔。TIG熔覆有利于与基材良好的结合、减少裂纹和气孔、有利于熔覆层成分的均匀化,激光重熔又可以提供极快的冷却速度并利于非晶的形成。随后对该涂层进行了微观组织、能谱、相组成、腐蚀性能及显微硬度的分析。整个涂层成分均匀,冶金结合良好,微观组织由晶体与非晶体组成,其中TIG熔覆+激光重熔涂层非晶体所占体积分数高于相同工艺下的传统激光熔覆层;该涂层显微硬度HV较传统激光熔覆层高1330 MPa;腐蚀电位较传统激光熔覆层高0.07 V,腐蚀电流更是降低了10倍以上。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.