喷射沉积Al-3．8Li-0．8Mg-0．4Cu-0．13Zr合金的显微组织与拉伸性能

采用新型的喷射沉积快速凝固工艺制备了Ａｌ３．８Ｌｉ０．８Ｍｇ０．４Ｃｕ０．１３Ｚｒ合金，并对合金的显微组织与拉伸性能进行了实验研究。实验结果表明，沉积态合金组织为细小、均匀的等轴晶，晶粒尺寸大多在５～２０μｍ范围内。经热挤压后合金组织中的晶粒呈“砖块”状或“竹节”状形貌特征，晶界上破碎的氧化物很少。时效析出不规则形状的δ′相粒子和球壳状β′δ′复合沉淀相。δ′粒子的粗化速度较快，δ′粒子间距随时间增大的趋势不明显。喷射沉积ＡｌＬｉ合金短时间时效（１９０℃，１０ｈ）即可达到峰时效状态，此时材料的综合性能最优（σｂ＝５３４ＭＰａ，σ０．２＝４８０ＭＰａ，延伸率为１０％）。与粉末冶金ＡｌＬｉ合金相比，材料的塑性明显改善而强度相当。     

INFLUENCES OF MICRO ALLOY AND HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURE ON THE HARDENING OF DJ108TI ALLOY

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭａｎｙｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｉｓｔｓｈａｖｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｈｏｗｔｏｇｅｔｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｉｃｂｉｎａｒｙａｌｌｏｙｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓＡｌＳｉ,ＡｌＴｉａｎｄＡｌＭｎｅｃｔ．ｉｎａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｚｅｒ〔１,２〕．Ｇ．Ｑ．ＹａｎｇａｎｄＸ．Ｑ．Ｇｕｅｔｃ．ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄＡｌＳｉ（２０５％）Ｔｉ（０２５％）Ｆｅ（０３０％）ｍｕｌｔｉｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔａｌｌｏｙｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｚｉｎｇｂａｕｘｉｔｅｉｎ…     

Sc对Al-5.5%Zn-20%Mg合金组织和性能的影响

Ｓｃ对Ａｌ５５％Ｚｎ２０％Ｍｇ合金组织和性能的影响〔俄〕В．И．ЕЛАГЦН，В．В．ЗАХРОВ，Т．Д．РОСТОВА著谢燮揆译范靖亚校原文摘要：近几年来，俄罗斯对工业用可焊铝合金中热处理不可强化的ＡｌＭｇ系合金（０１５７０、０１５２３、０１...     

B—Al球墨铸铁球化工艺研究

选用ＡｌＭｇ合金废料作为试验用球化剂，试验研究了ＡｌＭｇ合金对铁水的球化效果。确定ＡｌＭｇ合金加入量为２０％～２６％（含Ｍｇ１０％）时可保证获得低硅球墨铸铁，球化效果良好。     

Sc对Al－Li－Cu－Mg－Zr合金组织与性能的影响

研究了Ｓｃ对Ａｌ—Ｌｉ—Ｃｕ—Ｍｇ—Ｚｒ合金的显微组织与拉伸性能的影响。结果表明，δ′（Ａｌ３Ｌｉ）和Ｓ′（Ａｌ２ＣｕＭｇ）仍为含Ｓｃ合金中的主要强化相，Ｓｃ细化了合金的晶粒，降低了δ′颗粒的长大速度，促进Ｓ′相的析出和均匀弥散分布，还使合金析出Ａｌ３Ｓｃ颗粒和Ａｌ３Ｌｉ／Ａｌ３Ｓｃ复合析出相颗粒，这两种颗粒都有益于合金的性能。因此，加入Ｓｃ后合金表现出良好的强塑性配合。     

Sc对Al—Li—Cu—Mg—Zr合金组织与性能的影响

研究了Ｓｃ对Ａｌ－Ｌｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｍｇ－Ｚｒ合金的显微组织与拉伸性能的影响，结果表明，δ＇（Ａｌ３Ｌｉ）和Ｓ＇（Ａｌ２ＣｕＭｇ）仍为含Ｓｃ合金中的主要强化相，Ｓｃ细化了合金的晶粒，降低了δ＇颗粒的长大速度。促进了Ｓ＇相的析出和均匀弥散分布，还使合金析出Ａｌ３Ｓｃ颗粒和Ａｌ３Ｌｉ／Ａｌ３Ｓｃ复合析出相颗粒，这两种颗粒都有益于合金的性能，因此，加入Ｓｃ后合金表现出良好的强塑性配合。     

热处理工艺对AlSi7.0Mg0.3和AlSi7.0Mg0.3Sr合金组织的影响

研究了热处理工艺对定向凝固条件下ＡｌＳｉ 合金共晶组织的影响。通过多级长时间的固溶处理及回火处理,ＡｌＳｉ７－０Ｍｇ０－３０ 和ＡｌＳｉ７－０ Ｍｇ０－３Ｓｒ 合金中的共晶体体积分数在较快冷却速度时要比慢速冷却时的高,而共晶体中硅粒子的体积分数则有较大幅度的降低。经过热处理后,不同凝固条件下的ＡｌＳｉ 合金的共晶硅粒子的平均截面积、平均自由间距与形状系数都较铸态时有较大的提高,而共晶硅粒子的细化度则有明显的减少。即使经过长时间的热处理,加入微量锶的影响仍然存在。     

喷射沉积Al—2.15Li—1.28Mg—1.26Cu—0.10Zr合金的拉伸断裂行为

采用新型的喷射沉积工艺制备了Ａｌ２．１５Ｌｉ１．２８Ｍｇ１．２６Ｃｕ０．１０Ｚｒ合金，对其不同时效状态的拉伸性能及断裂行为进行了研究。实验结果表明，喷射沉积ＡｌＬｉ合金经１９０℃、２０ｈ时效后达到峰时效状态，此时材料的综合性能最优（σｂ＝５２８ＭＰａ，σ０．２＝４２０ＭＰａ，延伸率为１２％）。固溶淬火态实验合金拉伸断口为完全穿晶韧窝型。时效态合金的断裂方式为穿晶和沿晶混合型。随时效时间的延长，沿晶断裂的比例增加。实验合金沿晶断裂的原因是位错的共面滑移、晶界无析出区和晶界平衡相的析出     

新型细化剂对Al—Si—Cu合金组织和性能的影响

研究表明，ＡｌＴｉＣ系新型细化剂可使ＡｌＳｉＣｕ合金的铸态晶粒尺寸由４０００～５０００μｍ细化到２００～３００μｍ，共晶硅相的形状和尺寸由５０μｍ×２μｍ的长条细化到１μｍ左右的圆点，合金力学性能明显提高     

退火工艺对Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金组织与性能的影响

研究了退火温度和退火时间对含微量Ｓｃ和Ｚｒ的Ａｌ５Ｍｇ合金的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：该合金在热轧—冷轧后１３０℃,３ｈ退火处理可获得最佳的力学性能,σ０．２＝３０８ＭＰａ,σｂ＝４０６ＭＰａ,δ＝１５％;退火过程中,由于Ａｌ３（Ｓｃ,Ｚｒ）第二相对位错和亚晶界的钉扎作用,合金中依次发生不同程度的回复和部分再结晶。     

Effect of minor Sc and Zr addition on grain refinement of as-cast AI-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys

The optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy as well as energy dispersive spectroscopy were employed to investigate the influence of joint addition of Sc and Zr on grain refinement of AI-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys.Results show that the addition of 0.20% Sc has a little effect on grain refinement because Sc is mainly dissolved into the matrix and hardly any primary Al3Sc particles are precipitated. The alloy with addition of 0.30% Sc and 0.16%Zr has more equiaxed grains than that of others,giving cast grain sizes as fine as 13μm. This is because the Sc substitutes for AI atom in the AI-Zr crystal cell and forms AI-Sc-Zr unit cell,which grows and becomes AI3(Scx,Zr1.x)particle,acting as a nucleus for the formation of a-AI. The addition of 0.04% Ti and 0.008% B makes the grain size drop from 250 μm to 50 μm. Its refinement effect is less than the 13 μm achieved by the alloy including 0.30% Sc and 0.16% Zr.     

添加微量Sc、Zr对超高强铝合金微观结构和性能的影响

采用低频电磁铸造技术制备Al-9Zn-2.8Mg-2.5Cu-x Zr-y Sc（x=0,0.15%,0.15%;y=0,0.05%,0.15%）合金,借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、力学性能测试等手段分别对其均匀化、热挤压态、固溶态和时效态的组织与性能进行对比分析。结果表明：添加微量Sc和Zr,会在凝固过程中形成初生Al3（Sc,Zr）,可显著细化合金铸态晶粒;均匀化时形成的次生Al3（Sc,Zr）粒子可以强烈钉扎位错和亚晶界,有效抑制变形组织的再结晶,显著提高合金的力学性能。与不含Sc、Zr的合金相比,含0.05%Sc和0.15%Zr的合金经固溶处理和峰值时效处理后其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高172 MPa和218 MPa,其强化作用主要来自含Sc、Zr化合物对合金起到的亚结构强化、析出强化和细晶强化。     

Effects of Sc, Zr and Ti on the microstructure and properties of Al alloys with high Mg content

The effects of trace Sc, Zr, and Ti on the microstructure and hardness of Al alloys with high Mg content (Al-6Mg, Al-8Mg, and Al-10Mg) were studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brinell hardness. The grain size of the as-cast alloys was refined by the addition of Sc and Zr, and it was further refined by the addition of Ti. With the same contents of Sc, Zr, and Ti, an increase in Mg content was beneficial to the refinement due to the solution of Mg into α-Al. The refined micro-structures of the as-cast alloys were favorable for Brineil hardness. Addition of Sc, Zr, and Ti to the Al-10Mg alloy results in the improve-ment of peak hardness and it is about 45% higher than that of the Al-10Mg alloy, which is due to fine precipitations of Al_3(Sc_(1-x)Zr_x), Al_3(Sc_(1-x)Ti_x), and Al_3(Sc_(1-x-y)Zr_xTi_y).     

固溶处理对Al-9.0Zn-2.8Mg-2.5Cu-0.12Zr-0.03Sc铝合金组织性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、差热分析(DSC)和透射电镜(TEM)研究复合添加0.03%Sc 与0.12%Zr 及固溶处理对Al?9.0Zn?2.8Mg?2.5Cu合金组织性能的影响,以及添加少量(小于0.1%)的Sc是否能得到高性能铝合金。结果表明：添加0.03%Sc与0.12%Zr可以使Al?9.0Zn?2.8Mg?2.5Cu合金出现“花瓣状”的Al3(Sc,Zr)析出相;Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子对位错有强烈的钉扎作用,明显抑制 Al?9.0Zn?2.8Mg?2.5Cu 合金在均匀化和挤压过程中的再结晶;多级固溶明显优于单级固溶,可以在添加少量Sc(小于0.1%)时,避免Al?9.0Zn?2.8Mg?2.5Cu发生再结晶：(420°C,3 h)+(465°C,2 h)为最佳固溶条件,此时Al?9.0Zn?2.8Mg?2.5Cu?0.12Zr?0.03Sc合金的抗拉强度为777.29 MPa,伸长率为11.84%。     

Ti、Sc、Zr对铝合金微观组织的影响

制备了含Ti、Sc、Zr的铝合金,测量了平均晶粒直径和硬度,并利用金相显微镜、XRD、SEM和EDS等方法研究其细化及强化机理。结果表明：Ti元素能显著细化合金的晶粒,但不能提高合金的硬度;0.2%Sc对合金晶粒细化不太显著,但对硬度提高非常显著;0.13%Zr添加时,其细化效果略好于0.20%Sc,而对硬度的影响略低于0.20%Sc;当三者同时添加时,得到较好的细化及强化效果。     

Effects of minor Sr,Sn and Sc addition on as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of ZA84 magnesium alloy

The effects of minor Sr, Sn and Sc addition on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of the ZA84 magnesium alloy were compared. The results indicate that addition of 0.1%Sr, 0.5%Sn or 0.3%Sc (mass fraction) to the ZA84 alloy can refine the grains of the alloy. Furthermore, addition of 0.1%Sr to the ZA84 alloy does not obviously change the morphology and distribution of Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phase. However, addition of 0.5%Sn or 0.3%Sc not only refines and modifies the Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phase but also suppresses the formation of Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phase, especially with the addition of 0.3%Sc. Furthermore, addition of 0.1%Sr, 0.5%Sn or 0.3%Sc to the ZA84 alloy improves the tensile properties at room temperature and 150℃, especially with the addition of 0.1%Sr and 0.3%Sc. However, addition of 0.1%Sr is not beneficial to the creep properties, and addition of 0.5%Sn has no obvious influence on the creep properties. Oppositely, addition of 0.3%Sc to the ZA84 alloy greatly improves the creep properties.     

Influence of magnesium on grain refinement and ductility in a dilute Al–Sc alloy

Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of magnesium additions on grain refinement and tensile ductility in an Al–0.2% Sc alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP). The experiments show ECAP reduces the average grain size to within the range of ∼0.70 to ∼0.20 μm for alloys containing from 0 to 3% Mg but the as-pressed grain size increases to ∼0.3 μm in an alloy with 5% Mg because it is then necessary to use additional annealing treatments during the pressing process. The ultrafine grains introduced by ECAP are stable to high temperatures in the alloys containing from 0 to 3% Mg: in all alloys, the average grain size is <5 μm after annealing for 1 h at temperatures up to ∼750 K. High superplastic ductilities were achieved in the alloy containing 3% Mg but alloys containing 0.5% and 1% Mg exhibited the enhanced ductilities generally associated with conventional Al–Mg alloys. The results suggest the addition of ∼3% Mg is optimum for achieving superplastic elongations at rapid strain rates in the Al–0.2% Sc alloy.     

Effect of minor Zr and Sc on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Cr–V alloys

The effects of minor contents of Zr and Sc on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Cr–V alloy were studied. The results show that the effects of minor Zr and Sc on the as-cast grain refinement in the ingots, the improvement in the strength of the as-extruded alloys and the restriction of high angle grain boundaries in the aged alloys can be sorted as Al₃Sc>Al₃(Zr,Sc)>Al₃Zr. None of them could stop the nucleation of recrystallization, but Al₃(Zr,Sc) phase is a more effective inhibitor of dislocation movement compared to Al₃Sc in the aged alloys. Compared with the mechanical properties of the aged alloy added only 0.15% Sc, the joint addition of Zr and Sc to the alloy leads to a very slight decrease in strength with even no cost of ductility. Taking both the production cost and the little bad influence on mechanical properties into consideration, an optimal content of Zr and Sc in the Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Cr–V alloy to substitute 0.15% Sc is 0.13% Zr+0.03% Sc.     

Effect of impurities of Fe and Si on the structure and strengthening upon annealing of the Al–0.2% Zr–0.1% Sc alloys with and without Y additive

The effect of impurities of Fe and Si on the microstructure and kinetics of the change in the hardness during annealing of the cast Al–0.2% Zr–0.1% Sc and Al–0.2% Zr–0.1% Sc–0.2% Y alloys has been studied. It has been found that the presence of the impurities of Fe and Si in the Al–0.2% Zr–0.1% Sc alloy leads to a partial binding of scandium into the (Al, Fe, Si, Sc) and (Al, Fe, Sc) phases of crystallization origin and to the corresponding depletion of the aluminum solid solution of Sc. It has been shown that as a result, the strengthening is significantly decreases upon annealing. The addition of 0.2% Y into the Al–0.2% Zr–0.1% Sc alloy with impurities of Fe and Si leads to the formation of the Al₃Y and (Al, Y, Fe, Si) phases, whereas Sc is completely dissolved in the aluminum solid solution. It has been shown that the addition of Y leads to an increase in the thermal stability of the alloys during annealing at temperatures of 250, 300, and 370°C and eliminates the negative effect of impurities of Fe and Si.     

微量Cr、Mn、Zr、Ti、B元素对铸态AlZnMgCu合金的晶粒细化效果的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析仪考察了Cr、Mn、Zr、Ti、B的联合加入对AlZnMgCu合金的晶粒细化效果。结果发现在铸态合金中同时加入Cr-Mn-Ti-B时晶粒尺寸由256 μm 降为102 μm。而当联合加入Ti-Zr-B后能产生更加强的细化效果，晶粒平均尺寸降为55 μm。这是因为Cr、Mn原子簇团有利于促进Al3Ti形核并成为其结晶基底。当联合加入Cr、Mn、Zr、Ti、B时则可产生更加明显的晶粒细化效果，平均晶粒尺寸变为22 μm。这是因为富Cr、Mn原子簇团在成为Al3Ti结晶核心后，部分Zr原子置换了其中的Ti原子形成了新的Al3(Tix, Zr1-x)结晶核心。而过渡族金属Cr、Mn还能降低液体金属和Al3Ti和Al3(Tix, Zr1-x)的表面张力，抑制结晶核心的长大。