应用智能方法建立Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金的本构关系(英文)

利用Thermecmastor-Z热模拟机进行Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V钛合金在不同工艺参数(变形温度800,850,900,1000,1050°C,应变速率0.01,0.1,1,10s-1)条件下的热模拟压缩试验,研究变形温度和应变速率对Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V钛合金流变应力的影响。以试验数据为基础,应用BP神经网络算法原理,建立该合金的高温流动应力与变形温度、应变和应变速率对应关系的高温本构关系预测模型。结果表明,运用神经网络方法建立的Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V钛合金本构关系模型具有较高的预测精度,与试验结果吻合良好。此外,运用Visual Basic可视化编程语言设计并开发了具有神经网络功能的用户界面。     

热加工过程中2种原始组织的Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr合金变形行为（英文）

采用等温压缩试验研究不同原始组织对Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr合金流动应力、应变速率敏感性指数、应变硬化指数和表观变形激活能的影响。结果表明:原始组织为片层组织的Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr合金具有更高的峰值应力和流动软化效应,当变形温度高于或等于810°C、应变速率为0.1~5.0 s-1时,原始组织为等轴组织的Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr合金存在初始屈服现象。当应变为0.5~0.7、变形温度较低、应变速率为0.01 s-1时,原始组织为等轴组织的Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr合金的应变速率敏感性指数值较大,这主要归因于其显微组织演变特征。隋着变形的进行,原始组织为片层组织的Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr合金发生了α片层弯曲和动态球化现象,这使得其应变硬化指数变化显著。当应变为0.15~0.55时,原始组织为片层组织的Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr合金的表观变形激活能更大。     

Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金高温变形流动应力预测模型

通过高温压缩模拟实验,分析了Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金在变形温度为850～1100℃,应变速率为0.01～10 s-1条件下的高温变形力学行为规律,并利用线性回归方法计算了不同温度范围内的应力指数n和变形激活能Q,获得了该合金高温变形力学行为计算模型.结果表明,Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金对变形温度和应变速率非常敏感.在恒温时流动应力随应变速率的增大而增大,在恒应变速率时随变形温度的升高而降低.在850～950℃时,n、Q分别为7.0874和610.463 kJ/mol;而在950～1100℃时,n=4.7324,Q=238.030 kJ/mol,该预测模型的计算值与实测值之间的相对误差分别为6.341%和6.957%.     

温度及应变速率对Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金临界损伤因子的影响

以变形温度及应变速率对铸态Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金临界损伤因子的影响为研究目标,完成多组该合金试样的热物理模拟压缩实验,利用采集到的真实应力一应变数据作为数值计算的底层材料模型而完成物理实验的仿真再现.发现最大损伤值总是出现在墩粗鼓最外缘部位,并以此部位作为研究区域,获得损伤敏感率在变形初期快速下降至后期逐步趋于0的损伤软化规律,而损伤软化现象对应变速率较为敏感.提出损伤敏感率的概念并完成该指标的计算,通过对损伤敏感率曲线进行分析,从而确定了损伤敏感率为0即裂纹产生的时刻,并将该时刻的最大损伤值作为临界损伤因子.计算出Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金材料在温度1073 ～1323 K、应变速率为0.01 ～ 10 s-1下临界损伤因子分布规律,结果表明其不是一个常数,而是一个在0.229 ～0.572范围内变化的变量,其随工艺条件(温度、应变速率)的改变而改变.     

钛合金在汽车上的应用和展望

综述了近三十年来国外汽车用钛合金的研究开发现状汽车用钛合金包括Ti-5Al-2Cr-1Fe,Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo,Ti-6Al-4V,Ti-3Al-2.5V,Ti-6Al-4V/TiB,Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Nb-Mo-Si/TiB,Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo4Zr,Ti-6V-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo,Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si,Ti-6Al-2.7Sn-4Zr-0.4Mo-0.45Si,Ti-3Al-2V-0.2S-0.47Ce-0.27La,Ti-6Al-1.7Fe-0.1Si/10TiB,Ti-4.5Fe-6.8Mo-1.5Al/10TiB,Ti-6Al-2Fe-0.1Si等.估计到2001年,全世界汽车用钛合金将达到6000t.     

Ti-6．5Al-3．5Mo-1．5Zr-0．3Si合金本构关系的BP神经网络模型

利用THERMECMASTOR-Z型热力模拟试验机,在变形温度为780～1 080 ℃,应变速率为0.001～70.0 s-1条件下对Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si合金进行等温恒应变速率压缩试验,获得不同变形温度、不同应变速率和不同真应变下的流动应力数据.结合试验数据和神经网络知识,构建了采用BP算法的人工神经网络,训练结束后的神经网络即成为Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si合金的一个知识基的本构关系模型.利用所建立的BP网络模型对材料的流动应力进行了预测,发现预测值与试验数据吻合良好,说明该BP网络本构关系模型具有较高的精度,可用于指导Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si合金热加工工艺的制定.     

Influence of heat treatment on microstrucmre and damage tolerance property in Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V

The influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and damage tolerance property of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V titanium alloy was investigated. The large-thickness Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V titanium alloy plate was produced by β-processing, following with duplex anneal in （α＋β） phase field and β anneal, respectively. The fatigue crack propagation rate（da/dN） test and the fracture toughness（Kit） test of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V were performed. The results show that the annealing in （α＋β） phase field, with increasing anneal temperature, prior β grain size and a colony size of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V remained constant approximately, a lamella mean size increases gradually; KIC increases and da/dN decreases respectively; when annealing in β phase field, prior β grain size and a colony size increases sharply, da/dN decreases drastically, β anneal is better than anneal in （α＋β） phase field as to improve the damage tolerance property of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V.     

β-CEZ合金和Ti-6Al-4V合金疲劳性能和断裂性能的比较

近来由于飞机高强框架和喷气发动机元件用β-Ti合金取代α β钛合金。因此，德国的J.D.PETERS和他的老师G.LUTJERING教授比较了高强β-CEZ钛合金和α β的Ti-6Al-4V合金的疲劳和断裂特性，β-Ti合金如Ti-17(Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr)和Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al已分别被用作喷气发动机压缩机和起落架材料，主要是因为它们的强度高于Ti-6Al-4V合金。他们首先比较了喷气发动机常用的Ti-6Al-4V合金和新近研制的β-CEZ(Ti-5Al-2Sn-4Zr-4Mo-2Cr-1Fe)合金的疲劳和断裂特性，以及屈服强度等性能，由于断裂韧性是压缩机和起落架构件设计…     

Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金β锻动态再结晶(英文)

通过热压缩实验研究Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V钛合金在变形温度为1000～1100°C,应变速率为10-3～1.0s-1的条件下的动态再结晶行为。结果表明:在变形温度高于1050°C、应变速率低于0.01s-1时,合金的动态再结晶机制以不连续动态再结晶为主;在变形温度低于1050°C、应变速率高于0.01s-1时,合金的动态再结晶机制以连续动态再结晶为主,同时存在少量的不连续动态再结晶。此外,降低应变速率和升高变形温度均能促进动态再结晶进程并使β变形晶粒细化。     

Ta含量对Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo-xTa合金力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响

系统研究了Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo-x Ta(x=0,0.2,0.5,1.0,3.0,5.0)合金的微观组织、拉伸性能、夏比冲击韧性和耐海水腐蚀性。结果表明,经α+β两相区锻造后,Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo-5Ta合金获得片层组织,Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo-x Ta(x=0,0.2,0.5,1.0,3.0)均获得双态组织。XRD、TEM和选区电子衍射表明,在添加Ta元素后,Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo-x Ta合金没有新相产生。对于双态组织Ti-6Al-3Nb-Zr-1M0-x Ta合金,随着Ta含量的增加,其Mo当量逐渐增加,导致其屈服强度、抗拉强度和显微硬度均有所提高。而Ta含量对冲击吸收功的影响规律与屈服强度和抗拉强度的影响规律相反,其大小与冲击断口剪切唇区面积一致。当Ta含量超过1.0%(质量分数)时,由于α和β相之间的标准平衡电位差逐渐增大,Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo-x Ta合金的耐海水腐蚀逐渐降低。综合考虑强度、冲击韧性和耐海水腐蚀性能,Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo-1Ta合金综合匹配性最好,具有良好的海洋工程应用潜力。     

Electrical conductivity of 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 clay minerals

The A.C. impedance plots were used as tools to analyze the electrical response of two varieties of Tunisian halloysite 1: 1 and illitic samples 2: 1 as a function of frequency at different temperatures (80–800°C). The real and imaginary parts of the complex impedance trace semicircles in the complex plane. Except for the illite, It-1, the second sample analyzed in this study, these plots give evidence for the presence of both bulk and grain boundary effect, above 600°C onwards. The bulk resistance of the materials decreases with the rise in temperature. Impedance Spectroscopy data reveal a non-Debye type of dielectric relaxation. The Nyquist plots show the negative temperature coefficient of resistance of both pure Tunisian illite and halloysite samples. The results of bulk electrical conductivity and its activation energy are presented for the two mineral clay samples. For illite It-1, the activation energy values estimated from the AC conductivity pattern and modulus pattern are very similar and suggest a possibility of a long-range mobility of charge carriers (ions) via hopping mechanism of electrical transport processes at higher temperature. On the other hand, for the halloysite sample provided from kasserine, (Ha-Kass), the modulus analysis admit that the electrical transport processes of the material are very likely of electronic nature. Relaxation frequencies follow an Arrhenius behavior with the activation energy values not comparable to those found for the electrical conductivity.     

20Cr1Mo1V1钢的分级时效工艺研究

研究了 2 0Cr1Mo1V1钢的强韧化工艺。所优化出的分级时效工艺能使其强度和韧性达到质保书的要求。     

Stabilization of extended stacking faults by {1 1 1}/{1 1 2} twin junction interactions

Extended stacking faults, with lengths of up to 10 nm, that join {1 1 1}/{1 1 2} twin-boundary junctions were observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) in gold thin films. Circuit analysis shows that these defects possess a Burgers vector of 1/3〈1 1 1〉. In order to explain the generation of these extended defects, we consider the behavior of 1/3〈1 1 1〉 dislocations at {1 1 1}- and {1 1 2}-type twin boundaries and near {1 1 1}/{1 1 2} twin-boundary junctions using HRTEM observations and theoretical modeling. By establishing the interaction forces that lead to this defect configuration, our analysis shows that the relief of intrinsic strain at the junction corners, which results from the incompatibility of the translation states at the intersecting boundaries, is sufficient to stabilize the stacking fault extension. Because grain–boundary junctions possess intrinsic strain fields whenever they join boundaries with incompatible translation states, similar mechanisms for stacking fault emission may arise between other closely spaced grain–boundary junctions.     

A contribution to the crystallochemistry of ternary 1:1:1 and 1:1:2 rare earth intermetallic phases with Pb and Pd

The ternary alloys of the rare earths with lead and palladium were studied for the stoichiometric ratios 1:1:1 and 1:1:2 with respect to the structure of these alloys and their existence field. RPbPd (R = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) compounds have a hexagonal structure, hP9 Fe₂P type, while RPbPd₂ (R = Pr, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb) alloys have the cubic AlCu₂Mn-type structure (cF16, BiF₃ superstructure).     

1Cr12Ni2W1Mo1V钢等离子淬火后的疲劳行为

采用模拟点蚀坑试样,研究了等离子淬火不同温度回火1Cr12Ni2W1Mo1V钢疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展行为.结果表明,由于等离子淬火的晶粒细化作用和在试样表面引入的残余压应力,提高了末级叶片用钢裂纹萌生抗力.比较两种回火温度试样试验结果,250 ℃回火试样裂纹萌生和扩展抗力均优于540 ℃回火试样.本研究结果为选择合适的热处理工艺提供了理论依据.     

有机阴离子转运多肽1B1的遗传药理学进展

人体存在多种类型的药物转运体,对于药物的吸收、分布和排泄起重要作用。参与药物跨膜转运的转运体功能受影响,将可能导致诸多临床药物的疗效、毒副作用甚至药物相互作用的发生。在各种影响因素中,遗传多态性所起的作用最为重要,可导致基因表达和蛋白功能发生改变。目前,阐明转运体基因的多态性以及基因型与表型之间的相互关系已成为应用遗传信息指导临床个体化用药的必要步骤。本文就肝脏有机阴离子转运多肽1B1(OATP1B1[OATP-C],编码基因SLCO1B1)基因多态性对药代动力学和药效动力学的影响及其临床意义等方面的进展作一综述。     

Variability in Co2 Oxidation Resistance of 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo and 1 Cr 1/2 Mo Steels

Abstract

Oxidation tests in CO₂ atmospheres on nominally identical casts of low alloy steels have revealed wide variation in oxidation resistance. A study has been made of the influence of chemical composition, mechanical and thermal treatment, and remelting on the CO₂ oxidation behaviour of steels of the 21/4 Cr 1 Mo and 1 Cr 1/2 Mo type.

Statistical analyses of CO₂ oxidation results have shown a strong positive correlation of oxidation rate with sulphur content in certain instances, but a number of anomalies have been found. A similar relationship has been obtained between ‘MnS’ content and oxidation rate by area count studies of the inclusions in a range of 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo steels. These have also indicated a possible effect of ‘MnS’ particle size and particle size distribution which could account for some of the anomalous results obtained in the statistical work. Conventional solid state heat treatments appear to have no significant effect on the oxidation behaviour of 2 1/2 Cr 1 Mo and while remelting in argon did not generally improve oxidation behaviour, remelting in vacuo followed by forging and rolling resulted in a material of high oxidation resistance.