基于DIC与Irwin模型的工业纯钛疲劳裂纹尖端循环应变场表征

为了实现工业纯钛TA2疲劳裂纹尖端循环应变场的表征,采用数字图像相关(digital image correlation, DIC)方法并结合Irwin模型,研究了TA2紧凑拉伸试样在多级疲劳载荷下的裂纹扩展规律、循环应变场的实验划分方法以及循环应变环的演化规律。首先通过多级载荷试验获得了TA2紧凑拉伸试样的疲劳裂纹扩展规律,在此基础上结合DIC和Irwin模型,建立了疲劳裂纹尖端循环应变场的实验划分方法,实现了循环塑性区、单调塑性区和弹性区的划分。另一方面,采用DIC获得不同区域的滞回应变环,讨论了不同区域应变环的差异,从而论证了划分方法的有效性,并且揭示了裂纹扩展过程中裂纹尖端应变场从弹性区、单调塑性区到循环塑性区的演化规律。研究工作实现了TA2疲劳裂纹扩展过程中裂纹尖端循环应变场的表征,能够满足疲劳裂纹扩展研究的需要。     

预应变对Zr702/TA2/Q345R复合板低周疲劳行为的影响

研究了预应变对Zr702/TA2/Q345R复合板低周疲劳行为的影响。研究表明,预应变对Zr702/TA2/Q345R复合板微观组织的影响与各层材料的晶体结构有关。在Zr702纯锆和TA2纯钛层中,随着预应变水平提高,滑移带和孪晶明显增多。预应变促进了Zr702/TA2/Q345R复合板的循环软化变形,使应变范围、循环塑性变形程度提高而疲劳寿命降低。预应变后,材料的反向屈服极限降低,棘轮损伤程度因此降低。尽管预应变提高了复合板组成材料的抗裂纹扩展阻力,但复合板在预应变后应变幅提高,加剧了塑性损伤累积,因此疲劳寿命降低。     

预应变对含裂纹钛制压力容器失效评定的影响

为了分析预应变对含裂纹钛制结构完整性的影响,本文综合研究了预应变对工业纯钛拉伸力学性能、断裂韧性及失效评定图的影响。拉伸试验结果表明：工业纯钛的屈服应力和屈强比均随预应变值增大而增大,而塑性变形能力随预应变值增大而减小,同时断裂韧性随预应变增大而降低。对紧凑拉伸CT试样和含裂纹钛制压力容器进行断裂有限元分析,结果表明：裂纹尖端的塑性区随预应变增大而减小,从而导致J积分值随预应变增大而减小。基于BS7910: 2013的失效评定曲线分析发现：选择1曲线和选择3曲线会随着材料预应变而变化,安全区域逐渐减小。因此,随着预应变的增加,失效评定图中屈服应力的储备系数增加,而断裂韧性的储备系数降低。由本文研究可知：预应变会对失效评定产生显著影响,需要将其考虑到含裂纹钛压力容器的完整性评定中。     

扭转预应变对Q345R钢低周疲劳性能影响的研究

采用轴向应变控制法、MTS809电液伺服疲劳试验机开展了扭转预应变后压力容器用Q345R钢的低周疲劳试验,获得了扭转预应变下材料的循环响应特征、应力-应变关系以及疲劳寿命等低周疲劳试验数据。根据应变-寿命曲线和塑性应变能-寿命曲线对试验钢的疲劳寿命进行了预测,两种方法预测结果一致。结果表明:扭转预应变对Q345R钢的疲劳寿命有明显的影响,但对其循环响应特征无明显影响,试验钢具有循环硬化特征。经过预扭转试件的裂纹扩展区出现韧窝,预扭转加速了裂纹扩展速率并增加了最后断裂区面积;而扩展区相应减小,这是预扭转导致疲劳寿命降低的原因。     

316L奥氏体不锈钢非对称载荷下的疲劳与循环塑性行为

对316L奥氏体不锈钢非对称拉-拉疲劳载荷作用下的疲劳和循环塑性行为进行研究。通过疲劳寿命、循环应变幅、平均应变、平均应变率和失效应变的差异划分高、低应力区:在高应力区,平均应变、平均应变率和失效应变大,存在显著的循环塑性变形,疲劳寿命短;在低应力区,循环塑性变形累积有限,疲劳寿命显著增加。通过失效区域的显微组织观察和断口分析发现:在高应力区断口附近产生了大量的孔洞,断口以韧窝为主要特征;在低应力区存在疲劳裂纹,其扩展方向垂直于加载方向,断口由起裂点、疲劳裂纹扩展区、过渡区和快速断裂区组成。316L奥氏体不锈钢高应力区为循环塑性变形主导区,失效形式为循环塑性累积产生的韧性失效;低应力区为疲劳主导区,失效形式为疲劳裂纹扩展失效。     

粉末冶金BeAl材料疲劳性能宏微观分析

用原位SEM观测研究了粉末冶金BeAl材料应力控制的疲劳机制.断裂时,低应力疲劳比高应力的平均累积塑性应变小得多.前者的累积塑性应变变化速率随着循环次数增大明显减小,后者则接近线性变化规律,表明高应力水平下的疲劳损伤累积更接近线性假设.低应力疲劳可从表面观测到一条疲劳主裂纹,由微观尺度下的累积塑性应变控制;高应力水平疲劳加载初期很快有宏观尺度的累积塑性应变,使Be与Al结合相界面同时产生较多裂纹.裂纹主要沿Al和Be结合强度较弱的表面路径扩展,随后沿纵深方向扩展,在材料内部裂纹扩展方向会变为与加载方向平行的Be基滑移面方向.当裂纹达到临界尺寸,局部塑性应变控制变为主应力方向控制,促使裂纹向前方扩展,宏观断口呈现出有层次的撕裂型.     

热疲劳裂纹张开过程的有限元模拟

用有限元方法并考虑材料的多线性随动强化性质对带有裂纹的简单试件模型进行热疲劳分析,研究热疲劳裂纹张开的过程和规律。试件上下端固定,左侧温度按照60℃-240℃-60℃循环,右侧恒温60℃,裂纹位于左侧中部。热疲劳裂纹张开、扩展的直接动力是垂直裂纹面的拉应力,其产生是由于在升温半循环中左侧材料膨胀受压产生压缩塑性变形,经历降温半循环温度回到初始温度60℃时,试件左侧塑性变形不能完全恢复,于是拉应力产生,裂纹张开。在稳定的温度循环下,由于试件左侧塑性变形不断累积,热疲劳裂纹的张开位移和应力强度因子增加,并趋于稳定。     

辊弯成形下塑性应变对挤压态6063 T66铝合金型材疲劳性能的影响（英文）

分析从辊弯成形型材区和预应变材料取样的材料的拉伸塑性应变。利用概率Weibull累积分布(P-S-N曲线)近似高周疲劳的实验数据。利用LS-Dyna程序和实验数据对辊弯成形进行数值模拟，建立疲劳寿命预测模型。材料的循环行为表明，随着静态失效水平的增加，疲劳寿命分布减小。断裂表面的断口形貌分析表明，由于晶界附近的位错积累，拉伸预应变的晶间裂纹水平增加。所提模型预测结果与概率散射带具有良好的相关性(误差低于10%)。     

16MnR钢应变疲劳裂纹扩展速率

本文研究了16MnR钢的应变疲劳裂纹扩展特性,用逐级递增位移双引伸计法测定了16MnR钢的应变疲劳裂纹扩展速率,给出了裂纹扩展速率与循环J积分范围△J,循环裂尖张开位移范围△δt的关系。结果表明,存应变循环条件下,循环J积分与COD这两个相互独立的断裂参量存在着内在的关系:△J=kσ_(?)△δ_t。     

ZTC4钛合金铸件表面缺陷对疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

研究了铸造ZTC4钛合金表面缺陷对恒ΔK下疲劳裂纹扩展路径、速率、塑性应变的影响。采用高分辨透射X射线三维成像法、扫描电镜、网格法对疲劳裂纹扩展路径、形貌和塑性区进行表征。结果表明,疲劳裂纹扩展路径向缺陷位置偏转,缺陷附近裂纹扩展速率明显增加,表面缺陷与疲劳裂纹相交位置塑性变形量相对较大。     

不同疲劳载荷下工业纯钛再结晶热处理对疲劳裂纹扩展行为影响

本文开展热处理后工业纯钛TA2不同载荷水平下疲劳裂纹扩展实验,考虑裂尖塑性变形程度,研究疲劳裂纹扩展规律以及热处理状态对疲劳裂纹扩展不同阶段的适应性。结果表明,不同疲劳载荷下热处理对疲劳扩展速率产生不同的影响。A类加载热处理后的疲劳裂纹扩展速率下降是由于近门槛区有效载荷的降低,以及近门槛值的提高。B类加载下热处理对有效载荷以及裂尖塑性变形几乎没有什么影响。C类与D类加载下热处理后裂尖塑性变形受到限制,而导致疲劳裂纹扩展速率下降。     

EFFECT OF CRACK CLOSURE ON SLOW PROPAGATION IN DUAL-PHASE STEEL

The effect of ferrite content in ferrite-martensite dual-phase steel on the initiation and prop-agation of fatigue crack and the plastic deformation at crack tip has been studied.In the rangeof ferrite content from 24.2 to 41.5％,the optimum seems to be 33.8％,of which the crack ini-tiation will be prolonged,the threshold value increased,the propagation rate decreased and theclosure stress intensity factor increased.As the propagation force is described by effectivestress intensity factor,three steels with various ferrite contents will show the same propagationbehaviour on da/dN vs △ K_(eff)curve.It is shown that the closure effect increases with thedecrease in △K at the fatigue crack tip.When △K equals to △K_(th),the closure effect reachesa maximum value of0.7 in a dual-phase steel with 33.8％ferrite.     

High-cycle fatigue performance of solution-treated metastable-β titanium alloys

The effect of grain boundary misorientation on the high-cycle fatigue performance of solution-treated, metastable-β titanium alloys was investigated. Initial damage during cyclic deformation was associated with the formation of coarse, planar slip bands, these often propagating through several grains without obstruction or redirection when intersecting with a grain boundary. This “continuous” slip through several grains was associated with the presence of a significant number of “low-angle” grain boundaries. Fatigue crack initiation was associated with crack initiation at intersecting planar slip bands at the free surface. The increase in operative slip length occasioned by the presence of low-angle grain boundaries lead to enhanced crack initiation and reduced lifetime. Fatigue crack propagation was characterized by step-like features formed through the interaction of the propagating crack and the coarse slip bands present in the plastic zone ahead of the crack tip. The direction of local fatigue crack propagation was also minimally affected when crossing low-angle grain boundaries.     

Development of a Non-collinear Nonlinear Ultrasonic-Based Technique for the Assessment of Crack Tip Deformation

Non-collinear nonlinear ultrasonic (NCNLU) wave mixing technique has been established to study the localized plastic deformation at the crack tip during fatigue. A pair of ultrasonic shear wave was mixed non-collinearly to obtain a longitudinal wave of frequency equal to the sum of the two shear wave frequencies under a resonant condition. Experiments were carried out on notched 9Cr-1Mo 3-point bend specimen during high-cycle fatigue. The variation of the NCNLU parameter with the stress accumulation at the crack tip during the fatigue crack initiation and propagation and mapping of the deformation zone around the crack tip are described in this paper.     

Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of HT250 Gray Cast Iron for Engine Cylinder Blocks

The strain-controlled low cycle fatigue properties were evaluated on specimens of HT250 gray cast iron (GCI) at room temperature. The material exhibited cyclic stabilization at a low strain amplitude of 0.1% and cyclic softening characteristic at higher strain amplitudes (0.15-0.30%). At a representative total strain amplitude (0.30%), the hysteresis loops of HT250 GCI were asymmetric with a large amount of plastic deformation in the compressive phases. Furthermore, the hysteresis loop became larger in both width and height with increasing total strain amplitude (from 0.10 to 0.30%), and tended to exhibit a clockwise rotation. The fatigue crack propagation mechanisms were different at various total strain amplitudes, where high stress concentration due to dislocation pile-up favored fatigue crack initiation in the examined HT250. Finally, the roughness-induced crack closure was a key to determine the crack growth rate as well as fatigue life.     

FATIGUE CRACK GSOWTH AND CRACK CLOSURE OF SIMULATED OVER-MATCHED WELDED JOINTS

1.~onItiswellknownthatthefatigUefailureisoneofthecornmonfailuresinmetalstructuresincludingweldedstmctures.VariousformulaehavebeensuggestedtopredictfatigUecrackgrowthrates,andthosewidelyusedinpracticeareasfollows:da/dN=cI(AK)acda/dN=c2(ACOD)?/dN=c3(AJ)%FortnulaeaboverelatedfatigUecrackgrowthrate(da/dN)eitherwiththerangeofstressintensityfactor(isK),orwiththerangeofcrackopeningdisplacement(ACOD),orwiththerangeofJ--intendvalue(6J)ofafatigUeloadcycle.However,sincethediscoverybyW.Elb..['…     

喷丸残余应力对裂纹闭合效应影响的数值仿真

基于裂纹闭合效应,利用ABAQUS软件建立用于预测残余应力场中疲劳裂纹扩展特性的弹塑性有限元模型。考虑塑性和残余应力场对裂纹闭合的作用,分析残余应力、应力比和裂尖单元尺寸对裂纹闭合效应的影响。研究结果表明:未喷丸试样的裂纹闭合类型为塑性诱导裂纹闭合,喷丸残余应力场中的裂纹闭合为塑性和残余压应力共同作用,且裂纹张开力的大小与残余应力的分布相对应;正应力比越大,裂纹闭合效应越不明显,疲劳裂纹扩展速率越快;裂尖单元尺寸小于塑性区范围时可以真实反映裂尖的闭合状态;喷丸残余压应力通过提高裂纹闭合力,增强裂纹闭合效应,抑制疲劳裂纹扩展。     

Cu-Cr-Zr合金的低周疲劳行为

通过室温低周疲劳(LCF)试验研究了Cu-Cr-Zr合金的低周疲劳性能和循环变形行为,利用电子背散射衍射、透射电镜和扫描电镜分别分析了合金循环变形前后的微观结构和疲劳断口。结果表明:Cu-Cr-Zr合金的弹性应变幅、塑性应变幅与断裂时的循环周次之间的关系可分别用Basquin和Coffin-Manson公式表示。Cu-Cr-Zr合金在高外加总应变幅(Δε_t/2=0.6%)的疲劳变形后期会出现循环硬化现象,循环变形组织为位错墙、位错团簇、亚结构胞状组织的混合结构,并且观察到了孪晶的形成。此外,所选材料在外加总应变幅为0.4%时的疲劳断口呈现多疲劳源特征,疲劳裂纹扩展区中观察到了大量的撕裂棱、韧窝、以及犁沟。