扩散法制备CNTs掺杂的MgB2超导块材

采用扩散法制备高Jc的MgB2超导块材,将制备样品的超导性能与传统固相反应法制备CTNs掺杂的MgB2超导块材的性能做详细对比。研究发现,所采用的新型扩散方法可以有效地提高MgB2块材的密度,减少原料Mg粉中氧的不利影响,该法制备的MgB2块材更为均匀,MgO杂相较少,从而可以在自场下得到较高的临界电流密度,但在高场下性能提高并不明显,而CNTs掺杂可以有效改善扩散法制备的样品在高场下性能较差的弱点。CNTs掺杂量为0.5%（质量分数）的样品,在10 K,4 T条件下,Jc仍有1.0×104 A/cm2,在零场下更达到了0.46 MA/cm2,比在相同条件下用固相反应法制备的样品要高2~3倍。     

连续工艺制备的MgB2超导线的传输电流特性

美国高新技术研究所(HTR)采用连续装管成型(CTFF)粉末装管技术(PIT)制备了MgB2/Fe复合线。目前已制备出直径为1.2mm的先驱线(包Fe的Mg+B混合粉),长度达70m。在800℃～950℃处理3min～30min的短样品,传输临界电流密度(Jc)在4K/4T下达到(2～3)×104A/cm2,在4K/2T下达到4×104A/cm2,在4K自场下外推的Jc最少达到2×105A/cm2。用磁测量方法得到的Jc与外推得到的传输临界电流值差不多。     

结合连续管线成型技术和粉末套管法制备SiC掺杂的MgB_2超导线材研究

结合连续管线成型技术和粉末套管方法,原位掺杂SiC制备出了20m长的单芯MgB2/Fe、MgB2/Nb/Fe线材和7芯、19芯及49芯的MgB2/Nb/Cu/Fe复合多芯线材。采用XRD和SEM分别对烧结后样品芯部进行相成分和微观结构研究,并通过TEM对SiC掺杂的机理进行了简单分析。采用四引线法对线材进行电流测量并获得临界电流密度。结果表明,线材经过不同温度保温15min的真空退火后,在800℃形成的MgB2相含量最高,其中单芯MgB2/Fe线材在4.2K,11T下Jc值超过104A/cm2,7芯复合线材在4.2K,7.5T下Jc值也达到104A/cm2,并且具有较好的热稳定性,在低场下仍可稳定通过电流。     

日本国立材料科学研究院粉末套管法制备MgB2线材进展

日本国立材料科学研究院Kumakura领导的研究小组报道了其MgB2线材制备研究的最新进展。这个研究小组通过优化采用不锈钢作为包套材料的粉末套管法的加工工艺参数，最近获得了在4.2K，自场条件下临界电流密度(Jc)达45000A/cm2的MgB2线材，该测量结果是在未经任何热处理的MgB2线材中获得的。 更高Jc的结果可以在经过400℃至600℃热处理的线材中获得，经过热处理后线材在高场下(10T)的Jc可以提高近一个数量级，Jc在 900℃的热处理温度下开始降低。该小组的研究人员称Jc增加原因是MgB2颗粒之间的连接被增强了，而Jc在高于800℃热处理后…     

混合粉末对先位法MgB_2超导带材性能的影响

将掺杂纳米C或SiC的预烧结粉与镁粉和硼粉进行混合作为先位(ex-situ)粉末套管法(Powder-In-Tube)的填充粉末,制备出MgB2/Fe超导带材。结果表明,掺杂纳米C或SiC样品的临界转变温度均比未掺杂样品的低1.5K左右。纳米C或SiC样品的临界电流密度(Jc)均得到了极大的提高。且在4.2K,8T下,掺杂纳米C样品的Jc最高,约为104A/cm2,比未掺杂样品以及采用商业MgB2制备样品的Jc高约1个数量级。在预烧结过程中纳米C或SiC中的C对B位的有效替代所产生的晶格畸变以及晶粒连接性的提高可能是掺杂样品的Jc提高的主要原因。     

B_(10)C掺杂MgB_2/NbZr/Cu线材的超导性能研究

通过原位法粉末装管工艺制备了B10C掺杂的MgB2/NbZr/Cu超导线材。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、PPMS测试仪等测试手段检测了样品的成相情况、微观结构以及超导电性。结果显示该掺杂对MgB2/NbZr/Cu超导线材的磁通钉扎性能及临界电流密度有一定的影响:750℃/2h的热处理制度能够使C元素成为有效磁通钉扎中心,线材的磁通钉扎性能和超导电性均有所提高。20K时,MgB2/NbZr/Cu超导线材的不可逆磁场Hirr达到5.2T;在20K、2T外磁场条件下,其临界电流密度达到2×104A/cm2。     

MOD法制备Zr~(4+)掺杂的YBCO薄膜及其性能

通过在前驱溶液中掺杂乙酰丙酮锆(Zr(C5H7O2)4),成功地制备了掺杂YSZ的YBCO薄膜。该YBCO薄膜具有很好的面内和面外织构,通过SEM和TEM发现,在薄膜的表面均匀地分布着大小为10nm左右的YSZ颗粒。通过对掺杂的和未掺杂的YBCO薄膜超导性能的比较发现,经过掺杂的YBCO薄膜的临界转变温度(Tc)为90.5K,比未掺杂的YBCO薄膜(Tc=91.7K)下降了1.2K;掺杂的YBCO薄膜在自场下的临界电流密度(Jc)为3.31MA/cm2,比未掺杂YBCO薄膜的Jc(3.69MA/cm2)稍微有所降低,但是在外加磁场下,掺杂的YBCO薄膜的场性能远高于未掺杂的样品,在77K,1T磁场下的掺杂样品中,其Jc值是未掺杂的YBCO薄膜的2.5倍。     

预热温度和真空度对自蔓延法制备MgB2超导块材的影响

用自蔓延(SHS)法成功制备了MgB2超导块材.B,Mg合成MgB2是放热反应,预热温度和真空度是影响MgB2性能的主要因素,当预热温度太低时不能用电弧引导反应,理论计算和实验结果表明预热温度应该大于484 K,但预热温度太高会使部分MgB2分解为MgB4和MgB7,当预热温度为520K,真空度为2.4×10-3Pa时,试样的临界温度Tc=38.45K,温度转变宽度小于0.4 K,临界电流密度Jc=1.60×106A/cm2(10 K,0.5 T),1.65×106A/cm2(20 K,0 T).试样的致密度较低时,结构为层状,层与层之间有空洞,每层由颗粒状晶粒组成,颗粒尺寸为2 μm～5 μm.SHS法制备MgB2超导块材工艺简单、反应时间短(3 s～5 s).     

MgB2／Cu线圈的研究进展

从发现具有39K超导转变温度的MgB2超导体至今,在制做各种类型MgB2实用导体方面已取得很大进展,特别是在提高各种金属外壳MgB2线材的临界电流密度方面的研究更引人注目。过去已报道过的实验表明,MgB2超导线在4K～30K具有105A/cm2～106A/cm2数量级的相当高的临界电流密度,在磁场中也有尚佳表现。但是,所报道的实验结果几乎都是在几厘米长的短样品上获得的。回顾Bi系高Tc超导体,发现它之后没几个月就报道了高临界电流密度长线的实验结果。对比之下,可以看出制做长MgB2超导线的困难。要想使MgB2超导线有大尺寸的实际应用,必须制做出长线…     

高质量的干净极限与脏极限MgB_2超导薄膜

利用混合物理化学气相沉积法(hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition),在0001取向的SiC和Al2O3上原位制备了高质量的c轴外延MgB2薄膜,样品具有高于41K的零转变温度,超导剩余电阻率ρ(42K)<0.5μΩcm,很好地吻合第一原理计算的干净极限行为。X射线相分析图谱上没有MgO的衍射峰出现说明这种方法极大程度上避免了MgB2制备过程最易出现的氧污染。较高的磁电阻和低温低场条件下不存在磁通跳跃都说明了样品非常干净。借助一种改进的双加热丝装置,我们在干净MgB2样品基础上实现了可控的碳掺杂,掺碳后的样品超导临界温度下降,剩余电阻率升高,电子平均自由程由于杂质散射作用的增强而得到显著抑制,为符合脏极限的超导样品。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis