奥氏体型Fe—Cr—Mn（M,V）合金相稳定性研究

通过形变加工和长期时效热处理，研究了（Ｃ＋Ｎ）复合强化的Ｆｅ－１３Ｃｒ－１７Ｍｎ（Ｍ，Ｖ）奥氏体合金的稳定性和相平衡特点，结果表明：在５００℃以下合金奥氏体稳定，不发生γ→α转变。采用（Ｃ＋Ｎ）复合添加晶粒细化，可有效抑制ε马氏体形成和σ相析出。５００～７００℃长期时效后形变诱发大量碳化物析出，Ｍｓ点提高，加快形变诱发α马氏体分解和再结晶，促使γ→α转变和σ相析出，合金奥氏体变得不稳定。     

亚稳奥氏体型Fe-Cr-Mn(W,V)合金的组织稳定性研究

通过对形变奥氏体组织进行长期时效观察合金相演化过程 ,研究了低放射性亚稳奥氏体Fe Cr Mn(W ,V)合金的组织稳定性。实验表明 :合金在高于 40 0℃时 ,相平衡处在γ α σ三相区 ,低于 40 0℃可以保证亚稳奥氏体的稳定性。亚稳奥氏体可以发生γ→ε→α′→α转变也可以发生γ→γ(f)→α′(f)→α转变 ,ε马氏体不是γ→α转变的唯一中间过渡相。形变诱发ε马氏体形成过程中伴随奥氏体晶粒碎化 ,可产生细晶强化作用 ,这是开发亚稳奥氏体Fe Cr Mn合金的重要途径。     

亚稳奥氏体型Fe—Cr—Mn（W,V）合金的组织稳定性研究

通过对形变奥氏体组织进行长期时效观察合金相演化过程，研究了低放射性亚稳奥氏体Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－ｎ（Ｗ，Ｖ）合金的组织稳定性。实验表明：合金在高于４００℃时，相平衡处在γ＋α＋α三相区，低于４００℃可以保证亚稳奥氏体的稳定性。亚稳奥氏体可以发生γ→α→α转变也可以发生γ→γ（ｆ）→＇（ｆ）→α转变，ε马氏体不是γ→α转变的唯一中间过渡相。形变诱发ε马氏体形成过程中伴随奥氏体晶粒碎化，可产生细晶强化作用，这     

254SMo和2507超级不锈钢中的σ析出相北大核心CSCD

通过JMat Pro软件,计算预测254SMo超级奥氏体不锈钢(SASS)和2507超级双相不锈钢(SDSS)中σ相的热力学析出条件,并制定了不同的热处理制度;同时借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜等手段分析研究了经不同温度时效不同时间后σ析出相的形态及析出机理。结果表明:254SMo SASS在1020℃不同时效时间下,在晶界上析出富含Cr、Mo和低Ni的σ相。随着时效时间增加,σ相数量增多、尺寸增大,且呈短棒状、长条状和胞状等形态,并按照γ→σ方式析出;2507 SDSS在950℃不同时效时间下,在α/γ界面和α/α晶界处析出富含Cr、Mo和更低水平Ni的σ相。随着时效时间增加,σ相数量增多,向铁素体内部长大并最终呈网状分布在奥氏体基体上,且伴有二次奥氏体(γ_2)生成,其是按照α→σ+γ_2方式析出。     

254SMo和2507超级不锈钢中的σ析出相

通过JMat Pro软件,计算预测254SMo超级奥氏体不锈钢(SASS)和2507超级双相不锈钢(SDSS)中σ相的热力学析出条件,并制定了不同的热处理制度;同时借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜等手段分析研究了经不同温度时效不同时间后σ析出相的形态及析出机理。结果表明:254SMo SASS在1020℃不同时效时间下,在晶界上析出富含Cr、Mo和低Ni的σ相。随着时效时间增加,σ相数量增多、尺寸增大,且呈短棒状、长条状和胞状等形态,并按照γ→σ方式析出;2507 SDSS在950℃不同时效时间下,在α/γ界面和α/α晶界处析出富含Cr、Mo和更低水平Ni的σ相。随着时效时间增加,σ相数量增多,向铁素体内部长大并最终呈网状分布在奥氏体基体上,且伴有二次奥氏体(γ_2)生成,其是按照α→σ+γ_2方式析出。     

形变温度对FeMnSiCrNiC合金第二相方向性析出及记忆效应的影响

基于控制第二相方向性析出提高铁基合金形状记忆效应的构想,研究了不同形变温度对Fe13.53Mn4.86Si8.16Cr3.82Ni0.16C合金γ/ε界面(母相丫与诱发马氏体ε之间界面)的数量和结构及随后时效第二相析出的数量和方向性的影响,以及第二相析出的数量和方向性对马氏体相变和形状记忆效应的影响.扫描电镜分析显示,形变温度远高于Ms时,无γ/ε面产生,时效后第二相析出少;形变温度接近Ms时,产生大量γ/ε面,时效后析出第二相数量很多,且方向性良好;形变温度进一步接近Ms时,γ/ε界面交叉,导致时效后方向性的第二相也交叉.透射电镜分析显示,析出方向性Cr23C6第二相的合金再次进行预变形时,产生的应力诱发马氏体具有单一方向.原因在于方向性Cr23C6及其产生的应力场对马氏体相交产生约束作用,避免马氏体片之间的交叉,使其具有更好的可逆转变性.     

AN ELECTRON DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATES IN A 13Ni MARAGING STEEL (280kgf/mm~2)

用X射线衍射,选区电子衍射和σ及δ相与马氏体基体之间的取向关系,鉴别了13Ni(280kgf/mm~2)马氏体时效钢的析出物。 13Ni(280kgf/mm~2)马氏体时效钢强化析出物是金属间化合物δ-(Fe,Ni,Co)Mo。锻造状态时效后还析出μ相使韧性恶化。过时效后(例如580℃ 16h空冷)形成逆转变奥氏体。时效状态样品在电子显微镜里加热至743℃时,发现粗大的δ相颗粒和长条状的σ相颗粒。 虽然衍射花样常常可以指标化成δ或σ相,但根据δ/α和σ/α之间取向关系的差别很容易区分δ和σ相。     

13Ni(280kgf/mm~2)马氏体时效钢析出相的电子衍射分析

用X射线衍射,选区电子衍射和σ及δ相与马氏体基体之间的取向关系,鉴别了13Ni(280kgf/mm~2)马氏体时效钢的析出物。13Ni(280kgf/mm~2)马氏体时效钢强化析出物是金属间化合物δ-(Fe,Ni,Co)Mo。锻造状态时效后还析出μ相使韧性恶化。过时效后(例如580℃16h空冷)形成逆转变奥氏体。时效状态样品在电子显微镜里加热至743℃时,发现粗大的δ相颗粒和长条状的σ相颗粒。虽然衍射花样常常可以指标化成δ或σ相,但根据δ/α和σ/α之间取向关系的差别很容易区分δ和σ相。     

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 研究了06Cr15Ni5WMoVNb马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢高温时效α→γ逆转变奥氏体对力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：随时效温度上升逆转变奥氏体增多,致使强度下降,尤其是屈服强度快速下降。630℃时效后奥氏体体积分数达到峰值,对应的强度最低、延伸率和断面收缩率最高。630℃以上时效逆转变奥氏体的稳定性下降,冷却到室温后转变为马氏体,富Cr的M23C6碳化物析出,使最终奥氏体体积分数低于固溶态。     

06Cr15Ni5MoWVNb不锈钢逆转变奥氏体对力学性能的影响

研究了06Cr15Ni5WMoVNb马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢高温时效α→γ逆转变奥氏体对力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:随时效温度上升逆转变奥氏体增多,致使强度下降,尤其是屈服强度快速下降。630℃时效后奥氏体体积分数达到峰值,对应的强度最低、延伸率和断面收缩率最高。630℃以上时效逆转变奥氏体的稳定性下降,冷却到室温后转变为马氏体,富Cr的M23C6碳化物析出,使最终奥氏体体积分数低于固溶态。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Extruded Mg–Zn–Ag Alloys with Single-Phase Structure

Mg–Zn–Ag alloys have been extensively studied in recent years for potential biodegradable implants due to their unique mechanical properties,biodegradability and biocompatibility.In the present study,Mg–3Zn-x Ag(wt%,x=0.2,0.5 and0.8)alloys with single-phase crystal structure were prepared by backward extrusion at 340°C.The addition of Ag element into Mg–3Zn slightly influences the ultimate tensile strength and microstructure,but the elongation firstly increases from12%to 19.8%and then decreases from 19.8%to 9.9%with the increment of Ag concentration.The tensile yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy reach up to 142,234 MPa and 19.8%,respectively,which are the best mechanical performance of Mg–Zn–Ag alloys in the present work.The extruded Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy also possesses the best corrosion behavior with the corresponding corrosion rate of 3.2 mm/year in immersion test,which could be explained by the single-phase and uniformly distributed grain structure,and the fewer twinning.     

Growth Morphologies of a Binary Alloy with Low Anisotropy in Directional Solidification

Two new classes of growth morphologies, called doublons and seaweed, were simulated using a phase-field method. The evolution of doublon and seaweed morphologies was obtained in directional solidification. The influence of orientation and velocity on the growth morphology was investigated. It was indicated that doublons preferred growing with its crystallographic axis aligned with the heat flow direction. Seaweed, on the other hand, could be obtained by tilting the crystalline axis to 45°. Stable doublons could only exist in a range of velocity regime. Beyond this regime the patterns formed would be unstable. The simulation results agreed with the reported experimental results qualitatively.