不锈钢在酸性氯离子溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂机理与缓蚀剂研究

<正> 本文对不锈钢于酸性氯离子溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂机理和应力腐蚀的缓蚀剂进行了研究。研究表明奥氏体不锈钢在酸性氯离子溶液中发生应力腐蚀开裂时处于活性阳极溶解状态,其应力腐蚀开裂机理既不能用钝化膜破裂-再钝化理论解释,同时也不能用氢脆理论解     

阴极保护机理的介绍与浅议

对三种阴极保护机理,包括阳极溶解减缓机理、免蚀机理以及钝化机理,进行了详细的介绍。阐述了这些机理中存在的不足,指出阳极溶解减缓理论中的"开路电位"应为"平衡电极电位",免蚀机理与阳极溶解减缓机理有相似性。针对阴极保护钝化机理的质疑,仍需通过阴极保护下金属表面状态及金属/电解液界面特性研究对该机理的适用性进行评判。     

氢致开裂和应力腐蚀机理的前沿问题

本文对各种氢致开裂和应力腐蚀机理进行了评述。指出,把氢促进局部塑性变形和弱键理论以及氢压理论联合起来就有可能发展新的氢致开裂机理;必须深入研究阳极溶解对位错发射,增殖和运动的影响才能提出合理的阳极溶解型应力腐蚀的机理。     

磁场对铁在磷酸溶液中不同电位下阳极电流的影响

采用极化曲线和恒电位极化方法,研究了磁场对铁在0.5 mol/L H_3PO_4溶液中不同电位下阳极电流的影响。结果表明:0 T磁场下阳极极化曲线表现为典型的阳极溶解、溶解-钝化转变、稳态钝化和过钝化特征,0.4 T磁场下阳极极化曲线的活性溶解区范围扩大以至于没有出现钝化区;0 T磁场下极化后的铁电极表面相对均匀,而0.4 T磁场下极化后铁电极发生加速溶解,在其水平方向的两侧出现局部凹陷;在1.2～1.5 V高电位区间内铁电极表面产物膜向溶液的传质过程为阳极反应速率控制步骤时,施加磁场使得阳极电流密度显著增加,也加速了铁电极的局部溶解,施加或撤去磁场对析氧反应的影响不明显。     

不锈钢的腐蚀破环与防蚀技术——(四)应力腐蚀破裂

4 应力腐蚀开裂机理由于导致不锈钢材料发生应力腐蚀开裂的因素非常复杂,故解释不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂的理论很多,可谓众说纷云.但不管怎样,不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂必然首先要发生选择性腐蚀,应力的主要作用在于对钝化膜的破坏及其再钝化的抑制,从而促进局部腐蚀.归纳起来,应力腐蚀开裂的机理可以分为三类:溶解机理;机械机理;混合机理.具体内容列于表2.     

外加电位对316L不锈钢在硼酸溶液中应力腐蚀行为的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸 (SSRT) 实验,结合不同扫描速率下的动电位极化曲线,对316L不锈钢在动电位极化曲线不同区下的应力腐蚀开裂 (SCC) 敏感性以及腐蚀机理进行了研究。通过断口的SEM形貌进一步分析了316L不锈钢在硼酸溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂机理。结果表明,在近中性硼酸溶液环境下,外加电位对应力腐蚀开裂敏感性具有一定影响;当外加电位处于钝化区和过钝化区时,其SCC机制是由阳极溶解控制,且随着电位的升高其SCC敏感性增大;外加电位为-600 mV时,开裂机制为氢致开裂,此时316L不锈钢有最大SCC敏感性。     

含铌铁素体不锈钢的电化学行为和钝化膜中各元素的分布

铁素体不锈钢在0.5M 硫酸水溶液中的阳极极化曲线出现两个活性溶解电流峰。相同成份的含铌铁素体不锈钢只有一个活性溶解电流峰,这说明铌在合金中能起到防止敏化作用。对阳极氧化钝化膜进行了俄歇电子能谱的表面分析。结果表明钝化膜中铬的富集强度随钝化电位的升高而提高,并且含铌铁素体不锈钢钝化膜中铬的富集强度高于其他成份相同的铁素体不锈钢。     

用XPS研究Ni—Mo—P合金镀层在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀特性

1 引言 关于晶态镍的钝化行为,人们已进行过广泛地研究。根据Dougall等的研究,在酸性Na_2SO_4溶液中,镍的钝化是由于形成了约1nm厚的NiO氧化层。FliS和Duguethe研究了在接近中性的溶液中,Ni-P合金中的磷对镍的阳极溶解和钝化的影响,磷使阳极溶解速度增加。用AES谱分析得出,Ni-P合金上的钝化膜薄于纯镍上的钝化膜。Diegle等研究了非晶态Ni-20P合金在H_2SO_4和HCl溶液中的阳极行为。他们发现,在H_2SO_4溶液中,Ni-20P合金在很宽的电位区发生钝化,而镍在该区是活性的;当处在较高的电位时,Ni-20P合金迅速溶解,而在该区纯镍却处于钝化态。     

试论超钝化溶解及其电解液

以金属阳极/电解液匹配试验为基础,论述了ηω—i电解液试验方法的可靠性及其意义;分析了超钝化溶解的条件与特征及其对加工精度的影响;对Fe/Cl和Fe/NO_3~-的阳极溶解速度和平衡间隙之间的关系进行了讨论;在系统试验基础上,提供了具有超钝化溶解性能的电解液及其ηω—i规律。     

Fe-Ni基合金在热浓碱溶液中的阳极溶解与钝化行为

采用快速与慢速动电位扫描法研究了Fe-Ni基合金在含与不含杂质的沸腾50%NaOH溶液中的阳极溶解与钝化行为.Cr、Ni对Fe-Ni基合金低电位钝化起主要作用,高电位钝化主要是Fe与Ni的作用.Na2S2O3对碱性溶液中元素Fe与Ni的阳极溶解有明显的促进作用,并加速Fe-Ni基合金的溶解导致多处新的阳极电流峰出现.Fe-Ni基合金在相同介质条件下快速扫描的电流密度值比慢扫的大,并对快、慢扫描极化曲线计算出SCC的指数值与SCC行为进行了相关分析.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.