从硝酸工业过滤器回收铂族金属的工艺研究

研究了硝酸工业铂回收过滤器中铂族金属回收工艺。通过预处理、化学溶解、分子识别分离铑、化学沉淀等过程,实现了铂族金属的高效回收。对溶解过程的影响因素进行了探索和优化,试验了分子识别技术从复杂原料中优先提纯铑。在优化条件下,铂、钯和铑的回收率分别为97.20%、98.13%和92.63%。     

分子识别技术分离提纯钯的工艺实验

采用分子识别材料SuperLig^ò2从含铂钯的溶液中选择性分离钯,钯吸附率大于99%,吸附、洗脱过程钯的直收率为95.87%,总收率为98.04%;得到的洗脱液氧化处理后生成钯沉淀,再经水合肼还原即可得到纯度为99.99%的钯粉。与传统的沉淀分离工艺相比,分子识别技术的生产流程短、铂不容易分散、操作方便、三废量少。     

密度泛函理论研究三(2-吡啶基甲基)胺的阴离子键合和识别特性（英文）

采用杂化密度泛函理论B3LYP方法在6-31G(d.p)水平对三(2-吡啶基甲基)胺(TPMA)及其卤素阴离子复合物进行结构优化。在复合物的形成过程中,通过计算几何结构参数、电荷布居、前线轨道和热力学参数,深入研究了主体分子和卤素阴离子(F和C1~-)之间的超分子作用。研究结果表明,TPMA识别卤素阴离子是一个自发反应。在复合物的形成过程中,主体分子的前线轨道与客体阴离子发生了相互作用。电子从卤素阴离子的HOMO轨道转移到主体分子的LUMO轨道。并且,形成的TPMA-F~-复合物比TPMA-C~-更为稳定,这一计算结果与文献报道的TPMA阴离子识别实验结果相一致。     

分子伴侣Tapasin在介导特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应中的作用

病毒及肿瘤细胞的清除很大程度上依赖于特异性CD₈⁺细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL), CTL通过T细胞受体(TCR)特异性识别病毒肽段并通过MHC-I类分子提呈引起感染细胞融解,经典MHC-I类分子在内质网内的装配要求有抗原肽配体和β2微球蛋白(β2m)的存在,而这一过程需要伴侣分子(chaperones)如Tapasin的参与。Tapasin是抗原递呈相关转运体(TAP)相关蛋白的基因产物,与MHC-I类分子同为免疫球蛋白超家族成员,在介导特异性CTL反应中有着重要作用,本文简述了Tapasin分子结构特征、在介导特异性CTL反应中的作用及与疾病的联系。     

钢管自动喷码与识别装置

比较了主要的物料识别技术(射频技术、OCR技术和条形码技术)的优点与不足。介绍了钢管自动喷码与识别装置的研制,其控制系统采用工控机、PLC控制器以及信息识别传感器,可以对钢管喷码并识别,为实现大量数据信息的自动采集、绑定、汇总和存储提供了可靠的技术手段,减少了操作人员的工作量,提高了准确率。在线标示与自动识别技术的应用解决了如何实现焊管在线实时追踪与过程追溯的问题。     

电火花加工中放电间隙状态的识别技术研究

首先分析了电火花加工中放电间隙脉冲的四种典型状态,然后论述了间隙脉冲传统的识别技术和基于人工智能理论的识别技术,指出了基于人工智能理论用计算机软件进行的识别技术是这一领域新的发展方向。     

分子模型技术在腐蚀缓蚀上的应用

简要介绍了分子模型技术的历史发展、方法、应用、优点及局限性。随着计算机技术的发展和人们对微观世界认识的不断深入，分子模型技术也在不断发展完善。但为了获得可靠的结果，分子模型技术应该与具体的应用环境结合起来。     

离子交换技术在铂族金属富集、分离提纯中的应用

离子交换法是铂族金属湿法冶金中一项很有应用前景的绿色环保技术,与传统的化学沉淀法和溶剂萃取法相比有很多优势,因此在铂族金属的分离提纯中得到了广泛的应用。针对铂族金属二次资源回收,介绍了阳离子交换树脂在铂族金属与贱金属分离中的工业应用和阴离子交换树脂在铂族金属富集、分离提纯中的研究及应用;同时也对分子识别技术在铂族金属分离提纯领域的应用做了简要的介绍。     

惯性约束聚变靶丸的塑料涂层制备技术

在惯性约束聚变(ICF)中,微球表面覆盖塑料涂层和塑料掺杂涂层具有极大的使用价值。本文介绍了制备此类涂层的两种最有前景的微球涂敷技术,即低压等离子体聚合(LPP)结合分子束悬浮(MBL),激光诱导化学气相沉积(LCVD)结合粘滞性气体射流悬浮(VGJFL);并简述了涂层的分析方法。     

射频识别技术在钢管制造中的应用

介绍钢管管号识别方式,分析射频识别技术在钢管制作流程中的应用。分析认为:利用射频识别技术自动读取钢管管号,可以解决MES人工输入存在的输入错误、滞后等问题;射频识别设备具有远距离快速识别标签的特点,应用在钢管生产流程中可以最大限度地提高生产效率和准确性。射频识别技术应用近5年来,虽存在重复发卡、数据读取错误等问题,但通过技术和工艺调整,目前使用效果良好。     

Metal Separations and Recovery in the Mining Industry

Molecular Recognition Technology (MRT) plays an important role in the hydrometallurgical processing dissolved entities in solutions in the mining industry. The status of this industry with respect to sustainability and environmental issues is presented and discussed. The roles of MRT and ion exchange in metal separation and recovery processes in the mining industry are discussed and evaluated. Examples of MRT separation processes of interest to the mining community are given involving gold, cobalt purification by extraction of trace cadmium, rhenium, and platinum group metals (PGMs). MRT processes are shown to be sustainable, economically viable, energy efficient, and environmentally friendly, and to have a low carbon footprint.     

Evaluation of micro-replication technology using silicone rubber molds and its applications

Micro-replication technology (MRT) originated in semiconductor processes and has been widely utilized in other industries such as sensors, micro-fluidics and displays. Recently, however, MRT has been slow in spreading due to its high cost and material limitations. Therefore, a new process in this paper, for MRT using silicone rubber molds is introduced. In this process, a silicone rubber mold transfers a master pattern to the final product with the same shape but different material. In order to verify the possibility of applying silicone rubber molds to MRT, its transferability was evaluated, and then was applied to the fabrication of PDP barrier ribs.     

还原罐离心铸造的表面缺陷成因及对策研究

在总结炼镁还原罐离心铸造中经常出现的表面缺陷的基础上 ,从工艺原理分析其产生缺陷的原因 ,并提出防止缺陷产生的对策。通过对工艺方法的改进 ,获得比较满意的结果。     

Performance of iterative tomographic algorithms applied to non-destructive evaluation with limited data

Iterative tomographic algorithms have been applied to the reconstruction of a two-dimensional object with internal defects from its projections. Nine distinct algorithms with varying numbers of projections and projection angles have been considered. Each projection of the solid object is interpreted as a path integral of the light-sensitive property of the object in the appropriate direction. The integrals are evaluated numerically and are assumed to represent exact data. Errors in reconstruction are defined as the statistics of difference between original and reconstructed objects and are used to compare one algorithm with respect to another. The algorithms used in this work can be classified broadly into three groups, namely the additive algebraic reconstruction technique (ART), the multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART) and the maximization reconstruction technique (MRT). Additive ART shows a systematic convergence with respect to the number of projections and the value of the relaxation parameter. MART algorithms produce less error at convergence compared to additive ART but converge only at small values of the relaxation parameter. The MRT algorithm shows an intermediate performance when compared to ART and MART. An increasing noise level in the projection data increases the error in the reconstructed field. The maximum and RMS errors are highest in ART and lowest in MART for given projection data. Increasing noise levels in the projection data decrease the convergence rates. For all algorithms, a 20% noise level is seen as an upper limit, beyond which the reconstructed field is barely recognizable.     

口服阿昔洛韦片的相对生物利用度

目的 观察两种阿昔洛韦片剂的人体相对生物利用度。方法 9 名健康志愿者随机交叉口服单剂量 400mg 仙居产或丽珠产阿昔洛韦片后, 采用 HPLC 法测定不同时间血药浓度, 并计算生物利用度参数。结果 仙居与丽珠产阿昔洛韦片主要生物利用度参数均值分别为:T_p 为 1.6和 1.7h, AUC 为 3.496和 3.693 μg/ml·h, C_max 为 1.011和 0.997 μg/ml, MRT 为 3.27和 3.53h。结论 经双向单侧检验法分析表明仙居与丽珠产阿昔洛韦片剂生物等效。     

泛昔洛韦缓释胶囊的人体药代动力学研究及其特征分析

目的: 研究泛昔洛韦缓释胶囊的人体药代动力学行为,证明受试制剂的缓释特征,评价其与参比制剂泛昔洛韦片的相对生物利用度。方法: 单次给药试验四阶拉丁方试验设计,受试制剂250、375、750mg三剂量组及参比制剂750mg组;多次给药试验两周期随机交叉试验设计。HPLC法测定血药浓度,3P97软件进行数据处理及药代动力学分析。结果: 12例受试者单次口服泛昔洛韦缓释胶囊250、375、750mg后,C_max分别为(0.31±0.06)、(0.51±0.09)、(1.0±0.16) μg/mL,t_max分别为(4.4±1.8)、(4.0±1.4)、(4.3±1.8)h,平均滞留时间(MRT)分别为(6.9±1.3)、(7.3±1.0)、(7.6±0.7)h,AUC_0-24分别为(3.3±0.8)、(5.2±1.1)、(11.3±1.4)μg·mL^-1·h;普通片750mg给药后,C_max为(3.81±0.38) μg/mL,t_max为(1.2±0.6)h,MRT为(3.3±0.4)h,AUC_0-24为(13.7±1.5)μg·mL^-1·h。缓释胶囊单次给药后的相对生物利用度为(81.96±2.54)%,两种制剂的生物利用度相当。10例受试者每日口服750mg泛昔洛韦缓释胶囊和普通片3d后缓释胶囊和普通片血药浓度均已达稳态,C_min分别为(0.32±0.13)、(0.16±0.04) μg/mL。达稳态后的C_max分别为(0.71±0.14)、(1.67±0.44) μg/mL,C_av分别为(0.44±0.09)、(0.56±0.13) μg/mL,波动度DF分别为(90±26)%、(270±59)%。缓释胶囊谷浓度明显高于普通片,波动度则明显小于普通片。结论: 泛昔洛韦缓释胶囊具有明显缓释特征,并与普通片生物利用度相当。     

Defect detection in thermal image for nondestructive evaluation of petrochemical equipments

This paper proposes a method for segmenting defects depicted in a thermal image of petrochemical equipments by means of passive thermography. The technique first enhances the contrast of the defects based on local neighborhood pixel intensity operation. This local intensity operation works in two modes, either brightening the pixels for detecting hot spots or darkening the pixels for detecting cold spots. The next step is to segment the defects using simple histogram-based thresholding techniques. We propose three thresholding methods: mean absolute thresholding (MAT), mean relative thresholding (MRT), and minimum frequency thresholding (MFT). Compared to existing techniques, we found that our proposed methods have better detection and success rate.     

Study of Steel Emissivity Characteristics and Application of Multispectral Radiation Thermometry (MRT)

Experiments were first conducted to measure the emissivity values of a variety of steel samples at 700, 800, and 900 K. The effects of wavelength, temperature, alloy composition, and heating time on emissivity were investigated. Multispectral radiation thermometry (MRT) with linear emissivity models (LEMs) and log-linear emissivity models (LLEs) were then applied to predict surface temperature. Parametric influences of the number of wavelengths and order of emissivity models were examined. Results show that the spectral emissivity decreases with increasing wavelength and increases with increasing temperature. Steel with higher chromium content has lower emissivity value because of the chromium oxide protection layer. The spectral emissivity reaches steady state after the third hour heating due to the surface oxidation becoming fully developed. Increasing the order of polynomial and increasing the number of wavelengths cannot improve temperature measurement accuracy. Overall, the first-order LEM and the first-order LLE showed the best accuracy for different alloys, the number of wavelengths, and temperatures.     

氧氟沙星缓释片单次、多次给药人体药代动力学和生物等效性研究

目的: 研究氧氟沙星缓释片单次、多次给药的人体药代动力学特征,并与氧氟沙星片比较其缓释特征与生物等效性。方法: 单次给药20例健康成年男性受试者随机分组,自身双周期交叉对照,单次口服药物 400 mg;多次给药18例健康成年男性受试者随机分组,自身双周期交叉对照,多次口服药物(参比制剂 400 mg/2次/d×5 d,受试制剂 400 mg/次/d×5 d)。通过反相HPLC法测定血浆氧氟沙星浓度,采用非房室模型计算药代动力学参数,并进行统计分析。结果: 单次给药参比制剂与受试制剂的C_max分别为(5382±1558)、(3419±1034)μg/L;T_max分别为(1.7±0.6)、(4.2±1.8) h;t_1/2分别为(8.2±1.0)、(7.6±1.8) h;MRT分别为(8.6±0.9)、(10.3±1.4) h;AUC_0-t分别为(33764±5297)、(31280±4412) μg·L^-1·h;AUC_0→∞分别为(34643±5356)、(32642±4257)μg·L^-1·h;F_rel为(97.9±12.4)%。方差分析显示,C_max、T_max、MRT各参数受试制剂与参比制剂差异具有统计学意义;t_1/2、AUC_0-t、AUC_0→∞各参数受试制剂与参比制剂差异无统计学意义。等效性检验显示,受试制剂与参比制剂90%可信限AUC_0-t为 89.0%~97.0%;AUC_0→∞为 91.4%~97.8%。多次给药参比制剂与受试制剂的C_max分别为(3732±1502)、(3564±982) μg/L;C_min分别为(750±193)、(438±89) μg/L;T_max分别为(1.5±0.5)、(3.7±1.7) h;AUC_SS分别为(32689±4786)、(33591±7929) μg·L^-1·h;C_av分别为(1362±199)、(1405±337) μg/L;DF分别为(216.1±76.5)、(221.5±33.9)%;F_rel为(102.9±22.5)%。方差分析显示,C_max、C_av、AUC_SS、DF受试制剂与参比制剂差异均无统计学意义。等效性检验显示,90%可信限C_max为 80.8% ~114.6%;AUC_SS为 89.3%~111.9%;C_av为 89.5%~112.4%;DF为 93.7%~122.4%。结论: 受试制剂氧氟沙星缓释片相对于参比制剂氧氟沙星片,单次给药具有缓释动力学特征及吸收程度生物等效,多次给药达稳态时具有生物等效性。     

紫杉醇聚合物胶束的组织分布和生物学评价

目的: 研究紫杉醇（paclitaxel,PTX）聚合物胶束的荷瘤鼠组织分布和生物安全性。方法: 采用S180荷瘤小鼠模型研究静脉注射PTX聚合物胶束和Taxol的药动学参数变化、组织分布特征和抗肿瘤作用;通过动物实验研究PTX聚合物胶束的急性毒性、溶血性和静脉刺激性。结果: PTX聚合物胶束的t1/2和平均滞留时间（MRT）分别为Taxol的3.52和4.55倍,在肿瘤部位的相对摄取率为2.31,表明该胶束具有长循环和肿瘤靶向作用。PTX聚合物胶束对S180荷瘤小鼠的抑制显著强于Taxol（P<0.05）。生物安全性评价结果显示PTX聚合物胶束的最大耐受剂量和LD50均显著高于Taxol（P<0.05）,对兔耳缘静脉无明显血管刺激性。 结论: PTX聚合物胶束延长了药物体内循环时间、增强了肿瘤靶向性和抗癌活性,提高了生物安全性,期望为临床提供一种高效、低毒紫杉醇聚合物胶束靶向制剂。