灭菌柜焊缝失效分析及整改措施

通过对灭茵柜上的焊缝裂纹分析和焊缝强度计算，从理论上找到了焊缝裂纹产生的原因，并给出了处理意见和整改方案。实践证明，整改后使用效果良好。     

焊缝腐蚀的原因和解决方法

焊缝金属和热影响区由于熔化过程而导致焊缝切面上金属成分和显微结构上的微小差别，引起不同区域之间的电化学电位的不同，造成了惰性最小的元素的优先溶解的电池作用而受到了腐蚀。本文也提出了各种不同的防止方法。     

焊缝位置识别的图像处理方法设计

在基于视觉的自动焊接中，由于焊缝图像是复杂多变的，要准确得到焊缝位置选择合理高效的处理算法是非常重要的。针对这一问题为焊缝图像提出了一系列处理步骤，它包括中值滤波、自适应阈值二值化、孤点滤波、边缘检测，焊缝位置搜索五步，其中详细叙述了重要的自适应阈值二值化与孤点滤波算法。在每一步处理中都用了四幅完全不同的焊缝图像做了观察和对比，结果显示所选算法产生较好的处理效果。     

工具钢新型堆焊焊缝设计及分析

设计了“强韧基体＋高硬度质点”组织的高硬度堆焊焊缝，Nb,Ti,V的碳化物作为高硬度质点，基体组织为低碳马氏体＋少量薄膜状残余奥氏体，韧性、抗裂性均能满足工具、模具的要求。配合低应力冷焊措施对轧辊进行了堆焊修复，效果良好。     

洛阳伊河桥钢箱梁角接焊缝浅析与优化

洛阳伊河桥钢箱梁为全焊接结构,其主纵梁、锚箱、横联及悬臂结构焊缝连接形式复杂,焊接施工作业难度很大,焊缝质量不易控制和检验;借鉴国内类似钢箱梁焊接技术要求,参考国内外钢箱梁设计、施工技术规范,结合本桥钢箱梁结构设计特点,通过与设计单位共同协作,对钢箱梁的主要角接焊缝连接形式进行了认真分析与研究,在满足结构受力及安全标准的情况下,优化了角接焊缝坡口连接形式和连接要求,提高了角接焊缝的抗疲劳性能,保证了钢箱梁焊接质量,降低了施工难度。     

角焊缝的射线透照技术

通过对Ｔ型接头、搭接接头角焊缝射线照像采用直接透照技术所存在问题的分析讨论，提出了利用楔块补偿或采用偏置补偿的方法改善像质，提高检测效果。     

通风管道弯头非圆环焊缝图像处理研究

文中提出了一种通风管道弯头非圆环焊缝图像处理方法，识别出弯头非圆环缝与焊枪的相对位置信息及弯头的焊缝角度，为焊枪提供位置信息及偏转角数据，达到焊缝自动跟踪的目的。文中提出了两次柔化+边缘检测预处理组合方式，并利用沿管道对称轴两侧固定距离的2个焊缝坐标连线的角度代表弯头角度，识别算法巧妙且效率高，达到了焊缝跟踪的目的。     

基于视觉图像质心的焊缝跟踪新技术

从基于图像质心的焊缝跟踪技术出发，通过对图像质心公式的深入研究，根据图像灰度与视觉传感器响应电压值的关系、响应电压值与检测部位的发射率及光谱辐射强度等关系，从理论上得出质心与焊缝中心的关系模型，论证了图像质心与焊缝中心存在相关性，并通过大量试验证明了关系模型的准确性。     

小波分析在焊缝检测图像处理中的应用

简述了子波分析在焊缝视觉跟踪过程中检测焊缝方面的应用,从实验结果可以看出,采用多尺度小波变换能够获得清晰的焊缝边缘,可以大大简化硬件设备。     

美国API 1104与我国JB 4730标准在管口焊缝质量评定上的差异

对美国ＡＰＩ１１０４标准与我国ＪＢ４７３０标准的管口焊缝质量评定进行了分析比较，并对缺陷评定提出了具体建议，以供国内修订标准时参考。     

高能束流技术及其在腐蚀与防护中的应用

激光束、电子束、离子束三种高能束流技术对材料表 面改性是通过改变材料表面的成分或结构实现的.文章系统地介绍了激光束、电子束、离子 束三种高能束流表面改性技术的原理、方法及其在腐蚀与防护中的应用,并指出了这三种技 术今后需解决的问题.     

高能束流技术及其在腐蚀与防护中的应用

介绍了激光束、电子束、离子束3种高能束流表面强化技术的原理和方法。简 述了其在腐蚀与防护中的应用,并指出了今后的发展方向。     

Fast Beam Deflection and Beam Quality- Keys to Economic High Quality Electron Beam Applications

Since its first introduction to the industry the control systems of electron beam machines have gone through an enormous evolution.With the availability of fast amplifier components and digital beam controllers the advantages of the electron beam have further increased making it a truly software controlled thermal processing tool.Modern beam controllers enable multi-beam and multi-focus technologies,where the beam is split in up to 60 individual beams.These technologies can reduce the processing time by parallel processing or improve the quality by optimized thermal expansion of the part.Multi-process technologies,where several processes are performed in one run (e.g.welding and cosmetic treatment) further extend the application range of the electron beam process.Fast beam deflection in conjunction with electron-optical monitoring is the fundamental component for advanced seam tracking systems.They allow automating the EB application in order to optimize the process costs and improve the quality of the re-sults in a reproducible manner.Basis for a high quality of the EB process is the condition of the tool,the electron beam itself.By in-troducing the beam parameter product to the electron beam,reliable information about the quality of the beam can be derived.Im-plemented into automatic beam alignment systems repeatable results with high quality are achieved.     

Potential and limitations of laser technology in restoration of metallic objects of art and cultural heritage

Potential applications of laser techniques, such as precision cutting, micro welding, and ablation of stains, are presented. Concerning laser beam ablation, we explain the mechanism, and then discuss potential applications (cleaning of gilded or solid metal surfaces, cleaning of verdigris) and limits (thinning of verdigris, removing rust from verdigris). This research has been performed within the frame of a joint project sponsored by Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU, German Foundation for the Environment) as well as in immediate co‐operation with restorers. The presentation of these results is to propose laser technology as a promising option to be taken into account in planning and doing restoratory work.     

The model of formation of a non-self-sustained discharge in the plasma in electron beam welding

A model of formation of a non-self-sustained discharge in plasma in electron beam welding is proposed. The electron concentration and electron energy in the plasma above the zone of the effect of the electron beam are calculated by solving the convection–diffusion equations for the density and mean electron energy. Numerical calculations in the construction of the model are carried out using a package of applied software Comsol 4.3, the Plasma Module and the extension DC discharge. The model can be used to calculate the plasma parameters both above the welding zone and directly in the penetration channel.     

国内外电子束焊接技术研究现状

综述了电子束焊接技术的国内外研究发展动态。简述了电子束焊接基本原理及国内外研究者已取得的部分研究成果，并展望了异种材料电子束焊接技术的研究方向。     

多激光束的整合及光束压缩的研究

介绍了多台He-Ne激光器输出光束的整合和光束压缩的方法。提出用多台低功率激光器经过一定的光路系统，对它们的输出光束进行整合，用望远镜准直系统对整合后的光束进行压缩，大大提高输出功率，且光束细锐，光束的能量强度达到高斯分布要求。     

Microstructure and fatigue crack growth behaviour of electron beam welding in 30CrMnSiNi2A steel

The effects of two post-weld heat treatment processes on the microstructure and fatigue properties of the electron beam welded joints of 30CrMnSiNi2A steel were studied. Electron beam local post-weld heat treatment ( EBLPWHT) , in a vacuum chamber, immediately after welding and a traditional furnace whole post-weld heat treatment (FWPWHT) were accepted. The experimental results show that, after EBLPWHT, the main microstructure of weld is changed from coarse acicular martensite into lath martensite, and base metal is changed from ferrite and perlite into upper bainite and residual austenite, however the microstructures of different zones of joints in FWPWHT conditions are tempered sorbite. The fatigue crack growth rate da/dN of welds and base metal are not obviously changed among EBLPWHT, FWPWHT test and as-welded (AW) test, as the mechanical properties of materials have a certain but not large effect on the da/dN of welded joints. The resistance to near threshold fatigue crack growth data of welded joints can be largely improved by EBLPWHT and it is related to microstructure and crack closure effect.     

拐点整改法在实际模具整改中的应用

由于U型、V型、S型结构纵梁的特殊性以及采用高强度钢板、高厚度钢板,极易导致纵梁的反弹、扭曲。拐点整改法从一定程度上优化了纵梁的反弹,在模具结构上取得了突破。     

团簇离子束纳米加工技术研究进展

团簇离子束是带电的团簇,可以在电场、磁场作用下加速、传输或偏转,形成几个eV到几个MeV能量的离子束。文中阐述了团簇离子束的基本概念、产生方法和主要应用。大尺寸气体团簇和硼基团簇必须用高压气体超声绝热膨胀方法产生,然后通过电子碰撞电离形成团簇正离子。硼团簇用于超浅结制备,实现了结深为10~20nm的超浅注入;包含数千原子的大团簇则被用于半导体的表面平化,获得了粗糙度在0.7nm以下的平滑表面。用铯溅射离子源可以产生几个到几十个原子的负离子小团簇,包括B、C、F、Si及其分子团簇(SiB、GeB)。其中,硼基分子团簇离子束已用于对半导体进行瞬态增强扩散掺杂,与半导体表面的离子注入非晶化工艺相结合,实现了接近纳米量级的超浅注入。碳系团簇最近被用于超薄材料制备,获得了单层和双层石墨烯,并发现团簇离子束引起的非线性辐照损伤对石墨烯的形成具有重要影响。结果表明:团簇离子技术在超大集成电路和新型超薄纳米材料制备等领域具有广泛的应用前景。