基于小波变换的发动机表面缺陷图像去噪方法的研究

目的 滤除发动机表面缺陷图像上的噪声,使发动机表面缺陷信息得以更好地呈现。方法 首先利用小波变换将发动机表面缺陷含噪图像进行系数分解,获取不同的小波系数;接着利用支持向量机对小波分解系数进行分类,以达到将噪声信号与非噪声信号进行分离的效果;最后利用插值运算对硬阀值函数进行优化,以克服函数不连续性引起的振铃效应等弊端,使得去噪后图像能够保持更多的细节信息。通过实验仿真将所提方法以及中值滤波、双边滤波方法的去噪效果进行对比。结果 所提方法去噪后图像与中值滤波以及双边滤波方法去噪后图像相比,具有更高的PSNR值以及SSIM值。测试图像噪声强度为25%时,所提方法去噪后图像的PSNR值以及SSIM值较中值滤波方法去噪分别提高了20.66%以及11.89%,较双边滤波方法去噪分别提高了10.30%以及5.48%。结论 所提方法比中值滤波、双边滤波方法具有更好的去噪效果,能够对发动机表面缺陷图像的噪声进行去除,并较好地保留图像的细节信息。     

CEEMDAN-FastICA在变压器套管引线超声检测中的应用

超声检测作为一种电力设备检测的方法,其回波常常受到噪声的干扰,为了提高检测的精准度,需要对回波信号进行去噪,以提高信号的质量。提出了一种基于自适应完备集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)与快速独立分量分析(FastICA)算法结合的去噪算法,应用于变压器套管引线的超声检测中。含噪信号经CEEMDAN算法分解成若干个模态分量(IMF),以满足独立分量分析对信号正定或超定要求,再用FastICA对IMF构建多维源信号,最后利用赫斯特(Hurst)指数阈值区分多维信号中的噪声,完成滤波并重构超声信号。通过仿真和试验得出结论:所提方法较其他算法,去噪后信噪比高,均值误差小,波形平滑性好,并且信号畸变程度低,能较好地保留回波的起振位置等有效信息,将套管内引线状态更好地提取出来,具有一定的实用意义。     

基于K-SVD算法的带钢表面缺陷图像去噪

目的有效滤除带钢表面缺陷图像高斯噪声。方法高斯噪声是影响带钢图像质量的主要噪声类型之一,针对带钢表面缺陷图像高斯噪声去噪,首先对传统K-SVD(K-means and singular value decomposition)算法中的字典进行升级改造,然后采用正交匹配追踪(OMP,Orthogonal Matching Pursuit)算法对图像进行重构,滤除噪声,最后运用此算法对缺陷图像进行高斯滤波处理。为验证该算法去噪效果,选取几种常见的典型缺陷图像(划伤、气泡、氧化色、粘结纹)进行测试仿真,并选用中值滤波、均值滤波、小波变换、维纳滤波、3维块匹配(BM3D)等多种传统滤波方法进行比较。结果该算法对四种典型缺陷去噪的PSNR(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio)值平均可达33.976 d B,MSE(Mean Square Error)平均值为27.607,SSIM(Structural Similarity)平均值为0.912。结论该算法对带钢表面缺陷重构图像的边缘细节清晰,PSNR、MSE、SSIM三个性能指标明显优于其他传统滤波算法,去噪效果良好。     

稀疏分解算法在薄膜缺陷去噪中的应用

目的实现锂电池薄膜表面缺陷特征的有效提取。方法采用稀疏分解算法实现表面去噪,即通过选取合适的原子函数,在过完备字典中对含有点噪声、高斯噪声、椒盐噪声和加乘噪声背景下的缺陷图像进行稀疏分解迭代,通过观察法得到终止迭代值作为经验值,并将该经验值用于特定噪声背景下的稀疏分解终止迭代条件,得到去噪后的缺陷图像。最后将该方法与中值滤波技术进行比较。结果稀疏分解的去噪性能远优于中值滤波,对锂电池薄膜缺陷有很好的还原性。结论稀疏分解算法能够较好地去除锂电池薄膜图像中的噪声,从而识别出锂电池薄膜缺陷。     

基于WTD和CEEMD的轴承故障特征提取方法

针对轴承故障信号常混有噪声干扰且故障特征难以准确提取问题,提出一种基于小波阈值去噪(WTD)和互补集合经验模态分解(CEEMD)的轴承故障特征提取方法。采用WTD对原始信号进行降噪预处理;对去噪信号进行CEEMD分解得到一系列本征模态函数(IMF);然后计算各个IMF和去噪信号的互相关系数,通过设定互相关系数阈值筛选有用IMF;最后将有用IMF重构并利用包络谱对重构信号提取故障特征频率。实测信号表明：所提出的方法能降低噪声干扰并有效提取故障特征信息,证明该方法在噪声环境下具有较高的可行性和较强的实用性。     

自适应中值滤波在焊缝视觉跟踪中的应用

焊缝图像的滤波去噪是焊缝图像处理的第一步,也是实现焊缝视觉跟踪的一个重要环节.针对传统中值滤波存在的问题,分析了影响中值滤波效果的因素,引入并编程实现了焊缝图像的自适应中值滤波算法.与传统的滤波去噪效果相比,自适应中值滤波算法可以更为有效地去除焊缝图像中的噪声.特别是对于大噪声的焊缝图像,去噪效果远远好于传统的中值滤波...     

基于CEEMDAN-FastICA的滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对轴承早期故障信号微弱、故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种将完备集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)与快速独立分量分析(FastICA)相结合的故障特征提取方法。该方法首先利用CEEMDAN将轴承故障信号进行分解,得到一系列模态分量(IMF);然后依据峭度准则选取相应分量进行重构,引入虚拟噪声通道;最后利用FastICA对重构信号进行解混去噪,分离出源信号的最佳估计信号后进行包络谱分析进而提取故障特征频率。该方法通过LabVIEW软件平台进行编程实现。仿真信号和轴承故障实验信号的研究结果均表明该方法可明显降低噪声和调制成分干扰,突出故障特征频率成分。     

基于SVD和VMD的轴承微弱故障特征提取及分析

针对轴承微弱故障时冲击信号含有大量噪声且难以提取故障特征频率问题,提出了一种基于奇异值分解(SVD)和变分模态分解(VMD)的轴承故障特征提取方法.该方法先对原始信号进行SVD去噪;再对去噪信号进行VMD分解,得到各个本征模态函数(IMF),根据最大中心频率原则和各个本征模态与去噪信号的相关系数差值确定分解个数,通过加...     

样本熵改进小波包阈值去噪的轴承故障诊断

为了准确诊断出轴承故障,提出了样本熵改进小波包阈值去噪算法的轴承故障诊断方法。分析了样本熵与噪声大小、数据长度、信号固有特征的关系,得出了样本熵可以很好表征噪声大小、与数据长度、信号固有特征相关性极小的结论。使用样本熵从三个方面改进了小波包阈值去噪算法:提出了自适应阈值函数,使阈值函数随噪声分布情况进行自适应调整;以噪声信号样本熵值最大为依据,提出了最优阈值估计方法,使阈值随噪声大小自适应调整;以相邻分解层数的样本熵均值差值为依据,提出了分解层数确定方法。将样本熵改进小波包阈值去噪算法应用于轴承故障信号去噪中,去噪信号功率谱中轴承转动频率及倍频、外圈故障特征频率及倍频、两者的调制频率显露明显,能够明确判处出轴承为外圈故障,体现了极好的去噪效果。     

基于CEEMDAN能量熵和马氏距离的齿轮箱轴承故障诊断方法

针对齿轮箱轴承信号非平稳性及其故障特征难以提取的问题，提出一种自适应白噪声平均总体经验模态分解（CEEMDAN）能量熵和马氏距离相结合的故障诊断方法。首先采用CEEMDAN方法对非平稳的轴承故障信号进行分解，获得若干阶表征信号特性的固有模态函数（IMF）分量；然后计算各IMF分量的自相关函数和相关系数，以滤除信号内的噪声干扰和对故障特征不敏感的IMF分量；最后计算各敏感故障特征分量的能量熵，将其作为特征参数形成状态特征向量，并使用马氏距离判别方法对轴承的工作状态和故障类型进行诊断。通过对实测不同工况以及不同故障程度的齿轮箱轴承信号的分析，证明了所提方法的有效性。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.