深冷处理对Al—Cu合金时效的影响

对经固溶后深冷处理48h随后在190℃保温时效的Al-Cu合金进行了研究,测定了时效硬化曲线,用金相分析,扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段研究了时效过程中深冷处理引起的显微组织结构的变化。结果表明,Al-Cu合金时效过程中深冷态硬度变化平缓而未经深冷的波动较大,深冷处理后析出相细小且弥散分布,深冷处理缩短时效过渡相的孕育期从而促进铝合金的时效过程。     

深冷处理对ZL109组织与性能的影响

对ZL109铝合金进行深冷处理,并观察显微组织和力学性能的变化,结果发现,深冷处理有预时效的作用,促使组织中的第二相析出,经过深冷处理后的ZL109铝合金的性能明显得到提高.     

深冷处理对LC4铝合金热物理性能的影响

利用电导仪和热膨胀仪测试了深冷处理前后LC4铝合金的电导率和热膨胀系数,并探讨了深冷处理对LC4铝合金热物理性能的影响.结果表明:深冷处理能降低退火LC4铝合金的电导率,改变热膨胀系数随温度的变化规律.当温度低于158.57℃时,深冷处理合金的热膨胀系数较相同温度下退火合金的高；高于158.57℃时,较退火合金的低.与深冷处理相比,LC4铝合金经深冷处理+时效后的电导率略有增大,但热膨胀系数随温度的变化规律变化不大.     

深冷处理对6061铝合金冷金属过渡焊接接头组织和力学性能的影响

对6061铝合金板材进行了冷金属过渡(CMT)焊接试验,并对焊接接头进行了不同时间的深冷处理,分析了深冷处理时间对6061铝合金冷金属过渡焊接接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明:深冷处理对改善焊接接头焊缝区性能有显著效果。深冷处理后焊接接头焊缝区有更多的第二相析出,焊接接头的抗拉强度、伸长率和焊缝显微硬度都得到提高,30 h深冷处理后接头的抗拉强度、伸长率和焊缝显微硬度达到最大值,分别为212.4 MPa、12.65%、93.1 HV。     

深冷处理在ZL204铝合金中的应用

研究了不同深冷处理工艺对ZL204铝合金力学性能以及残余应力消除效果的影响。结果表明,固溶后直接进行深冷处理,然后再进行人工时效时,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率与未深冷相比均得到一定的提升。另外,深冷处理的残余应力消除效果明显好于传统的去应力时效以及时效+循环热处理。ZL204铝合金最佳的残余应力消除工艺为540 ℃×9 h固溶,60 ℃水淬+-196 ℃×1 h深冷,在空气中放置1 h+175 ℃×3 h人工时效,空冷。     

95Cr18不锈钢的深冷处理

研究了深冷处理对95Cr18不锈钢显微组织、力学性能及耐腐蚀性的影响.结果表明,深冷处理可以显著降低钢中的残留奥氏体量,析出更多的细小碳化物颗粒,提高钢的硬度及耐磨性;耐腐蚀性略有提高,但冲击功有所下降.95Cr18不锈钢在Mf点温度(-70～-90 ℃)进行深冷处理即可,继续降低深冷温度或进行两次深冷处理,并不能进一步改善其组织和性能.经过试验比较,95Cr18不锈钢经1 050 ℃淬火后1 h内进行-70～-90 ℃深冷处理(保温1～2 h),处理后1 h内进行160 ℃回火,效果较好.     

深冷处理对15%SiCp/2009铝基复合材料组织与力学性能的影响

采用硬度测试、X射线衍射物相分析、力学性能测试和透射电镜(TEM)观测等方式,研究长时间深冷处理对固溶-时效处理的碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响,并从材料组织角度分析了深冷处理改善碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料力学性能的机理。结果表明,与未经深冷处理的时效态铝基复合材料相比,经深冷处理的铝基复合材料试样提前2 h达到硬度峰值,约211.7 HV0.1,且整个时效阶段硬度均高于未深冷处理试样;时效早期(欠时效)阶段,经深冷时效处理的颗粒增强铝基复合材料试样组织中存在细小且均匀分布的针状析出相,而对比时效试样组织未见明显析出现象; 过时效阶段中,深冷-时效试样与时效试样均存在大尺寸析出相,且后者析出相尺寸、分布明显不均匀,但两者的力学性能随时效时间的延长而趋于近乎一致,说明深冷处理的影响降低。     

深冷及时效处理对Mg-7.5Li-3.5Zn-2Y合金组织及力学性能的影响

采用往复挤压和正挤压制备了Mg-7.5Li-3.5Zn-2Y合金30 mm×1 mm厚的带材,对比研究了合金带材经过时效、深冷和时效+深冷处理的组织与性能。结果表明,时效和深冷处理有利于促进第二相沉淀析出,时效+深冷处理工艺可以显著提高镁锂合金的综合力学性能,但要控制合金的时效处理温度和时间以及深冷处理的时间。合金带材经过200℃×2 h时效和-196℃×60 h深冷处理后材料的综合性能最佳,抗拉强度为213 MPa,伸长率为20%,可以满足板材室温大塑性变形对材料综合力学性能的要求。     

热处理对铸态60NiTi合金第二相析出与硬度的影响

利用OM、XRD、SEM、EDS和DSC等分析测试手段研究了不同热处理方式对60NiTi合金中第二相析出,及其对马氏体转变和硬度的影响。结果表明:固溶后水淬处理能显著提高铸态60NiTi合金的硬度,但炉冷处理却显著降低合金的硬度。400℃时效略微降低固溶后水冷合金的硬度,但长时间时效对硬度的影响不大。Ni_3Ti相的大量固溶是固溶水冷处理显著提高铸态合金硬度的原因,而固溶后炉冷合金硬度下降则来源于更多Ni_3Ti相的析出。60NiTi合金的硬度取决于马氏体转变发生的难易程度。     

深冷处理温度对Cr12MoV合金钢表面硬度与耐磨性的影响

淬硬模具钢Cr12MoV因硬度、强度高以及淬透性好等特点在大尺寸模具制造中被广泛应用，但在高循环应力和大冲击载荷的服役工况下，其耐磨性有待进一步提高。热处理可以在不改变材料成分的基础上通过改变内部组织来改善材料的强度、硬度和耐磨性，进而提升其使用性能。本论文研究了深冷处理温度对Cr12MoV合金硬度和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明，Cr12MoV合金经过深冷处理之后，表面硬度较未深冷处理试样高1～2个HRC，并且-65℃深冷处理之后摩擦系数从0.7下降至0.59,-196℃深冷处理之后摩擦系数进一步下降至0.54，磨损体积降低了五倍，而合金在不同温度下深冷处理之后表面硬度和磨损体积变化不大，从原子力显微镜观察到-196℃深冷处理的样品表面有更细小、弥散的物相析出。结合相关理论阐述了深冷处理的作用机制，为Cr12MoV合金的生产和应用提供理论指导。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis