铸铁基体上激光熔覆Hganas钴基合金凝固组织的研究

用同步送粉器在白口铸铁基体上激光熔覆了Hganas钴基合金。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及附件、X射线衍射仪分析了熔覆层的凝固组织特征。熔覆层细小均匀,与基体搭接处为柱状晶,表层为细小枝晶。两道搭接处涂层晶体的结晶方向沿袭第一道的结晶方向。同时分析了缺陷产生的原因和控制方法。     

铸铁基体上激光熔覆H(o)ganas钴基合金凝固组织的研究

用同步送粉器在白口铸铁基体上激光熔覆了Hoeganas钴基合金。利用光学显微镜，扫描电镜及附件，X射线衍射仪分析了熔覆层的凝固组织特征，熔覆层细小均匀，与基体搭接处为柱状晶，表层为细小枝晶，两道搭接处涂层晶体的结晶方向沿袭第一道的结晶方向，同时分析了缺陷产生的原因和控制方法。     

纳米A_2lO_3对激光熔覆钴基合金涂层组织的影响

利用5kWCO2激光器,在镍基高温合金表面熔覆纳米Al2O3/钴基合金复合材料,制备了涂层。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了熔覆层的组织结构。结果表明,加入纳米Al2O3,界面的生长形态发生变化,由细长的柱状树枝晶转变为较短的树枝晶;纳米Al2O3含量大于1%时整个断面获得等轴枝晶组织;纳米Al2O3作为异质形核的核心,细化了组织;纳米Al2O3在熔覆层中分布不均匀,促进了γ-Co向ε-Co的转变;熔覆层的亚结构为层错。对熔覆层的组织形成机理进行了分析。     

激光立体成形K465高温合金的组织研究

采用激光立体成形技术制备了K465镍基高温合金试样,研究了晶粒、γ′强化相及碳化物等组织的特征及演化规律。结果表明:试样中心区域内晶粒粗大,顶部边缘区域晶粒细小;试样内枝晶呈现明显的沿沉积方向外延生长特点,在接近试样底部的部分,熔覆层顶部由于重熔不完全而出现转向枝晶区;熔覆层交界处的γ′相尺寸略大于层内的γ′相,枝晶间的γ′相尺寸略大于枝晶干上的γ′相;MC碳化物呈现多种形貌,底部存在分叉发达的花瓣状MC碳化物,中部有较多短棒状MC碳化物,顶部存在棒状和八面体状的MC碳化物。     

La2O3对激光熔覆铁基合金层硬度及其分布的影响

通过扫描电镜(SEM)研究了稀土氧化物La2O3对铁基合金激光熔覆层组织形貌的影响，用纳米硬度探针测定了熔覆层与基体界面附近和搭接区的硬度和弹性模量，并用MT3型显微硬度计测试了多道熔覆层硬度的面分布．结果表明，稀土的加入细化了晶粒，减小了二次枝晶间距；近界面和搭接区的纳米硬度和弹性模量有不同程度的提高．硬度面分布测量结果表明，加入稀土后熔覆层的平均硬度(HV)约为500，比未加稀土的提高约50，本文还讨论了稀土作用的机理。     

激光熔覆制备ZrC颗粒增强金属基复合表层组织

采用激光熔覆搭接技术 ,在中碳钢基体上制备出原位析出的颗粒增强金属基复合材料表层。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪 ,对熔覆层显微组织特征以及硬质颗粒的分布规律进行了观察、分析。熔覆层显微组织特征是树枝状的先共晶奥氏体分布在共晶基体上的亚共晶组织 ;组织发生了马氏体相变 ;熔覆层与基体成良好的冶金结合 ;熔覆层内析出的颗粒是以ZrC为主的复合碳化物 ,分布在枝晶内与枝晶间。随多道搭接的进行熔覆层组织中枝晶的排列方向由平行变得紊乱 ;奥氏体转变为马氏体的数量增多 ;熔覆层中颗粒数量增多 ,颗粒尺寸变大。     

纳米A2lO3对激光熔覆钴基合金涂层组织的影响

利用5kW CO2激光器，在镍基高温合金表面熔覆纳米Al2O3／钴基合金复合材料，制备了涂层。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了熔覆层的组织结构。结果表明，加入纳米Al2O3，界面的生长形态发生变化，由细长的柱状树枝晶转变为较短的树枝晶；纳米Al2O3含量大于1％时整个断面获得等轴枝晶组织；纳米Al2O3作为异质形核的核心，细化了组织；纳米Al2O3在熔覆层中分布不均匀，促进了γ-Co向ε—Co的转变；熔覆层的亚结构为层错。对熔覆层的组织形成机理进行了分析。     

激光表面熔覆制备ODS Ni基高温合金涂层的凝固组织

采用横流CO2激光，在Ni基高温合金表面制备了纳米Al2O3弥散强化(ODS)Ni基合金熔覆层。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及EDS附件分析了熔覆层的组织结构。结果表明：界面晶粒的生长方向为垂直于界面的“外延式”生长；加入纳米Al2O3，界面的生长形态发生变化，由细长的柱状树枝晶转变为较短的树枝晶；纳米Al2O3含量增大至1％时整个断面获得等轴枝晶组织；纳米Al2O3作为异质形核的核心，细化了组织。     

面向泵阀的钴基合金激光熔覆层组织与性能特征

目的改善泵阀密封面质量,延长其使用寿命和提高泵阀使用可靠性。方法在已做单道涂层预实验基础上,采用大功率光纤耦合半导体激光器于泵阀材料ZG45平板上制备多道钴基合金熔覆层。利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)、显微硬度计、盐雾腐蚀箱等实验测试仪器,分析熔覆层组织形态特征、成分、显微硬度及腐蚀行为,确定多道钴基涂层的工艺参数及性能。结果多道钴基熔覆层存在可行的工艺参数,熔覆层致密,且与基材形成冶金结合。涂层显微组织主要由柱状晶、胞状晶、柱状树枝晶及枝间共晶组织组成,主要相为γ-Co、Cr_(23)C_6。枝晶中心主要由Co和Fe元素组成,其含量从枝晶中心向周围区域递减。枝晶间化合物主要由Cr、C、W元素组成,其含量均匀分布于枝晶间。涂层的平均显微硬度为586.5HV_(0.3),是基体的2.8倍以上,显微硬度随着稀释率的降低而增加。熔覆层的耐盐雾性能显著提高。结论基于钴基合金的表面激光熔覆技术可以有效地提高其硬度和耐腐蚀性,可用于泵阀密封面的表面性能强化。     

激光熔覆Inconel718合金裂纹分析及裂纹控制研究

目的 针对K418合金表面激光熔覆裂纹萌生、元素偏析等难题，探究裂纹萌生与元素偏析之间的关系，利用后处理工艺进行裂纹的修复及偏析现象的控制。方法 在K418合金表面激光熔覆了Inconel718合金，以基体及熔覆材料的热物性参数和界面元素匹配性为出发点，对熔覆中裂纹的敏感性进行了分析。结果 合金元素的偏析造成了裂纹的萌生与扩展。基体热影响区裂纹的形成与热影响区内析出的块状碳氮化物有关，熔覆层裂纹与枝晶间析出的不规则链状Laves相有关。采用激光重熔工艺对熔覆层进行了后处理，试验结果表明，重熔后的组织致密，晶粒细小均匀，无裂纹及粘粉等明显缺陷。激光重熔减少了基体热影响区及熔覆层中因元素偏析产生的碳氮化物及Laves相的尺寸及数量，重熔后覆层的摩擦因数为0.55，比重熔前下降了49.5%，具有良好的减摩特性；磨损率为3.15×10-4 mm3/(N?mm)，比重熔前下降了37.5%，耐磨性能得到提升。结论 激光重熔技术可以愈合K418激光熔覆Inconel718合金的裂纹，并显著降低涂层的元素偏析程度。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.