高能超声波制备铝合金半固态浆料技术的研究

研究了利用高能超声波制备半固态金属浆料的技术,包括制备工艺流程、非枝晶组织的生成机理,以及典型铝合金半固态浆料制备工艺与组织。结果表明,超声波直接振动金属液的方法能够在很短的时间内制备出晶粒细小的半固态浆料,具有设备紧凑、流程短、维护容易、搅拌效果好等特点。所制备的A390过共晶Al-Si合金的初晶Si可达20μm左右;ZL101亚共晶Al-Si合金的初晶α-Al非枝晶组织较圆整、细小。     

电磁搅拌对A356合金熔体结构及其凝固行为的影响

对A356合金熔体进行电磁搅拌并浇注至高温铸型中直接制备半固态浆料.利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了过热电磁搅拌对A356合金半固态浆料组织的影响.用Image-Pro Plus图像分析软件对α(Al)初晶的尺寸、圆整度以及Al-Si共晶间距进行分析测算.通过和直接浇注获得的浆料组织进行对比,研究了电磁场对合金熔体结构及其后续凝固行为的影响.结果表明:随着搅拌温度的降低至液相线附近时,电磁场对熔体凝固行为的影响逐渐显著;α(Al)初晶中树枝晶不断减少并逐渐转变蔷薇状晶和非枝晶;水淬后Al-Si共晶组织也由粗大的片层状转变为细小的纤维状和鳞片状结构.这些现象主要归因于电磁场作用下低温熔体中Al、Si的微观偏聚加剧,促进了α(Al)和共晶Si的形核.     

半固态过共晶Al-Si合金的制备技术

论述了半固态过共晶Al-Si合金的制备技术,包括半固态搅拌、喷射沉积与触变成形、双重铸造、变质与等温处理等。这些技术可有效地改善初晶Si形态,细化初晶Si,获得一定量的球状α相,并控制浆料中的固相率,使合金具有预期的半固态组织。     

倾斜冷却剪切流变参数对半固态AlSi9Mg合金组织的影响

利用自制的实验装置研究倾斜式冷却剪切流变技术制备半固态AlSi9Mg合金.结果表明:合金熔体在倾斜冷却板表面非均匀形核并受到重力和振动力的剪切作用,初生α(Al)逐渐从枝晶网络演化为细小的球状或粒状晶;控制浇注温度在600℃、倾斜板长度在600 mm、振动频率在50 Hz时可以获得组织良好的半固态合金熔体,合金熔体中初生α(Al)的平均晶粒尺寸为50μm,形状因子为0.71;机械振动能显著细化AlSi9Mg合金组织,随着振动频率的提高,初生α(Al)明显细化,圆整度也随之提高.     

5083铝合金半固态浆料流变成形的组织与性能

通过自制的对向式双振动头超声处理装置作用于5083合金半固态浆料并进行流变挤压铸造成形,研究了流变挤压铸造成形工艺和熔体浇注温度等对合金半固态成形制件的组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,流变成形工艺对合金半固态组织有明显的改善作用,使晶粒更细小、致密、均匀;功率超声和流变挤压铸造能显著提高合金的力学性能;成形制件的组织和力学性能在浇注温度为645℃时最好.     

海外文献速报

20130201宫本侑典,恒川好树,奥宫正洋.超声波制浆过共晶Al-Si合金的半固态离心铸造.铸造工学,2012,84(3):137-142.Al-Si合金中因初晶Si的密度低,在离心铸造时会偏向于铸件内侧,但有关半固态离心铸造的研究尚未见报道。对于过共晶Al-Si合金而言,若采用半固态离心铸造在铸件内侧得到大量的初晶Si,则可降低液相线温度,使熔化具有重要意义。试验材     

新型倾斜板技术半固态铸造Al-20Si合金

采用新型倾斜板技术,通过半固态铸造制备过共晶Al-20Si合金材料,对Si相的尺寸与分布进行了研究。结果表明,新型倾斜板半固态铸造技术可以制备性能优良的Al-20Si合金,对初晶Si组织有很大的改善。在本试验条件下,倾角α=45°,倾斜板长度L=300mm,浇注温度t=630℃,倾斜板在室温条件下可获得细小均匀的初晶Si组织。     

磁场对Al-19wt%Si高硅铝合金离心铸造组织的影响

研究了恒定离心转速、不同磁场强度下Al-19wt%Si合金微观组织的演变特征。结果显示,未加磁场时,初晶Si呈长方块状或不规则多边形板块状,共晶Si相为致密的网状,共晶α-Al相多为柱状晶、树枝晶;加入磁场后,初晶Si转变成细小、圆润的颗粒状,初晶Si颗粒周围的共晶Si相由网状变为短棒状、针状;加入磁场后,共晶α-Al相由树枝晶、柱状晶向等轴晶转变,随着磁场强度增大,一次、二次枝晶臂逐渐变短,达到某一磁场强度后几乎变为等轴晶。     

挤压铸造对过共晶Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金组织与性能的影响

研究了比压对挤压铸造Al-17.5Si-4Cu-0.5Mg-0.1Mn合金的显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,在压力下凝固时,合金的显微组织发生明显改善,力学性能大幅提高。且在一定压力范围内,随着挤压力的增加,α(Al)枝晶明显细化,枝晶间距减小,共晶Si相、Al2Cu相等强化相尺寸减小,力学性能提高;但当挤压铸造比压达到850 MPa时,合金的硬度和强度反而略有下降。与此同时,合金的伸长率却随着挤压铸造比压的增大持续升高。因此,比压为670 MPa时,挤压铸造Al-17.5Si-4Cu-0.5Mg-0.1Mn合金获得较好的组织与性能。     

挤压铸造对重熔原位α-Al_2O_(3p)/ZL109复合材料组织与性能的影响

以Al-SiO_2为反应体系,借助半固态机械搅拌法,结合电磁搅拌分散工艺,制备5%α-Al_2O_(3p)/ZL109(体积分数)复合材料,并对重熔后的复合材料进行挤压铸造成型研究。结果表明:挤压铸造显著消除了复合材料因半固态机械搅拌卷气而引起的严重气孔缺陷,并细化基体α(Al)相晶粒;当压射比压达到80 MPa时,气孔缺陷完全消失,粗大的α(Al)树枝晶转变为细小的等轴晶,针状共晶Si细化成短棒状;分布在晶界的α-Al_2O_3颗粒也在一定程度上细化α(Al)晶粒。经80MPa挤压铸造的重熔复合材料的T6热处理态抗拉强度和布氏硬度分别达到347 MPa和136 HB,与ZL109基体相比,提高5.8%和5.4%;与未挤压复合材料相比,提高20.9%和18.3%。     

The indirect ultrasonic vibration process for rheo-squeeze casting of A356 aluminum alloy

The semisolid slurry of A356 Al alloy was prepared by indirect ultrasonic vibration (IUV) method and then formed by direct squeeze casting (SC). The effects of squeeze pressure and T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of rheo-squeeze casting (RSC) A356 Al alloy were investigated. The results indicate that with the increase of squeeze pressure, the average diameter of primary α-Al particles decreased, while the densities and mechanical properties of the samples increased. The effect of T6 heat treatment on the mechanical properties is more significant in RSC samples than in conventional SC samples. The tensile strength and elongation of T6 heat treated RSC samples under 100 MPa pressure are 338 MPa and 8%, respectively.     

Degassing effect of ultrasonic vibration in molten melt and semi-solid slurry of Al-Si alloys

In the process of semi-solid slurry preparation with direct ultrasonic vibration (UV) by dipping the horn into the melt, one of the questions is whether the gas content in the melt would be increased or not by the cavitation effect of ultrasonic vibration. By application of quantitative gas content measurement technique, this paper investigated the effect of the ultrasonic vibration on the gas content of both the melt and the semi-solid slurry of Al-Si alloys, and the variations of the gas contents in two kinds of aluminum alloys, i.e., A356 alloy and Al-20Si-2Cu-1Ni-0.6RE alloy (Al-20Si for short). The results show that ultrasonic vibration has an obvious degassing effect on the molten melt, especially on the semi-solid slurry of Al-Si alloy which is below the liquidus temperature by less than 20 ℃. The ultrasonic degassing efficiency of the A356 alloy decreases with the reduction of the initial gas content in the melt, and it is nearly unchanged for the Al-20Si alloy. The gas content of both alloys decreases when the ultrasonic vibration time is increased. The best vibration time for Al-20Si alloy at the liquid temperature of 710 ℃ and semi-solid temperature of 680 ℃ is 60 s and 90 s, respectively; and the degassing efficiency is 48% and 35%, respectively. The mechanism of ultrasonic degassing effect is discussed.     

消失模壳型铸造A356铸态和T6态铝合金的组织、性能及拉伸断口(英文)

对采用消失模壳型铸造制备的A356铝合金在铸态和T6热处理态下的微观组织、拉伸性能以及拉伸断口进行了研究,并与消失模铸造A356铝合金进行了对比分析。结果表明:消失模壳型铸造A356铝合金组织主要有α(Al)初生相、共晶硅相以及Mg2Si相组成。经过T6热处理后,共晶硅形貌更加球化,均匀地分布于晶界处;且共晶硅粒子的平均长度、宽度和长宽比都比铸态条件下的小。与消失模铸造相比,组织中的初生相和共晶硅相都明显细化。经T6处理后,消失模壳型铸造A356合金的力学性能得到明显提高,其中抗拉强度、延伸率和布氏硬度分别达到260.53MPa、6.15%和86.0,其与消失模铸造相比具有明显优势。此外,消失模壳型铸造A356铝合金拉伸断口为具有准解理面和韧窝形貌的混合断口,最终表现为穿晶断裂模式。而消失模铸造A356铝合金拉伸断口为明显的脆性断口。     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg-12Zn-2Y alloy containing quasicrystal phase fabricated by different casting processes

Although icosahedral quasicrystal phase (denoted as I-phase) has been verified as an outstanding reinforcing phase, the mechanical properties of quasicrystal-reinforced Mg-Zn-Y alloys fabricated by traditional casting processes are still unsatisfactory due to the serious segregation of intermetallic compounds. In this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-12Zn-2Y alloy fabricated by different casting processes, including permanent mold casting, squeeze casting and rheo-squeeze casting with ultrasonic vibration, were systematically investigated and compared. The results show that massive, large-sized I-phase and Mg₇Zn₃ phase gather together in the permanent mold cast sample, while the squeeze casting process leads to the transformation of I-phase into fine lamellar morphology and the amount of Mg₇Zn₃ decreases. As to the rheo-squeeze casting process, when the ultrasonic vibration is exerted with power from 800 W to 1,600 W, the α-Mg grains are refined and spheroidized to a large extent, and the lamellar spacing of the eutectic structure is significantly reduced, accompanied by some tiny granular I-phase scattering in the α-Mg matrix. However, when the ultrasonic power continuously increases to 2,400 W, the eutectic structure becomes coarse. The best mechanical properties of the rheo-squeeze cast alloy are obtained when the ultrasonic power is 1,600 W. The microhardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation are 79.9 HV, 140 MPa, 236 MPa, and 3.25%, which are 44.1%, 26.1%, 25.5%, 132.1% respectively higher than the corresponding values of the squeeze casting sample, and are 47.6%, 44.3%, 69.8%, and 253.3% respectively higher than the corresponding values of the permanent mold casting sample.

     

Influence of high pressure and manganese addition on Fe-rich phases and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al−Si alloy with rheo-squeeze casting

The influence of high pressure and manganese addition on Fe-rich phases (FRPs) and mechanical properties of Al?14Si?2Fe alloy with rheo-squeeze casting (RSC) was investigated. The semi-solid alloy melt was treated by ultrasonic vibration (UV) firstly, and then formed by squeeze casting (SC). Results show that the FRPs in as-cast SC alloys are composed of coarse β-Al₅(Fe, Mn)Si, δ-Al₄(Fe, Mn)Si₂ and bone-shaped α-Al₁₅(Fe, Mn)₃Si₂ phases when the pressure is 0 MPa. With RSC process, the FRPs are first refined by UV, and then the solidification under pressure further causes the grains to become smaller. The peritectic transformation occurs during the formation of α phase. For the alloy with the same composition, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of RSC sample is higher than that of the SC sample. With the same forming process, the UTS of Al?14Si?2Fe?0.8Mn alloy is higher than that of Al?14Si?2Fe?0.4Mn alloy.     

Microstructure evolution of semi-solid Mg-14Al-0.5Mn alloys during isothermal heat treatment

A new Mg-14Al-0.5Mn alloy that exhibits a wide solidification range and sufficient fluidity for semi-solid forming was designed.And the microstructure evolution of semi-solid Mg-14Al-0.5Mn alloy during isothermal heat treatment was investigated. The mechanism of the microstructure evolution and the processing conditions for isothermal heat treatment were also discussed.The results show that the microstructures of cast alloys consist ofα-Mg,β-Mg17Al12 and a small amount of Al-Mn compounds.After holding at 520℃ for 3 min,the phases ofβ-Mg17Al12 and eutectic mixtures in the Mg-14Al-0.5Mn alloy melt and the microstructures ofα-Mg change from developed dendrites to irregular solid particles.With increasing the isothermal time,the amount of liquid increases,and the solid particles grow large and become spherical.When the holding time lasts for 20 min or even longer,the solid and liquid phases achieve a state of dynamic equilibrium.     

间接超声振动制备ZL201铝合金半固态浆料

采用间接超声振动方法,即工具头在盛熔体的金属杯外面进行超声振动,制备ZL201铝合金半固态浆料。主要研究了启振温度和振动时间对浆料微观组织的影响,以及超声振动作用下整杯浆料的初生晶粒分布。结果表明,在液相线以上附近温度,对熔体进行60s左右的间接超声振动,可以获得平均晶粒直径为67μm,形状系数为0.56的半固态浆料。在60s的振动时间内,晶粒平均直径和形状系数呈现出一直增大的趋势,但是60s后平均形状系数有所降低。整杯浆料中各处浆料组织基本均匀一致,顶部和底部晶粒的平均直径略大于中部。在靠近杯壁1～3mm的区域发现大量游离晶核,表明间接超声振动还具有高频机械振动的效果。     

Effects of trace Cr on as-cast microstructure and microstructural evolution of semi-solid isothermal heat treatment ZC61 magnesium alloy

The content and kind of trace elements in magnesium alloys have important effects on their ascast and semi-solid microstructures. In this research work, effects of trace Cr on as-cast and semi-solid microstructures of ZC61 magnesium alloy were investigated by metal mold casting and semi-solid isothermal heat treatment. The results show that the addition of Cr can refine the α-Mg phase without generating a new phase, noticeably change the eutectic phase, and decrease the average size of solid particles at the same isothermal heat treatment conditions. Non-dendritic microstructures of all alloys are constituted of α_1-Mg phases, α_2-Mg phases and eutectic phases after water quenching. With isothermal temperature increased or holding time prolonged, the eutectic microstructure(α-Mg+MgZn_2+CuMgZn) at the grain boundaries in as-cast alloy is melted preferentially and then turned into semi-solid non-dendritic microstructure by processes of initial coarsening, microstructure separation, spheroidizing and final coarsening. Especially when the ZC61-0.1 Cr alloy was treated at 585 ℃ for 30 min, the ideal non-dendritic microstructure can be obtained, and the corresponding solid particle size and shape factor were 37.5 μm and 1.33, respectively. The coarsening process of solid α-Mg phase at higher temperature or longer time, which is affected by both combining growth and Ostwald ripening mechanism, is refrained when Cr is added to the ZC61 alloy.     

电磁离心铸造Al-20Si过共晶合金中硅相组织演变规律

采用电磁离心铸造的方法制备了Al-20Si(质量分数,下同)过共晶合金空心管坯,研究了电磁场对合金凝固组织及硅相形貌的影响.结果表明,随磁场强度增加铸坯外侧硅相聚集层厚度不断减小;与传统离心铸造的铝硅过共晶合金微观组织相比,施加电磁场后凝固组织中初晶硅相得到细化,外侧硅相形貌逐渐由典型的五瓣星形成为沿热流方向生长的初晶硅枝晶,内侧硅相受到电磁搅拌作用发生合并凝聚和钝化;初晶硅相尺寸及形状因子随磁场强度增加在不断减小.电磁搅拌破坏了硅相呈放射状排列的结构,共晶硅分布杂乱,且共晶团共晶片层间距逐渐增加.