小孔径泡沫铝的制备及压缩性能研究

在常规熔体发泡法基础上,采用添加0.5%Mg(质量分数,下同)以降低表面张力;发泡剂400 ℃,6 h+500℃,1 h氧化预处理以协调发泡剂分散均匀性与发泡过程关系;发泡搅拌60s以破碎初始气泡等措施,成功制备出了平均孔径1.3 mm、孔隙率70.5%、结构均匀的小孔径泡沫铝.泡沫铝及Al-9Si泡沫的压缩性能分析表明,随平均孔径减小,泡沫铝的屈服强度、致密化应变和能量吸收能力均明显提高,泡沫铝压缩性能随孔径减小而提高,与泡沫铝的孔结构因素及孔结构均匀性有关.     

泡沫铝及泡沫铝夹心板的制备方法

泡沫铝因其低密度、高比刚度、缓冲抗震等优良特性,越来越受到人们关注,逐渐将在汽车、航空等领域得到运用.本文介绍了泡沫铝及泡沫铝夹心板的几种主要制备工艺,并对其优缺点进行了阐述性分析.     

大孔径高孔隙率泡沫铝的制备

采用熔体发泡工艺,用纯铝作原料,氢化钛为发泡剂,金属钙粉为增粘剂,制备出孔结构均匀,孔隙率大于80%,孔径大于4.2mm的闭孔泡沫铝,整个工艺过程控制平稳。探讨了发泡温度、金属钙粉和氢化钛加入量及搅拌时间对泡沫铝结构的影响。结果表明,增粘剂钙粉的加入量为1.5%～2.0%,增粘温度850～860℃,搅拌时间为2.0～2.5 min,发泡剂TiH_2的加入量为1.5%～2.0%,发泡温度为680～690℃,发泡搅拌速度和时间分别为860 rpm和2.0～2.5 min,保温时间4.5～6.0 min时为最佳工艺。     

泡沫铝三明治结构粉末冶金法制备工艺及泡孔结构优化

粉末冶金法可实现泡沫铝三明治结构面板/芯层的冶金结合,并在制备近终型泡沫铝异型件上优势突出。基于国内研究现状,本文完善了粉末冶金法制备工艺,并优化了泡孔结构。研究发现,芯层采用AlMg4Si8铝合金成分组成,钢质面板经边缘焊接密封处理后,当芯层粉末松装密度为1.12 g/cm_³时,在1500 kN轧制压力、0.06 m/s轧制速度及55％轧制压下率下,对灌满芯层粉末的包覆面板进行450 °C热轧,获得了面板/芯层冶金结合、致密度高的发泡前驱体。另外,当发泡剂TiH₂被低熔点Sn包覆预处理后,在发泡初期分解出的H₂被液态Sn包裹,避免了在固态基体空隙间的扩散,减少了裂纹的产生,发泡前驱体在720 °C发泡300 s后可获得泡孔结构相对均匀、72.7%孔隙率的泡沫铝三明治结构。     

泡沫铝的制备方法及应用进展

概述了泡沫铝的各种制备方法研究进展。根据制备过程中铝的状态可以将制备方法分为三类：固相法、液相法、电沉积法。液态铝能够通过直接注入气体、加入发泡剂或生成过饱和固一气共晶体的方法制得泡沫铝,间接方法包括熔模铸造法和渗流铸造法。如果往铝粉末压块中加入发泡剂,通过加热使发泡剂分解同样能得到泡沫铝。类似的方法还包括粉浆烧结法、散粉烧结法等。最后描述了泡沫铝的结构和优良性能,并对泡沫铝在各领域的应用进行了概括和展望。     

开孔泡沫铝的电磁屏蔽性能

采用加压渗流法制备不同特征参数的开孔泡沫铝,在50～1050MHz电磁波频率内研究了开孔泡沫铝的屏蔽特性,并探讨了泡沫铝的孔径和厚度对其电磁屏蔽性能的影响。结果表明：在50～1050MHz频率范围内,泡沫铝具有较好的电磁屏蔽性能,其屏蔽效能为25～75dB。在50～850MHz频率内,泡沫铝的孔径增大,其电磁屏蔽效能上升;但当频率在850～1050MHz之间时,孔径变化对泡沫铝屏蔽效能的影响可以忽略不计。在50～700MHz频率之间时,随着泡沫铝厚度的增加,其屏蔽效能增大,但当频率在700～1050MHz之间时,厚度对屏蔽效能的影响可以忽略。     

开孔泡沫铝导电性的研究

本文采用加压渗流方法制备开孔结构的泡沫铝,并通过调整工艺参数改变泡沫铝的孔径和相对密度.采用“直流四端电极”法测量了不同参数泡沫铝的电阻,研究开孔泡沫铝的导电性随其相对密度和孔径的变化规律.实验结果表明：随着相对密度的提高,开孔泡沫铝的电导率增大,且电导率随相对密度的改变呈指数关系变化;当相对密度参数基本相同时,随着泡沫铝孔径的减小,由于在制备过程中产生的结构缺陷增多,其电导性下降.     

氢化锆熔体发泡法制备小孔径泡沫铝

以ZrH_2为发泡剂,采用熔体发泡法制备铝基小孔径泡沫铝,分析其制备过程及影响孔结构的因素;优化实验室制备泡沫铝的工艺条件;借助图形分析方法表征泡沫铝的孔径分布,并与TiH_2制备的泡沫铝进行了对比;采用改进座滴装置研究铝合金与氢化物的润湿行为.结果表明:ZrH_2较适合制备小孔径泡沫铝;优化工艺条件为:Al 650 g,增粘剂Ca 的加入量2.5%,发泡剂ZrH_2的加入量1.0%,发泡温度680 ℃,搅拌时间1.5 min,保温时间2.5 min;制备的泡沫铝孔径均匀,平均孔径小于1.5 mm;ZrH_2在铝合金中的润湿特点是导致泡沫铝孔径较小的主要原因.     

开孔泡沫铝的电磁屏蔽性能

采用加压渗流法制备不同特征参数的开孔泡沫铝,在50～1050MHz电磁波频率内研究了开孔泡沫铝的屏蔽特性,并探讨了泡沫铝的孔径和厚度对其电磁屏蔽性能的影响.结果表明:在50～1050MHz频率范围内,泡沫铝具有较好的电磁屏蔽性能,其屏蔽效能为25～75dB.在50～850MHz频率内,泡沫铝的孔径增大,其电磁屏蔽效能上升;但当频率在850～1050MHz之间时,孔径变化对泡沫铝屏蔽效能的影响可以忽略不计.在50～700MHz频率之间时,随着泡沫铝厚度的增加,其屏蔽效能增大,但当频率在700～1050MHz之间时,厚度对屏蔽效能的影响可以忽略.     

泡沫铝材料的制备工艺及应用研究进展

泡沫铝材料具有质轻,良好的吸声吸能、阻尼、隔热等优异性能,是一种新型的结构功能材料,被广泛应用于汽车、建筑、军工、航空航天等领域。对泡沫铝近年来的研究进展进行了介绍,重点概述了泡沫铝发泡剂的种类和选择,以及常见的泡沫铝制备方法,并分析了各种制备方法的优缺点和所制备泡沫铝的特点。最后,对泡沫铝材料在交通运输、军工航天、建筑等领域的应用进行了总结,并对泡沫铝材料未来的研究热点与难点进行了总结展望。     

发泡工艺参数对闭孔泡沫铝胞结构的影响

采用压缩空气法制备闭孔泡沫铝,研究空气流量、搅拌速度和发泡温度对胞结构的影响。结果表明泡沫铝的胞直径为4-11mm,密度为0.10-0.22g/cm3,孔隙率最高达96.3%;泡沫铝的胞直径随着空气流量和发泡温度的增大而增大,随搅拌速度的增大而减小,其中空气流量对胞直径的影响最显著;壁厚和结点尺寸随空气流量和搅拌速度的变化规律与胞直径相反;在相同的搅拌速度下,泡沫铝的密度随着胞直径的增大而减小且与胞直径存在对应关系,搅拌速度为600r/min时,关系式为ρ=0.0278 0.3602.e-0.132d。     

Defects in aluminum foam with superfine open-cell structure

The infiltration casting process for producing aluminum foam includes three steps： preparing precursor using NaCI particles, infiltrating molten aluminum and cleaning NaCI precursor. Defects occur during the preparation of aluminum foam with superfine open-cell structure, and influence the pore structure and performance of aluminum foam materials. The types of the defect and their forming mechanisms are analyzed in this paper. The defects include point defects and linear metal defects, and are caused by the defects in salt precursor and the insufficient infiltration of molten aluminum into precursor. With the choice of proper precursor preparation method and infiltration process parameters, the complete aluminum foam with superfine pores could be achieved.     

泡沫铝填充双层金属点阵结构增强效应及吸能特性

通过激光焊接获得3种不同几何构型的双层金属点阵结构,再将闭孔泡沫铝切割后填充到其孔隙当中获得一种新型泡沫铝填充双层金属点阵结构。采用实验和有限元模拟的方法研究其准静态面外压缩载荷作用下的承载能力、吸能特性及机理、变形破坏模式等。结果表明,泡沫铝的填充能够有效改变空心点阵结构的后屈曲行为,提高点阵芯体单元的屈曲稳定性,具有明显的耦合增强效应,表现在承载及能量吸收效率的大幅提升,可达到对应空心结构的10倍以上。     

Fatigue of a laterally constrained closed cell aluminum foam

An experimental investigation into the constant stress amplitude compression–compression fatigue behavior of closed-cell aluminum foam, both with and without lateral constraint, was conducted. Results show that while the early stages of strain accumulation due to fatigue loading are independent of constraint, the rapid strain accumulation stage behaviors are sensitive to the constraint. This was ascribed to the noticeable hardening with plastic deformation observed under constraint during quasi-static loading, which in turn reduces the effective maximum stress experienced by the foam specimen during fatigue loading. This was demonstrated through a simple empirical model that connects fatigue strain accumulation without constraint to that under constraint. Complementary X-ray tomography experiments suggest that the fatigue behavior of the foams is relatively less sensitive to morphological defects such as missing walls than the quasi-static mechanical properties such as plastic strength. Evaluation of the energy absorption behavior suggests that the damage that accumulates during fatigue does not affect the energy-absorbing ability of the foam adversely.     

Effects of cell size on compressive properties of aluminum foam

1 Introduction Metal foams are a relatively new class of structural materials and offer a variety of applications in fields such as lightmass construction or crash energy management. In view of potential applications, the mechanical properties of foamed m…     

稀土Er增强泡沫铝基复合材料的制备工艺研究

采用熔体发泡法制取泡沫铝基复合材料,系统分析了稀土Er含量、搅拌时间、保温时间和发泡剂含量对孔结构的影响。对稀土Er在铝熔体中的存在形式以及在增强过程中的强化机制进行了讨论。结果表明：加入质量分数0.40%稀土,搅拌时间7 min,发泡剂的质量分数为2%,保温5 min的条件下,可以制取孔结构均匀、孔隙率高的高强度泡沫铝基复合材料。     

Adhesion in sandwiches with aluminum foam core

Fast-moving machine tool assemblies should be light and rigid. Because of the lightweight construction and the dynamic loads these assemblies are very often susceptible to vibrations. Aluminum foam sandwiches are laminates with an aluminum foam core and compact cover sheets. The foam cores possess a high-energy absorption capacity. Machine tool assemblies made of aluminum foam sandwiches offer very high flexural stiffness, together with comparatively light weight. Vibrations generated by machining are damped very well due to the cellular structure of foam. The manufacturing process of foam sandwiches is in general well understood, but there are still some open questions concerning the mechanisms of bonding and adhesion between cover sheets and foam core. This paper tries to give answers to these questions.     

Crystallography and refining mechanism of (Ti, B)-contained salts in pure aluminum

It is shown from experiment that the pure B contained salt exhibits little refining effect, while the pure Ti contained salt, especially the salt containing 5Ti/1B, shows obvious refining effect on the pure aluminum. Crystallographic study indicates that Al3Ti particle is a more suitable nucleation site for the aluminum matrix than (Ti, Al)B2 type particles (TiB2, AlB2 and (Ti,Al)B2), because there exist more coherent planes with aluminum matrix in the former. Thermodynamics estimation, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM detection show that the refining mechanism of (Ti, B)-contained refiners is mainly contributed to the heterogeneous nuclei of fine Al3Ti particles dispersed in the melting, which comes from the reaction between the Ti and aluminum. (Al, Ti)B2 type particle shows little or no direct refining effect, but it will reduce the size of Al3Ti since the Al3Ti nucleates and grows along the (Al, Ti)B2 type particle interface.     

温轧细化亚晶7475铝合金板材的力学性能

研究了温轧下过渡元素对7475铝合金板材晶粒细化的影响。经350℃温轧、480℃固溶热处理后,用Zr代替Cr的7475铝合金具有稳定亚晶超细组织;平均亚晶直径接近3μm。结果表明,溶液中的Zr能稳定亚晶是因为温轧中析出了细小的Al3Zr粒子;另一方面,含Cr粒子化合物在温轧之前析出,并且在温轧过程中会变粗大。与传统冷轧7475铝合金板材相比,温轧细化亚晶板材具有独特的性能。固溶处理后的温轧板材,在厚度截面的亚晶组织具有高比例小于150的小角度晶界;温轧T6态合金板材的强度高于传统7475铝合金板材强度10％。温轧铝合金板材最显著的特点是,在与轧制方向呈45°时高Lankford（r）值为3．5,而其平均Lankford（r）值为2．2。高Lankford（r）值有利于组织演变为β-fiber织构,特别是强{011}（211）黄铜部分。同时,温轧板材也具有高的抗应力腐蚀开裂性能（SCC）。根据Kikuchi线和透射电镜分析,温轧T6板材形成的小角度晶界导致无沉淀析出带（PFZs）难以形成,这是导致抗应力腐蚀开裂性能提高的重要因素,其原因是晶界和晶内的电化学性能存在差异。