夹杂物尺寸及分布对FGH97高温合金低周疲劳性能的影响

利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、金相显微镜、低周疲劳试验机研究了镍基粉末高温合金FGH97材料650℃低周疲劳性能与断口夹杂物尺寸、面积及分布的关系。结果表明:FGH97热等静压材料低周疲劳裂纹源主要由非金属夹杂物引起。非金属夹杂物尺寸小于临界值(约80μm)时,夹杂物尺寸和位置对650℃最大应力980 MPa低周疲劳寿命无明显影响,疲劳寿命均值达到190 992周次。当夹杂物尺寸超过临界值(约80μm)时,则夹杂物尺寸越大,越靠近表面,低周疲劳寿命越低。因此,控制夹杂物尺寸是提高FGH97高温合金低周疲劳寿命的有效方法。     

FGH97高温合金不同控制模式低周疲劳性能研究

研究了氩气雾化制粉+热等静压+热处理的全尺寸FGH97合金盘件不同位置组织、650℃拉伸性能、应力和应变控制方式低周疲劳性能及其断口形貌，结果表明：盘件不同位置晶粒度、γ′相尺寸形貌相似，650℃抗拉强度在1325-1340MPa间，650℃屈服强度1010-1025MPa。应力控制低周疲劳寿命（Nf）均值约200000周次，Weibull分布尺度因子η=215194，尺寸＜80μm的夹杂物对Nf影响不明显。应变控制Nf＜20000周次时，η=14622，Nf＞20000周次时，η=44342；夹杂物面积变化引起Nf值Weibull分布特征值β不同。两种控制方式下，疲劳断口裂纹源都主要由夹杂物引起，断口形貌无明显差异。应变控制对夹杂物更敏感。     

一种新型第三代单晶高温合金WZ30组织与性能的研究

本文通过热力学计算和实验验证优化了W、Mo、Co、Cr、Al、Ta等元素在单晶高温合金中的含量,设计了Re含量为5 wt%的新型单晶高温合金WZ30,并与典型二代、三代单晶高温合金进行了比较。结果表明,WZ30经热处理后获得均匀的γ′相显微组织,在760℃、980℃和1100℃下WZ30的屈服强度分别为938MPa、639MPa和436MPa,温度高于1000℃时拉伸性能优于二代单晶高温合金。在980℃/250MPa和1100℃/137MPa实验条件下,WZ30的持久寿命分别为642h和254h,持久寿命明显优于二代单晶高温合金。WZ30的低周疲劳寿命在980℃下明显优于二代单晶高温合金DD6。在高温长时间循环氧化实验中,WZ30显示出较好的抗氧化性和组织稳定性。     

热等静压对K4169高温合金组织与性能的影响

对K4169高温合金铸件后处理工艺进行研究,通过拉伸试验、持久和疲劳测试,并结合光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析,研究热等静压处理对合金组织和综合力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:1165℃、4 h、140 MPa热等静压处理可有效消除铸态组织中的显微疏松和Laves相;与直接进行标准热处理相比,对合金进行热等静压处理后再进行固溶、时效处理,合金组织中γ″相数量增加,尺寸和分布更加均匀。由于显微组织的改善,合金室温和650℃抗拉强度和塑性均明显提高,650℃、620 MPa持久寿命由27 h延长至93h,低周疲劳性能显著改善。     

热处理工艺对一种新型铸造镍基高温合金的组织和性能影响

通过改变固溶热处理温度、保温时间和固溶后冷却方式,研究了不同固溶热处理工艺对一种新型铸造高温合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明,将合金在不同温度固溶处理2 h后空冷,合金在760℃,660 MPa和980℃,180 MPa条件下的持久寿命随热处理温度的升高先升高而后降低;固溶处理温度为1220℃时,760℃,660 MPa条件下的持久寿命达到最高;固溶处理温度为1180℃时,980℃,180 MPa条件下的持久寿命最高;当热处理温度从1120℃升高到1220℃时,拉伸强度随温度升高而增加,继续升温到1240℃,拉伸强度下降.当固溶热处理温度为1120℃,处理时间在2-8 h范围内变化时,合金在760℃,660 MPa条件下的持久寿命随时间延长而降低,而在980℃,180 MPa条件下的持久寿命随处理时间延长而升高;当热处理时间为2和4 h时,拉伸强度较高;延长到6和8 h时,拉伸强度下降.当冷却方式不同时,合金持久性能也发生变化.γ′相和γ/γ′共晶组织在尺寸、形态、分布和数量上的变化是导致合金力学性能变化的关键因素.     

NiCrAlYSi涂层对IC10合金力学性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀技术在IC10合金基体上制备出厚度为30μm的NiCrAlYSi涂层,研究NiCrAlYSi涂层对IC10合金拉伸、持久、疲劳性能的影响.结果表明,IC10合金沉积NiCrAlYSi涂层后,在980℃,200MPa高温持久寿命与IC10合金相当,在900℃的高温抗拉伸强度σb、屈服强度σ0.2、延伸率δ和面缩率ψ与基体相比,基本保持不变:室温抗拉伸强度σb.屈服强度σ0.2与基体相比稍有下降,在800℃,447MPa疲劳寿命与基体合金相当,即IC10合金沉积NiCrAlYSi涂层后,对IC10合金力学性能基本没有影响,满足使用要求.     

粉末冶金高温合金FGH97的低周疲劳断裂特征

研究了粉末冶金镍基高温合金FGH97在650℃,30—980 MPa,1 Hz实验条件下的低周疲劳断口的宏观及微观特征,裂纹源的类型及其形貌特征,以及裂纹源的位置、缺陷类型、形状和尺寸对低周疲劳寿命的影响.结果表明,在本次实验条件下该合金的低周疲劳寿命均超过了5000 cyc;统计得出,低周疲劳断口裂纹源在表面的试样占23%,在亚表面的占47%,在试样内部的占30%;裂纹源分平台、粉末颗粒、夹杂物3种类型,其中平台类型约占5%,粉末颗粒间断裂占15%,夹杂物占80%.由统计分析和计算得出,不同类型裂纹源对疲劳寿命的影响程度不同:夹杂物最严重,其次为异常粉末颗粒,再次为局部塑性变形.     

新型第三代粉末高温合金FGH100L的显微组织与力学性能

采用喷射成形(SF)+热等静压(HIP)+等温锻造(IF)+热处理(HT)工艺制备第三代粉末高温合金FGH100L。研究固溶热处理温度和制备工艺对FGH100L合金的显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,SF+HIP+IF态FGH100L合金显微组织对固溶温度的变化非常敏感,随固溶温度的升高(1110～1170℃),合金的晶粒尺寸长大,γ'强化相的尺寸先增加后减小,其硬度、室温/高温拉伸强度和塑性均呈先增大后减小的趋势。在固溶温度为1130℃时,FGH100L合金中3种尺寸的γ'相的数量平衡匹配较为合理,合金的显微组织特征最佳,合金的硬度和室温/高温拉伸性能均最高。且该温度下,FGH100L合金经SF、SF+HIP+HT和SF+HIP+IF+HT不同工艺处理后,晶粒尺寸先增大后减小;晶粒形貌发生了近球形-多边形-近球形的转变;SF+HIP+HT态合金晶粒尺寸增大,晶界弯曲程度较低。由于SF+HIP+IF+HT工艺使FGH100L合金发生再结晶,细化了晶粒,出现链状组织,形成弯曲晶界,合金具有更高的屈服强度;在SF+HIP+HT和SF+HIP+IF+HT工艺下合金的室温拉伸断口从沿晶脆性断裂转变为穿晶-沿晶混合断裂,高温拉伸断口为沿晶断裂。     

热处理冷速对FGH97盘件显微组织和蠕变性能的影响

对FGH97粉末高温合金盘件进行热处理,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和蠕变试验机研究了不同固溶冷速下合金的显微组织、蠕变性能和蠕变机制。研究表明:随固溶冷速的增加,γ′相尺寸减小,富Ti、Nb、Hf的MC型碳化物由连续析出变为颗粒状弥散析出。在750℃/450 MPa蠕变试验条件下,固溶冷速为94℃/min的样品性能明显优于43℃/min。FGH97粉末高温合金在750℃/450MPa条件下的蠕变机制为位错切割γ′相,在晶界处产生应力集中导致裂纹的萌生,裂纹沿着晶界碳化物扩展,最终导致材料的断裂。弥散颗粒状分布的碳化物能有效抑制微裂纹的贯通。     

K439B铸造高温合金800℃长期时效组织与性能演变

对K439B合金开展800℃、3000 h长期时效,研究合金显微组织及力学性能的演变,分析室温拉伸及815℃、379 MPa持久性能的变形机制。结果表明：热处理态K439B合金中的γ’相呈球状,晶界存在MC及M₂₃C₆ 2种碳化物,而枝晶间仅存在MC碳化物。在800℃长期时效过程中,γ’相的粗化遵循Ostwald熟化机制且形貌趋于立方化,γ′相粗化速率为71.7 nm³/h;晶界和枝晶间MC碳化物发生退化,M₂₃C₆碳化物析出含量逐渐增加。时效3000 h后晶界γ’相与M₂₃C₆碳化物存在■的位向关系。热处理态合金的室温抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为1159.0和911.5 MPa,815℃、379 MPa持久寿命为150.4 h。长期时效后γ’相尺寸增加使得位错的运动方式由以位错在基体中滑移为主向位错切入γ′相为主转变,γ′相中出现了更多的堆垛层错,合金室温拉伸强度和815℃、379 MPa持久寿命均降低。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

FORMULAS OF TENSION OF CONTINUOUS ROLLING PROCESS

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.     

A Concordant Shift Model for Flow in Bulk Metallic Glasses

The homogeneous plastic flow in bulk metallic glasses(BMGs) must be elucidated by an appropriate atomistic mechanism. It is proposed that a so-called concordant shifting model, based on rearrangements of five-atom subclusters,can describe the plastic strain behaviour of BMGs in a temperature range from room temperature to the supercooled liquid region. To confirm the effectiveness of the atomic concordant shifting model, a comparative investigation between the vacancy/atom model and the concordant shifting model is carried out based on the estimation of the strain rate deduced from two models. Our findings suggest that the atomic concordant shifting model rather than the vacancy/atom exchange model can well predict the large strain rate in the superplasticity of BMGs.