添加Zn对AgCu钎料在TiC金属陶瓷表面润湿性的影响

分别采用AgCu共晶钎料和AgCu共晶钎料中添加30%(质量分数)Zn的AgCuZn钎料在TiC金属陶瓷表面进行润湿试验.结果表明,Zn元素的添加显著改善了钎料在TiC金属陶瓷表面的润湿性;AgCu钎料润湿TiC金属陶瓷时,从近钎料外表面到钎料/陶瓷界面,组织依次为Ag(s.s)+Cu(s.s)/(Cu,Ni)+Ag(s.s)/TiC金属陶瓷+Ag(s.s)+Cu(s.s)/TiC金属陶瓷;而采用AgCuZn钎料润湿TiC金属陶瓷后,从近钎料外表面到钎料/陶瓷界面,组织依次为Ag(s.s)+Cu(s.s)+(Cu,Ni)/Ag(s.s)+Cu(s.s)/(Cu,Ni)/TiC金属陶瓷+Ag(s.s)+Cu(s.s)/TiC金属陶瓷.Zn元素在真空中挥发促进了界面处Ni原子的溶解和扩散,使钎料在陶瓷表面的润湿角由120.6°减小到33.9°.     

微量Ni对Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu钎料组织和性能的影响

研究微量Ni元素对Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu钎料显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu合金主要由β-Sn相、Ag3Sn相和Cu6Sn5相组成;添加微量的Ni元素后,可以有效地细化合金的内部组织,且共晶组织内部产生以Cu6Sn5相为基的(Cu,Ni)6Sn5相,或Ag3Sn相为基的(Ag,Ni)3Sn相。焊点界面主要为Cu基体、IMC层和钎料3个区域;随着钎焊时间的延长或钎焊温度的增加,IMC层在Cu基体侧较为光滑平坦,而钎料侧呈现扇贝状分布;钎焊接头的剪切强度都是呈先增大后减小趋势,在钎焊时间240 s和钎焊温度300℃达到最大值48 MPa。     

Zn元素含量对AgCuZn钎料在TiC金属陶瓷表面润湿性的影响

在AgCu共晶钎料中添加不同量的Zn元素熔炼成AgCuZn钎料,并在陶瓷表面进行润湿试验.结果表明,当Zn元素含量为25%(质量分数)时,钎料在陶瓷表面润湿角最小,为23.5°;从近钎料外表面到钎料/陶瓷界面,组织依次为(Cu,Ni)+Ag(s.s)+Cu(s.s)/Ag(s.s)+Cu(s.s)/(Cu,Ni)/Ag(s.s)+Cu(s.s)+TiC金属陶瓷/TiC金属陶瓷.随着钎料中Zn元素含量增加,钎料/TiC金属陶瓷界面处(Cu,Ni)固溶体形态由块状弥散分布变为层状分布;Zn元素在真空中挥发能促进界面元素的溶解和扩散,从而使固液界面张力减小、钎料表面张力增大,最终导致润湿角随着钎料中Zn元素含量增加而出现最小值.     

锡镀层对BAg50CuZn钎料性能的影响

以BAg50CuZn钎料为研究对象,在其表面电镀锡,借助扫描电镜(SEM)观察锡镀层的表面形貌,采用差热分析仪(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)和润湿试验炉分析锡镀层对合金钎料熔化温度和润湿性能的影响,并对镀覆锡后合金钎料的成分进行了讨论.结果表明,随着钎料表面镀覆Sn元素含量增加,合金钎料的DSC吸热峰向左偏移、熔化温度降低,钎料的润湿铺展性能呈上升趋势.在镀覆Sn元素含量为4.8%(质量分数)时,合金钎料表面锡镀层平整、致密,钎料的铺展面积最大,为236 mm2.镀覆元素Sn后的钎料中,Ag,Cu,Zn元素含量均减少,元素含量降低幅度大小顺序依次为Cu,Ag,Zn.     

锗的表面吸附作用对Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu/Cu界面及润湿性能的影响

分析了Sn2．5Ag0．7Cu／Cu钎料在添加活性元素前后,润湿性能及界面形貌的演变规律．测定了Ge元素含量不同时钎料的铺展面积,用扫描电镜对化合物的形态进行了分析．分析了钎焊时固液相界面张力与活性元素在该处吸附量的关系及其对润湿性能的影响．结果表明,在钎料中Ge元素质量分数为0．5％时,其在界面处的吸附量明显增加,化合物向前生长趋势强烈,润湿铺展面积最大．在质量分数为1．0％时其吸附量依然明显,但润湿效果减弱,且化合物的厚度相对变薄．这说明Ge元素在一定的范围内会降低钎焊界面处的张力,并且当偏聚量较大时可抑制铜和钎料之间的扩散作用,阻碍化合物生长．     

La对Sn-Ag-Cu无铅钎料与铜钎焊接头金属间化合物的影响

研究微量稀土La在钎焊和时效过程中对Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu无铅钎料与铜基板的钎焊界面及钎料内部金属间化合物(IMC)的形成与生长行为的影响.结果表明:钎焊后钎焊界面形成连续的扇形Cu6Sn5化合物层,其厚度随La含量的增加而减小;在150℃时效100h后,连续的Cu3Sn化合物层在Cu6Sn5化合物层和铜基板之间析出,且Cu6Sn5层里嵌有Ag3Sn颗粒;界面金属间化合物总厚度随时效时间的延长而增厚,且在相同时效条件下随La含量的增加而减小;时效过程中金属间化合物生长动力学的时间系数(n)随着La含量的增加逐渐增大;钎焊后钎料内部Ag仍以共晶形式存在,时效后Ag3Sn颗粒沿钎料内部的共晶组织网络析出.     

Ag45CuZn钎料表面刷镀锡的试验研究

以Ag45CuZn 钎料为基体,在其表面刷镀锡制备AgCuZnSn钎料,考察电流密度、阴阳极相对运动速度、镀液温度、刷镀电压和时间对刷镀电流效率和AgCuZnSn钎料中Sn含量的影响,采用扫描电镜（SEM）和润湿试验炉分析锡镀层的表面形貌和钎料的润湿性。结果表明,随着电流密度、刷镀电压及镀液温度的升高,电流效率和Sn含量先增大后减小;随着阴阳极相对运动速度的增加,电流效率逐渐降低,Sn含量先升高后下降;随着刷镀时间的延长,Sn含量逐渐增加,电流效率无显著变化。无定向锡颗粒平行于Ag45CuZn 钎料表面方向的生长方式优于垂直其表面方向的生长方式,此时镀层表面平整、致密,孔隙率小（0.82 %）,锡晶粒的尺寸为0.3~1.8 μm。与基体Ag45CuZn钎料相比,刷镀2.38%(质量分数)金属Sn之后,其润湿面积提高19.5 %,制备的Ag43.92Cu28.65Zn25.05Sn2.38钎料具有良好的润湿性     

激光钎焊AgCu基钎料润湿性理论模型构建

通过向Ag Cu_(28)共晶粉末中添加适量活性元素钛(Ti)、锆(Zr),制备了AgCu_(28)-4.5Ti和AgCu_(28)-4.5Ti-4Zr两种活性复合钎料,研究了脉冲激光作用下两种钎料的润湿性能。通过三维电控超景深显微镜实验及钎料润湿性理论模型两种方法进行了润湿角的测量计算。结果表明,活性元素Zr能够促进Ag Cu基钎料的润湿铺展性能,使钎料润湿角降低约10°,含Zr钎料的钎焊性能良好。当润湿角在40°左右时,该理论模型能够准确求得钎料焊后润湿角;当钎料润湿性能增强时,钎焊层润湿角测量值与计算值间的误差有所增大,钎料润湿角在30°左右时,其相对误差约为10%。     

半导体激光加热时间对焊膏在铜基板上润湿铺展性能的影响

采用半导体激光软钎焊系统对Sn63Pb37和Sn96Ag3.5Cu0.5焊膏在铜基板上的润湿铺展性能进行了试验,研究了不同激光加热时间对钎料润湿铺展性能的影响,采用扫描电镜分析了Sn63Pb37和Sn96Ag3.5Cu0.5钎缝的显微组织和钎缝界面区组织特征.结果表明,在一定的激光输出功率下,随着激光加热时间的增加,两种钎料的润湿性都得到提高.其中Sn-Pb钎料焊膏的加热时间达到1.5 s时,润湿面积和润湿角趋于稳定,而Sn-Ag-Cu钎料焊膏润湿性需要达到2.5 s时润湿面积和润湿角才趋于稳定.     

Ag元素含量对Sn-Ag-Cu钎料焊接性的影响

以Sn-xAg-0.5Cu为基体制备了低银无铅钎料,其中Ag元素的质量分数分别为0.3%,0.5%,0.7%,0.9%.借助钎料合金的DSC熔化曲线,分析了Ag元素含量对合金熔点的影响规律.通过比较各组钎料合金在Cu基板上的铺展面积和铺展率,分析了Ag元素含量的变化对各组钎料润湿性的影响规律.结果表明,随着Ag元素含量...     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Extruded Mg–Zn–Ag Alloys with Single-Phase Structure

Mg–Zn–Ag alloys have been extensively studied in recent years for potential biodegradable implants due to their unique mechanical properties,biodegradability and biocompatibility.In the present study,Mg–3Zn-x Ag(wt%,x=0.2,0.5 and0.8)alloys with single-phase crystal structure were prepared by backward extrusion at 340°C.The addition of Ag element into Mg–3Zn slightly influences the ultimate tensile strength and microstructure,but the elongation firstly increases from12%to 19.8%and then decreases from 19.8%to 9.9%with the increment of Ag concentration.The tensile yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy reach up to 142,234 MPa and 19.8%,respectively,which are the best mechanical performance of Mg–Zn–Ag alloys in the present work.The extruded Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy also possesses the best corrosion behavior with the corresponding corrosion rate of 3.2 mm/year in immersion test,which could be explained by the single-phase and uniformly distributed grain structure,and the fewer twinning.     

Growth Morphologies of a Binary Alloy with Low Anisotropy in Directional Solidification

Two new classes of growth morphologies, called doublons and seaweed, were simulated using a phase-field method. The evolution of doublon and seaweed morphologies was obtained in directional solidification. The influence of orientation and velocity on the growth morphology was investigated. It was indicated that doublons preferred growing with its crystallographic axis aligned with the heat flow direction. Seaweed, on the other hand, could be obtained by tilting the crystalline axis to 45°. Stable doublons could only exist in a range of velocity regime. Beyond this regime the patterns formed would be unstable. The simulation results agreed with the reported experimental results qualitatively.