基于电铸技术的Ni-ZrO2纳米复合材料制备工艺

在镀液的pH值、温度和搅拌速度一定的条件下，分析了镀液中纳米ZrO2颗粒悬浮量和阴极电流密度等工艺参数对Ni-ZrO2复合电铸层中纳米ZrO2复合量的影响。运用正交试验法优化了对复合沉积层中纳米ZrO2复合量j舒较大影响的各工艺参数，同时用SEM对纳米复合电铸层进行了表面形貌和成分的能谱分析。结果表明，由优选工艺参数所制备的Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层。表面平整光滑，组织均匀、致密，并且其显微硬度较纯镍镀层有明显提高。     

镍-氧化锆纳米复合电铸层微观形貌影响因素的分析

用SEM分析了诸如电铸时间、电流密度、镀液中纳米ZrO2颗粒悬浮量、电流形式和阴极表面粗糙度等因素对Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层微观形貌的影响.结果表明,电铸时间、阴极电流密度以及镀液中纳米ZrO2悬浮量对纳米复合电铸层微观形貌有一定程度的影响,采用脉冲电沉积工艺有助于获得表面光滑平整、显微组织均匀致密的纳米复合电铸层.     

超声波对Ni-CeO2纳米复合电铸层微观结构和性能的影响

采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析Ni-CeO2纳米复合电铸层的表面形貌和结晶取向,研究超声波对电铸层显微硬度和耐磨损性能的影响.结果表明:由于电铸过程中引入的超声波的强力搅拌作用、超声空化效应和声流扰动效应,可以有效抑制CeO2纳米颗粒在镀液中的团聚,并促使其在电铸层中均匀分布,进一步细化了Ni结晶晶粒;超声波的引入可促进Ni晶体沿(111)和(220)晶面方向的生长,改变电铸层的结晶取向;与无超声波作用相比,超声波作用下制备的纳米复合电铸层显微硬度高、耐磨损性能优良,在CeO2添加量为40 g/L时所制备的纳米复合电铸层的显微硬度最高、磨损率最低.     

Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层组织结构及磨损形貌

通过复合电铸工艺制备Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层,用SEM和TEM对其表面形貌、组织结构进行了分析。研究了镀液中纳米颗粒悬浮量对纳米复合电铸层在干摩擦状态下耐磨性的影响,并观察了纳米复合电铸层磨损后的表面形貌,探讨了磨损机理。结果表明:纳米ZrO2颗粒细化了基质金属的晶粒,使复合电铸层表面光滑平整;复合电铸层由微Ni单晶和多晶以及ZrO2颗粒所组成;纳米颗粒的强化作用使复合电铸层表现出优良的耐磨性,耐磨性的高低取决于纳米颗粒的复合量。     

结晶器铜板表面耐磨纳米复合镀层的制备及性能

目的提高连铸坯质量,延长结晶器的服役时间,节约铜资源。方法采用纳米复合镀技术在结晶器铜板表面制备了Ni/Al_2O_3纳米复合镀层,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了复合镀层表面形貌。采用单因素变量法研究了镀液中纳米Al_2O_3添加量、阴极电流密度及镀液温度等对纳米复合镀层显微硬度的影响。对结晶器铜板表面的纯Ni镀层和纳米复合镀层进行了摩擦磨损实验。结果在结晶器铜板表面制备出了高硬度、耐磨损的纳米复合镀层。随着镀液中纳米颗粒添加量的增加,镀层的硬度先升高后降低,且当纳米颗粒添加量为40 g/L时,复合镀层的显微硬度达到最大值384HV。因镀液中纳米颗粒的存在,随着电流密度和镀液温度的变化,纳米复合镀层的硬度变化不大。在相同的摩擦磨损条件下,纳米复合镀层和纯Ni镀层的摩擦系数分别约为0.41和0.7,纳米复合镀层的磨损量约为纯Ni镀层的1/2。结论在Ni基镀层中加入纳米Al_2O_3材料,能显著地提高复合镀层的硬度、耐磨损性能。     

电铸Ni-CeO2纳米复合材料的工艺研究

用电铸法制备了Ni-CeO2纳米复合材料，考察了镀液中CeO2纳米颗粒浓度、阴极电流密度、镀液温度对纳米复合材料中CeO2含量及纳米复合材料显微硬度的影响，对纳米复合材料的表面形貌进行了分析。结果表明，制备Ni-CeO2纳米复合材料的最佳工艺条件为纳米颗粒添加量为40g／L，阴极电流密度为4A／dm^2，镀液温度为55℃，pH值为3．8；在最佳工艺条件下可得到CeO2质量分数为8．5％的Ni-CeO2纳米复合材料，其表面光滑平整、组织均匀致密，且显微硬度HV达到598，较纯镍有显著提高。     

利用脉冲电铸技术制备含纳米颗粒的梯度功能材料

为探讨利用脉冲电沉积技术制备含有纳米颗粒的梯度功能材料,分析了脉冲电沉积过程中的主要工艺参数,研究了占空比对复合电铸层表面形貌的影响,通过控制电沉积时间和镀液中纳米ZrO2悬浮量制备了纳米复合电铸层,并对其横截面进行了SEM观察和组成成分测定.结果表明:通过控制脉冲复合电铸过程中的工艺参数可以制备出由纳米颗粒复合量变化而导致其组织成分呈梯度分布的纳米功能梯度材料,由此得到利用脉冲电铸技术制备含有纳米颗粒的FGM的新工艺.     

纳米SiC颗粒对微米Ni-SiC复合镀层性能的影响

采用双脉冲复合电镀技术,在瓦特型镀液中,制备了含微/纳米SiC颗粒的Ni基复合镀层,研究镀液中纳米SiC添加量对复合镀层微观形貌、摩擦性能和抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:在SiC颗粒(5μm)浓度为10 g/L的镀液中,添加纳米SiC和Ni-SiC复合镀层镍择优取向由晶面(200)转变为晶面(111);当SiC(40μm)浓度为4.0 g/L时,复合镀层显微硬度最大,为456 HV;复合镀层摩擦因数最小,平均值为0.28,为微米复合镀层的1/2;经900℃氧化100 h后,氧化质量增加为6.025 mg/cm2,为微米复合镀层的1/3。     

Ni-SiC复合电铸层内应力实验研究

提出通过掺杂SiC颗粒来减小Ni微电铸层内应力的新方法,基于UV-LIGA工艺制作了纯镍电铸层和Ni-SiC复合电铸层,采用X射线衍射法测量微电铸层的内应力,分析SiC颗粒对微电铸层内应力的影响效果。利用L_9(3~4)正交试验考查了铸液中SiC浓度、电流密度、搅拌转速及电铸温度等工艺参数对复合电铸层内应力的影响。结果表明:掺杂SiC颗粒能有效减小微电铸层内应力,电流密度和铸液中SiC浓度对内应力的影响大于搅拌转速和电铸温度。复合电铸层内应力实验的最优工艺参数为:SiC浓度20 g/L,电流密度1 A/dm~2,磁力搅拌转速600 r/min,电铸温度50℃。     

Ni-P-SiC复合镀液中颗粒含量对镀层组织及性能的影响

研究了Ni—P—SiC化学复合镀液中颗粒含量对镀层组织和性能的影响，确定了合理的工艺配方，测试了复合镀层的硬度、耐磨性能；研究了热处理对镀层组织、性能的影响。结果显示，热处理后镀层硬度最高可达1200HV，并且具有较高的耐磨性。     

系泊缆用22MnCrNiMo钢表面纳米复合镀层的制备

目的制备性能良好的Ni-SiC复合镀层,以提高海洋平台系泊缆用22MnCrNiMo钢的耐腐蚀性和寿命。方法采用基于离心力的双脉冲电沉积技术,在海洋平台系泊缆用22MnCrNiMo钢表面制备Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层。通过扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜对复合镀层的微观形貌、组织结构进行分析。利用静态浸泡腐蚀试验分析了镀层的耐腐蚀性能。结果添加0.2g/L的SDS时,纳米SiC悬浮液具有最佳悬浮性能。纳米SiC颗粒的质量浓度为2.0~4.0g/L时,有利于获得优异的Ni-SiC镀层表面形貌。随着占空比的增加,复合镀层表面的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,当占空比为50%时,可以获得最佳的Ni-SiC镀层形貌。当添加2.0g/L的纳米SiC颗粒时,镀层的腐蚀质量损失最小,为2.867mg/cm~2;当占空比为50%时,镀层的腐蚀质量损失最小,为3.059mg/cm~2。结论添加分散剂后,镀液中的纳米SiC颗粒沉降性能变好;添加纳米SiC颗粒后,镀层的耐腐蚀性能增强。纳米SiC颗粒的添加量和占空比的大小对复合镀层的组织结构和耐腐蚀性能有重要影响。     

采用CBN砂轮磨削气缸体Ni-SiC复合镀层

与离子溅射、火焰溅射、CVD等方法相比较, 采用电沉积方法形成的复合镀层有着非常优越的性能,但同时复合镀层的精密加工亦成为制约其性能发挥的关键.某小型航空发动机气缸体中由于有Ni-SiC复合镀层,其内孔磨削的难加工是制约该型号发动机性能的关键工艺.针对该缸体的特殊结构及镀层特点,文中采用合理的装夹方式及磨削工艺参数,在精密内圆磨床上采用陶瓷结合剂CBN砂轮实现了对Ni-SiC复合镀层内孔的磨削.实践证明,该工艺方法解决了Ni-SiC弥散复合镀层的精密加工难题,提高了加工效率,改善了表面尺寸形状精度和表面粗糙度.     

Erosion-corrosion behavior of nano-particle-reinforced Ni matrix composite alloying layer by duplex surface treatment in aqueous slurry environment

The present study concerns a duplex surface treatment of AISI 316L stainless steel to enhance the erosion-corrosion resistance. The duplex surface treatment consisted of Ni/nano-SiC and Ni/nano-SiO₂ predeposited by brush plating and a subsequent surface alloying with Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu by double glow process of the substrate. Results showed that under alloying temperature (1000 °C) condition, the amorphous nano-SiO₂ particles still kept the amorphous structure, whereas the nano-SiC particles had been completely decomposed and Ni, Cr reacted with SiC to form Cr_6.5Ni_2.5Si and Cr₂₃C₆. The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of composite alloying layers compared with the single alloying layer and 316L stainless steel were measured under a range of hydrodynamic conditions by recording the current response, open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results showed that the increase of the impact velocity had significant influence on the current density of composite alloying layer with brush plating Ni/nano-SiC particles interlayer obtained under flowing condition at a potential of 200 mV, whereas there were only small fluctuations occurred at current response of composite alloying layer with brush plating Ni/nano-SiO₂ particles interlayer. The results of potentiodynamic polarization indicated that, with increasing impact velocity under slurry flow conditions, the corrosion potentials of test materials decreased and the corrosion current densities of test materials increased. The corrosion resistance of composite alloying layer with brush plating Ni/nano-SiO₂ particles interlayer was prominently superior to that of single alloying layer under slurry flow conditions; the corrosion resistance of composite alloying layer with brush plating Ni/nano-SiC particles interlayer was evidently lower than that of single alloying layer, but higher than that of 316L stainless steel under slurry flow conditions. The results of EIS indicated that, with respect to the R_tot obtained in sand-free flow, the impacts of sand particles dramatically decreased the R_tot values of composite alloying layer with brush plating Ni/nano-SiC particles interlayer, single alloying layer and 316L stainless steel, whereas the impact action slightly decreased that of composite alloying layer with brush plating Ni/nano-SiO₂ particles interlayer. The weight loss rate studies suggested that the highly dispersive nano-SiO₂ particles were helpful to improve the erosion-corrosion resistance of composite alloying layer, whereas the carbides and silicide phase were deleterious to that of composite alloying layer due to the fact that preferential removal of matrix around the precipitated phase takes place by the chemical attack of aggressive medium.     

替代电镀铬的碳化硅类复合电镀技术研究进展

针对目前工业应用中对替代电镀铬工艺的绿色表面技术需求,介绍了物理气相沉积、热喷涂、冷喷涂、超高速激光熔覆、复合电镀技术的原理、特点、应用,以及替代电镀铬工艺的优势和局限性,重点对碳化硅类材料复合镀技术的研究进展进行了综述,介绍了Ni-SiC、Cu-SiC、Zn-SiC、Ni-P-SiC、Ni-SiC-GO镀层的主要应用,及电解液组分中添加石墨烯和氧化石墨烯以提高复合镀层腐蚀性能的作用和机理.介绍了电解液pH值、温度、浓度对镀层性能的影响,不同的电解液体系中,当pH值、温度、浓度达到最优值时,镀层性能可达到最佳.介绍了SiC颗粒尺寸以及分散方式对镀层性能的影响,颗粒尺寸过小,易发生团聚,颗粒尺寸过大,沉积量降低,通过添加剂和物理搅拌,可以有效解决颗粒团聚的问题,提高颗粒沉积量,从而改善镀层性能.介绍了电源参数对复合镀层性能的影响,复合镀工艺中应当优化电流密度、电模式(脉冲和直流)和占空比等参数.最后,总结了碳化硅类材料复合镀技术的发展趋势,即工艺设计向绿色环保化、镀液体系向多元复合化、工艺控制向智能化方向发展.     

Investigation on Microstructure,Wear Behavior and Microhardness of Al−Si/SiC Nanocomposite

Aluminum matrix nano-composites have been widely used in various fields such as aerospace, automobile, and packing industries. In this study, the effect of nano-SiC content on the microst-ructure, wear resistance and micro-hardness of Al–Si/SiC nano-composite was investigated. In this regard, Al–Si matrix was reinforced by different amounts of nano-SiC: 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 3, 5, 10 wt %. The results showed that with increasing the nano-SiC weight ratio, nano-particles are agglomerated and unsuitable sintering increases the porosity, as pores and cavities. For more than 1.5% weight ratio of nano-SiC in the matrix, the wear resistance and the micro-hardness decreased. The results of the wear test, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and worn surfaces showed that the dominant wear mechanism is controlled by nano-SiC contents. This study indicated that with adding nano-SiC particles more than the optimal content, wear resistance and micro-hardness of Al–Si/SiC nano-composite increased more than twice.     

AZ31镁合金表面含纳米SiC氟化镁膜层的制备及耐腐蚀性能

为了提高 MgF2 膜层的耐腐蚀性能,利用微弧氧化工艺,通过在 NH4F-EG 电解液中添加纳米 SiC 颗粒,在 AZ31 镁合金表面制备含 SiC 的 MgF2 -SiC 膜层,并探究纳米 SiC 颗粒的浓度对 MgF2 膜层组成、结构和耐腐蚀性能的影响。 采用 SEM、EDS、XRD、XPS 等测试方法对含 SiC 的 MgF2 膜层的微观组织、元素含量和物相组成进行分析,利用电化学工作站对膜层的耐腐蚀性能进行测试。 结果表明:电解液中的纳米 SiC 颗粒成功进入 MgF2 膜层中。 随着电解液中纳米 SiC 浓度的增加,膜层中的 Si、C 元素含量增加,Mg、F 元素含量减少,膜层变得致密平整,孔隙率减少,膜层缺陷得到有效改善,膜层厚度减小;MgF2 膜层的耐腐蚀性能先增大后减小,当电解液中纳米 SiC 的浓度为 5 g / L 时,膜层的耐腐蚀性能最优。 因此,在 NH4F-EG 电解液中添加纳米 SiC 颗粒,可以在 AZ31 镁合金表面制备出含 SiC 的 MgF2 -SiC 膜层, 且耐腐蚀性能优于不含 SiC 的 MgF2 膜层。     

纳米颗粒增强Ni基复合镀渗层的腐蚀与

采用复合镀渗工艺,对316L不锈钢表面刷镀的两种纳米陶瓷颗粒(非晶纳米SiO2(n-SiO2)和纳米SiC(n-SiC)颗粒)增强的复合镀层进行双辉Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu多元共渗处理,成功地在316L不锈钢表面制备了纳米颗粒增强Ni基合金层。利用XRD、SEM和TEM对两种复合镀渗层的微观组织进行观察,采用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和冲刷腐蚀试验对两种复合镀渗层的耐蚀性和耐冲蚀性能进行研究。对两种颗粒增强的复合镀渗层的微观组织分析结果表明:在双辉多元共渗工艺(1000℃)条件下,电刷镀含n-SiO2颗粒的复合镀渗层中的SiO2颗粒仍保持非晶态;而电刷镀含n-SiC颗粒的复合镀渗层中的SiC颗粒已完全分解并与基体合金元素发生反应,导致在晶内析出三元硅化物Cr6.5Ni2.5Si和沿晶界析出碳化物Cr23C6。在3.5%NaCl(质量分数,下同)溶液中的电化学腐蚀实验结果表明:SiO2颗粒增强的复合镀渗层存在明显的钝化区,点蚀电位和维钝电流密度与Ni基合金渗层的十分接近,而电刷镀含SiC颗粒增强的复合镀渗层处于活化状态,但其耐蚀性能仍略强于不锈钢;两种复合镀渗层的EIS图谱均呈现单容抗弧特征,与Ni基合金渗...     

Nano SiC-Nickel Composite Coatings from a Sulfamat Bath Using Direct Current and Pulsed Direct Current

Composite plating is a method through which the fine particles of metallic or non-metallic compounds are co-deposited in a plated layer to improve surface properties such as lubrication, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. In this study, nano-sized SiC particles were co-deposited with nickel from sulfamat bath using pulsed and direct currents. Scanning electron microscopy, microhardness, wear, and corrosion tests were carried out to characterize the coating properties. The results showed that microhardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of Ni-SiC composite coatings increased compared to those of Ni films.     

电沉积方式对Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层性能的影响

目的通过研究电沉积方式对Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层性能的影响,进而改善Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层的性能。方法采用直流电沉积和脉冲电沉积分别制备Ni和Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层,使用扫描电镜和能谱仪研究镀层的表面形貌和成分,通过测量施镀前后镀件质量差计算沉积速率,采用硬度计测量了镀层的硬度,利用极化曲线和电化学阻抗方法研究镀层在3.5%NaCl水溶液中的耐腐蚀性能,分析了直流电沉积方式和脉冲电沉积方式对镀层各项性能的影响。结果脉冲电沉积方式制备的Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层的表面形貌更加致密、均匀、光滑,镀层硬度为616.3HV,自腐蚀电流为9.56×10~(-6) A,比直流电沉积制备的Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层的硬度和耐蚀性能均有所提高。结论电沉积方式对复合镀层的性能有很大影响,脉冲电沉积方式制备的Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层具有更好的性能。     

Nanoparticle dispersion,microstructure and thermal effect of multi-doped ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/SiC from sulphate induced electrolyte

Effort to improve the hardness and thermal resilient properties of coating for advanced engineering applications has necessitated this study. Zn sulphate electrolyte was induced with ZrO₂-SiC composite particulate at varied current density of 1.5 and 2.0 A/cm² for 10 minutes. The incorporated composite particles of ZrO₂/SiC were varied in other to examine their mechanical responses on zinc electrolyte. The coated films were characterised with scanning electron microscope with attached electron dispersion spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The micro-hardness properties of the coated and thermal aged alloy were determined with high diamond micro-hardness tester. The anti-corrosion progression was examined using linear polarization technique in 3.65% NaCl. From the results, the incorporation of the composite matrix was found to impact significantly on the surface and microhardness properties. The co-deposition of composite submicron on the zinc electrolyte revealed that homogenous grain structure was obtained. To this end, a boost in the performance characteristics was attained due to effective co-deposition parameters in the electrolyte.