Preparation and microwave absorbency of Fe/epoxy and FeNi3/epoxy composites

The focus of this study was placed on the lightness of microwave absorbing effective metal/epoxy composites. For such a focus, high aspect ratio of flake iron powder and high absorbing FeNi₃ were prepared. The iron powder particle size was reduced significantly through wet milling, comparing to dry milling. The FeNi₃ alloy powders were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA); then, the particle size was reduced through wet milling. The iron powder and FeNi₃ alloy were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. SEM of the metal particles showed the flake and small structure by wet milling. The microwave absorbing effectiveness of metal/epoxy composite was affected by the structure, loading and dispersion of metal materials. The polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) plays an important role in suspending metal powders in wet milling to reduce powder size. Besides, the PVP will be a coupling agent in inhibiting the aggregation and enhancing the interfacial interaction between metal and epoxy. Results suggested that after the above manufacturing process, the microwave absorbency was enhanced substantially. Composite films of Fe/epoxy and FeNi₃/epoxy 1.6 mm in thickness possessed a microwave absorbency above 10 dB at 9.2-15.2 GHz and 13.1-16.2 GHz, respectively.     

富碳β-SiC的燃烧法合成及微波介电性能

以硅粉和炭黑为原料,利用燃烧合成法,在0.1MPa 的N_2气氛下合成了β-SiC粉体.对其进行拉曼光谱和SEM表征,结果表明:合成的SiC为含有C反位缺陷C_(si)和石墨态sp~2C的富C β-SiC固溶体.添加剂聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)含量为10%时合成的SiC粉体为等轴状团聚颗粒,粒径约为0.2μm,随着PTFE添加量的增加,SiC粉体颗粒的平均粒径增大.在8.2～12.4 GHz频率范围对所合成SiC的介电常数进行测试,发现15%PTFE时合成的SiC粉体具有较好的介电常数实部ε'、虚部ε"和介电损耗tanδ,对其微波损耗机理进行了讨论.     

Rapid synthesis and properties of color-tunable phosphors SrMoO_4:Eu~(3+),Tb~(3+)

Color-tunable phosphors Sr_(0.94)MoO_4 :xEu~(3+),(0.06-x)Tb~(3+) were synthesized rapidly by microwave radiation method with active carbon particle as microwave absorbent. The synthesized phosphors were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The effects of the ratio of Eu~(3+) and Tb~(3+) on the phase structure and luminescent properties of the phosphors were discussed. The results show that Eu~(3+),Tb~(3+)-doped samples can be well indexed to the pure tetragonal scheelitetype SrMoO_4, indicating that Eu~(3+) and Tb~(3+) are effectively doped into the SrMoO_4 host lattices. The as-synthesized SrO 94 MoO_4:xEu~(3+),(0.06-x)Tb~(3+) phosphors have two luminescent centers(Eu~(3+) and Tb~(3+)), which can show red and green emissions under ultraviolet light excitation, respectively. Doping concentration of Eu~(3+) and Tb~(3+) has great effect on the intensity of emission peaks and the chromaticity of the samples, and the full color between green and red light can be achieved by adjusting the relative concentration of Eu~(3+)and Tb~(3+).     

纳米银粉的制备及表征

采用化学还原法制备了纳米Ag粉,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、红外吸收光谱(FT-IR)、热失重分析(TGA)和差示扫描量热分析(DSC)等测试手段对样品进行性能表征.结果表明:在所选择的实验条件下制备了类球形分布、分散性好的Ag纳米颗粒,其粒径主要分布在10～50nm范围,平均粒径为26nm,晶体结构与相应的块体材料基本相同,为fcc结构,具有很强的吸附性.     

直接沉淀法合成Sc_2O_3纳米粉

研究了直接沉淀法合成Sc2O3纳米粉的工艺。以硝酸钪[Sc（NO3）3]为母盐,氨水（NH3.H2O）作沉淀剂,采用直接沉淀法合成出网状的前躯沉淀物,同时分析了前驱体的热分解过程。通过X射线衍射和红外光谱对前躯体的物相组成进行了定性分析,结果表明,该前躯沉淀物为γ-ScOOH.nH2O与NH4Sc3（SO4）2（OH）6.nH2O的两相混合物。前躯体经过微化处理后,在1 000℃的温度下煅烧,生成的Sc2O3纳米粉具有纯度较高、颗粒粒度小（40 nm）、粒度分布窄、近似球形Sc2O3的性能,但是粉体产生了轻微团聚的现象。     

Preparation of hollow ceramic microspheres absorbent based on self-reactive quenching technology

Al+Ba O2 +Fe2O3 +sucrose and O2 as reaction system and feeding gas, respectively, are used to prepare hollow multiphase ceramic microspheres(HMCMs) absorbent based on self-reactive quenching technology. The morphologies, particle size distribution,hollow structure and phase compositions were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and size analysis. The results show that the quenching products possess high sphere-forming rate, and most of them are hollow structures. Owing to the self-burst,the particle size is between 40 and 70 lm. The phase compositions contain Al2O3, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Ba2Fe14O22,Ba O2 and Ba Fe4O7. The microwave absorbing tests show that the lowest reflectivity of HMCMs is-19 d B. The frequency bands less than-10 d B are from 13.0 to15.8 GHz. The reasons for HMCMs possessing good microwave absorbing properties may be their magnetic and electrical properties as well as special hollow structure.     

High energy pulsed plasma arc synthesis and material characteristics of nanosized aluminum powder

Using a modified concept of an electrothermal gun powered by a high energy electrical pulse, aluminum nanopowder, whose average particle size ranges from 40 to 110 nm, has been synthesized by discharging and quencing aluminum plasma arc vapor in the argon gas. The characterization of produced aluminum nanopowder has been performed by using SEM, TEM, BET, XRD, and SAXS, and the results show the spherical aluminum nanoparticles with an amorphous oxide layer of passivation whose thickness is 2 nm to 3 nm. Thermal analysis of 44 nm and 80 nm aluminum nanopowders using TG and DSC shows that the aluminum nanopowder with a smaller particle size has increased reactivity during oxidation, such as a lower oxidation onset temperature. However, as the average particle size becomes smaller, the active aluminum content decreases rapidly, so 80 nm to 120 nm-sized aluminum nanopowder might be useful as an energetic material.     

Comparison of different tungsten precursors for preparation of tungsten nanopowder by RF induction thermal plasma

Tungsten nanopowders were synthesized using three different precursors: commercial tungsten (W), tungsten trioxide (WO₃), and ammonium paratungstate (APT) by radio-frequency (RF) induction thermal plasma in the presence and absence of H₂. The crystalline structure, morphology, and particle size of the synthesized tungsten nanopowders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The W nanopowder obtained using APT precursor was found to be the most homogeneous and smallest nanoparticles and showed the largest α-W phase (stable) fraction, which is the preferred phase for tungsten because of its superior properties to those of the β-W phase (metastable).     

工艺参数对阳极弧放电等离子体制备镍纳米粉的影响

在Ar惰性保护气氛中，采用阳极弧放电等离子方法用自行研制的装置制备出了高纯Ni纳米粉末。研究了在制备过程中电弧电流、气体压力等工艺参数对纳米粉产率及粒度的影响。利用XRD、TEM对制得的样品的形貌、晶体结构、粒度及其分布进行测定。结果表明，适当控制某些工艺参数就能制取粒径范围在20nm～100nm的纳米粉，在其它工艺参数不变条件下，气压升高或电弧电流增大，都会使粒度增大，产率提高。     

Processing parameters for Cu nanopowders prepared by anodic arc plasma

Copper nanopowders were successfully prepared by anodic arc discharging plasma method with home-made experimental apparatus.The effects of various processing parameters on the particle size of Cu nanopowders were investigated in the process,and the optimum processing parameters were obtained.In addition,the morphology,crystal structure,particle size distribution of the nanopowders were characterized via X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction(SAED).The experimental results show that the crystal structure of the samples is the same fcc structure as that of the bulk materials.The processing parameters play a major role in controlling the particle size.The particle size increases with the increase of the arc current or gas pressure.     

约束弧等离子体制备铝纳米粉体工艺

采用约束弧等离子体方法成功制备了高纯铝纳米粉末,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和相应选区电子衍射(SAED)对样品的晶体结构、形貌、粒度进行性能表征。对约束弧等离子体方法制备金属纳米粉的形成和长大过程进行了分析,并对制备过程中工艺参数(气体种类和压力、电弧电流等)对纳米粉产率及粒度的影响规律进行了讨论。实验结果表明:本法所制备的铝纳米粉末的晶体结构为fcc结构的晶态,呈规则的球形。适当控制某些工艺参数就能制取粒径在20~100 nm的纳米粉,在其它工艺参数一定时,随着工作气压升高、电流强度的增加,产率和平均粒径都随之增大。     

A low-cost,efficient, and industrially feasible pathway for large scale preparation of tungsten nanopowders

Tungsten (W) is the most commonly used high-temperature refractory metal in many critical fields such as aerospace, military and electronic industries etc. This paper proposes a low-cost, efficient, and industrially feasible pathway for large scale preparation of tungsten nanoparticles via the combination of carbothermic reduction and hydrogen reduction processes. The new strategy involves the preparation process of pre-reduction W powder by reducing commercial WO₃ with insufficient carbon black at 1050 °C or 1150 °C to avoid the residue of carbon, and the deep reduction process of pre-reduction W powder by hydrogen 725 °C. By this process, most of the oxygen in WO₃ was reduced by carbon, and W particles with a much smaller size could be obtained owing to the absence of the volatile tungsten oxide, such as WO₂(OH)₂, which leads to the serious increase of particle size during the hydrogen reduction process. Tungsten nanoparticles with average particle sizes of about 40 nm and 75 nm have been successfully synthesized at 1050 °C and 1150 °C, respectively, with the residual carbon content as low as about 0.01%. This process can be readily extended to a large-scale industrial production of W nanopowders. Additionally, this new strategy has great potential to prepare other pure metals (or nanopowders) from their metal oxides via combining of carbothermic reduction (main process) and further reduction of other reducing agents.     

La-Ho-Fe合金的制备及其微波吸收特性研究

采用电弧熔炼及高能球磨工艺制备出LaxHo2-xFe17(x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) 合金微粉,借助XRD、SEM、VSM和网络矢量分析仪等仪器分别研究La替换对合金微粉的结构、形貌、磁性能及其微波吸收性能的影响。结果表明, 随着La含量的增加,饱和磁化强度和平均颗粒大小都有所增加。LaxHo2-xFe17合金的最小反射峰频率向低频方向移动。其中La0.2Ho1.8Fe17合金具有最好的吸波效果,在最佳匹配厚度1.8 mm下,La0.2Ho1.8Fe17合金的最小反射损耗在8.72 GHz处达到-28.72 dB,反射损耗小于-10 dB的频带宽度达到2.32 GHz。当厚度在1.2-2.4 mm范围里,La0.2H1.8Fe17合金的反射损耗均小于-10 dB,这表明LaxHo2-xFe17是有前途的微波吸收材料,并具有良好的吸收特性。     

Tb掺杂对CoNbZr纳米薄膜软磁性和微波磁性的影响

采用磁控溅射工艺制备CoNbZrTb纳米薄膜,研究了掺杂稀土元素Tb对薄膜软磁性能、微波磁导率及其频谱特性的影响.结果表明:少量Tb 掺杂(＜2%,摩尔分数)对该类薄膜的微结构和软磁性能影响较小,薄膜仍可保持非晶态结构和良好的软磁性能,但Tb掺杂可以显著增强薄膜磁谱的弛豫性,从而影响其微波磁导率和磁损耗;随Tb 掺杂量的增加,薄膜的磁各向异性场和共振频率得以有效提高;薄膜样品在2 GHz处复磁导率的虚部均大于200.掺杂少量Tb的CoNbZrTb非晶态纳米薄膜在109 Hz微波段具有较高磁损耗,有望在超薄层吸波材料中获得应用.     

Growth mechanism of Cu nanopowders prepared by anodic arc plasma

1 Introduction In recent years, the research and development for metal nanopowders has attracted significant interest and it is still the subject of intense investigation owing to their intriguing properties and extensive prospects [1-5]. Metal nanopowder…     

剥离的碳化钛（d-Ti3C2Tx）纳米片吸波性能

目的研究剥离的碳化钛(d-Ti3C2Tx)纳米片的吸波性能。方法利用HCl/LiF刻蚀,通过高速离心的方法得到d-Ti3C2Tx纳米片。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析d-Ti3C2Tx的物相组成。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对d-Ti3C2Tx进行形貌分析。利用原子力显微镜(AFM)测量了d-Ti3C2Tx纳米片的厚度。利用矢量网络分析仪(VNA)测试了d-Ti3C2Tx纳米片与石蜡复合材料X波段的电磁参数。利用Cole-Cole图分析了复合材料的损耗来源,并通过电磁参数计算分析了d-Ti3C2Tx的吸波性能。结果d-Ti3C2Tx纳米片与石蜡复合材料的介电实部/虚部随着d-Ti3C2Tx浓度的增加而增大,极化的增强和电导网络的扩大是导致复合材料介电实部/虚部增加的主要原因。Cole-Cole图分析表明,复合材料中存在多种类型的极化,这分别是由缺陷、官能团和界面等引起的多重弛豫极化。吸波性能分析表明,通过改变d-Ti3C2Tx浓度,可以调控复合材料的吸波性能。当填充量达到15%时,吸波性能最佳。其在厚度为4 mm下最小反射损耗为−20.1 dB,相应的微波吸收带宽(<‒10 dB)为1.9 GHz。结论d-Ti3C2Tx/石蜡复合材料表现了优异的微波吸收性能,且通过改变d-Ti3C2Tx浓度,可以调控d-Ti3C2Tx复合材料的微波吸收性能。     

约束弧等离子体制备镍纳米粉体及磁学性质

采用约束弧等离子体方法成功制备出了高纯Ni纳米粉体，运用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）对样品的结构、形貌和磁学性质进行了表征。研究了工艺条件对电弧状态和粉体形貌的影响，实验结果表明，约束弧等离子方法能制备出纯净的Ni纳米粉体，并能有效控制粒子的粒径，粉体的比饱和磁化强度低于块体，矫顽力高于块体，饱和磁化强度和矫顽力均随着颗粒度的减小而降低。     

表面钝化纳米铝粉的制备及氧化机理分析

采用高频感应线圈加热,以蒸发-冷凝法制备了纳米铝粉,用空气进行钝化处理,得到有钝化层保护的纳米铝粉.使用透射电镜、场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射、差热分析DTA等测试手段,研究了表面钝化处理对纳米铝粉抗氧化性能的影响.结果表明:经过表面钝化处理的纳米铝粉粒径范围为15～60nm,纳米铝粉表面包覆了3～5nm厚的氧化铝膜,形成明显的核/壳结构,具有较好的抗氧化性能,这对于纳米铝粉的存储、活性保护机理的探讨有一定的意义.     

Microwave absorbing properties of La0.8Ba0.2MnO3 nano-particles

La0.8Ba0.2MnO3 nano-particles were synthesized by sol-gel process, and the crystal structure and morphology＇ were characterized by XRD and SEM, respectively. The complex permittivity and permeability were determined by microwave vector network analyzer in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz. The relationship between reflection coefficient and microwave frequency of La0.8Ba0.2 MnO3 was calculated based on measured data. The results show that the average diameter of La0.8Ba0.2MnO3 crystal powders is about 80 nm and the crystal structure is perovskite when being calcined at 800 ℃ for 2 h. The microwave absorbing peak is 13 dB at 6.7 GHz and the effective absorbing bandwidth above 10 dB reaches 1.8 GHz for the sample with the thickness of 2.6 mm. The microwave absorption can be attributed to both the dielectric loss and the magnetic loss from the loss tangents of the sample, but the former is greater than the latter.     

PVP对石墨烯/Fe3O4复合吸波材料形貌及吸波性能的影响

目的研究分散剂PVP对Fe_3O_4在石墨烯表面分散性的影响,以获得吸波性能良好的吸波材料。方法采用溶剂热法制备石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合吸波材料,通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析仪、X射线光电子能谱、矢量网络分析仪等对石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合吸波材料进行表征,并研究了PVP添加与否在石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合吸波材料形貌及吸波性能的影响。结果添加PVP后的石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合吸波材料与未添加PVP的相比,Fe_3O_4在石墨烯表面的团聚现象明显减少,尺寸显著减小。通过计算机模拟反射率,未添加PVP的石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合吸波材料在匹配厚度d=2.00 mm时,在16.25 GHz处达到最大反射损耗-18.79 dB,复合材料反射损耗小于-10 dB的频带宽度可达4.1 GHz。添加PVP的复合材料在匹配厚度d=2.00 mm时,在16.25 GHz处达到最大反射损耗-25.88 dB,复合材料反射损耗小于-10 dB的频带宽度可达4.5 GHz,相比未添加PVP的复合吸波材料,反射损耗小于-10 dB的频带宽度增加0.4 GHz,最大反射损耗提高7.09 dB。结论 PVP能提高Fe_3O_4在石墨烯表面的分散性,并在石墨烯表面形成良好的导电网络,使复合材料的吸波性能明显提升。